AMINOACIDS

Question 1

Non polar amino acid
CHARACTERISTICS:

Answer 1

▪ CANNOT form H-bonds OR ionic bonds (water contains ionic bonds)
▪ Hydrophobic. Scared of water/dont mix with it
▪ Cytosolic(cyto) proteins: these aminoacids are inside the protein because they are scared of water so the water loving molecules are the ones actually touching cytoplasm

Question 2

Non polar amino acids LIST

Answer 2

AGL- VI-F-WMP

Alanine (Ala)
Glycine (Gly)
Leucine (Leu)
Valine (Val)
Isoleucine (Ile)
Phenylalanine (Phe)
Tryptophan (Trp)
Methionine (Met)
Proline (Pro)

Question 3

Proline

Answer 3

(rigid amino acid)
▪ The only amino acid that has a secondary amino group (NH3)
▪ Creates ring: side chain bonds to alpha amino group
▪ Restriction to how it fits into proteins due to the ring

Question 4

Uncharged Polar amino acids
CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 4

▪ CAN form H- bonds OR ionic bonds (hydrophilic)
▪ pH stays at 7 because NO CHARGE (no H+ ions or OH-)

Question 5

Uncharged Polar amino acids LIST

Answer 5

STYN-QC

Serine (Ser)
Threonine (Thr)
Tyrosine (Tyr)
Asparagine (Asn)
Glutamine (Gln)
Cysteine (Cys)

Question 6

Tyrosine

Answer 6

Aromatic/benzene ring so sometimes classified as hydrophobic amino acid

Question 7

Cystine

Answer 7

▪ Has sulfhydryl (SH) on the side chain
▪ SH can be oxidized (lose H): 2 cystines can form covalent bond called disulfide bond
▪ Disulfide bonds: provide extra stability in folding or link 2 separate proteins

Question 8

Which aminoacids can lose a proton (H+) at basic pH?

Answer 8

Tyrosine
Cystine

Question 9

Which amino acids have an amide and carbonyl group that can also form H-bonds?

Answer 9

Asparagine
Glutamine

Question 10

What are the Aromatic amino acids?

Answer 10

Tryptophan
Tyrosine
Phenylalanine

Question 11

Which amino acids have a polar hydroxyl(OH) that can form H-bonds?

(Can all be phosphorylated/accept a phosphate)

Answer 11

Serine
Threonine
Tyrosine

Question 12

Which amino acids can have sugar added to them?

HINT:
- amino group site of attachment
- hydroxyl is site of attachment
- hydroxyl is site of attachment

Answer 12

Asparagine: amino group site of attachment
Serine: hydroxyl is site of attachment
Threonine: hydroxyl is site of attachment

Question 13

Acidic amino acids: CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 13

▪ Negatively charged (attracts positive H+ so has to be negatively charged to pull positive)
▪ Hydrophilic
▪ Acidic= lower pH

Question 14

Acidic amino acids: LIST

Answer 14

DE

Aspartic acid (Asp)
Glutamic acid (Glu)

Question 15

Basic amino acids: CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 15

▪ Positively charged
▪ Hydrophilic
▪ Basic = higher pH

Question 16

Basic amino acids: LIST

Answer 16

Histidine (His)
Lysine (Lys)
Arginine (Arg)

Question 17

Histidine

Answer 17

Acid base catalyst
▪ Can act as acid OR base
▪ Protenanted: proton(H+) ADDED meaning that the pH is lower than 6 because more free protons
▪ Deprotonated: proton (H+) REMOVED meaning that pH is higher than 6/more basic because less free protons