Midterm csv Flashcards
Erikson - Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy)
Infants develop trust in caregivers when needs are met or develop mistrust when they aren’t.
Erikson - Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Toddlerhood)
Toddlers learn independence in actions or feel shame and doubt about their abilities.
Erikson - Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool)
Preschoolers learn to take initiative or feel guilty about their actions.
Erikson - Industry vs. Inferiority (Middle Childhood)
Children develop competence through work and learning or feel inferior to peers.
Piaget - Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years)
Babies experience the world through senses and motor actions.
Piaget - Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years)
Young children use symbols and imagination but struggle with logic.
Piaget - Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 12 years)
Older children develop logical thinking about concrete events.
Piaget - Object Permanence (Sensorimotor)
Understanding that objects continue to exist even when unseen.
Piaget - Egocentrism (Preoperational)
Seeing the world only from their own perspective.
Piaget - Conservation (Concrete Operational)
Understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape.
Piaget - Assimilation vs. Accommodation
Assimilation: Incorporating new info into existing knowledge; Accommodation: Adjusting knowledge to fit new info.
Vygotsky - Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Learning is most effective in tasks just beyond current abilities with guidance.
Vygotsky - Scaffolding
Adults and peers provide structured support to help learning.
Vygotsky - Private Speech
Children use self-talk to guide their actions and problem-solving.
Vygotsky - Social Interaction & Learning
Social interaction is critical for cognitive and language development.
Bandura - Observational Learning
Children learn behaviors by watching others and imitating.
Bandura - Modeling in Childhood
Observing role models influences childhood behavior and social learning.
Bandura - Self-Efficacy in Early Years
Belief in one’s abilities develops in early childhood and influences motivation.
Nature vs. Nurture - Prenatal Development
Genetics and environment shape prenatal growth and risk factors.
Nature vs. Nurture - Early Childhood Experiences
Early experiences influence brain development, personality, and learning.
Bronfenbrenner - Microsystem
Immediate environment (family, school, peers) directly affects development.
Bronfenbrenner - Mesosystem
Interactions between different parts of the microsystem (e.g., parent-teacher relationship).
Bronfenbrenner - Exosystem
Indirect influences, like a parent’s workplace affecting home life.
Bronfenbrenner - Macrosystem
Larger cultural and societal influences on development.
Bronfenbrenner - Chronosystem
Changes over time, including life transitions and historical events, impact development.
