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Midterm Class Flashcards

1
Q

Archeology

A

Study of past societies

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2
Q

Linguistics

A

Speech

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3
Q

Physical anthropology

A

Study of human evolution and variation

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4
Q

Cultural anthropology

A

Looking at ways that humans have adapted

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5
Q

Biological anthropology

A

Study of human biological evolution and biolcultural variation

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6
Q

Biolcultural approach

A

Relationship between biology and culture

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7
Q

Franz boas (1858-1942)

A

Studied Inuits wanted to see their environment

Saw that the environment affected their bodies

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8
Q

Charles Darwin

A

1809-1882
Theory of evolution
Natural selection

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9
Q

Paleontology

A

Study of fossils

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10
Q

Taxonomy

A

Study of classification

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11
Q

Demography

A

Study of pop

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12
Q

Evolutionary biology

A

Study of org and their changes

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13
Q

James Hutton (

A

(1726- 1797)
Uniformitarianism
Scottish geo
Geological strata

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14
Q

Charles Lyell

A

(1795-1875)
Evidence of the antiquity of earth
Strata uniform
Geo

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15
Q

Robert Hooke

A

(1635-1703)

Determined that fossil wood was once alive

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16
Q

George’s curvier

A

(1769-1832)

Identified that diff fossils can be found in diff geo strata

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17
Q 
Carlous Linnaeus (1707-1778) 
N
A

Naming system for all living organisms

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18
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

(1766- 1834)
English political economist
Pop limited by food supply

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19
Q

Jean baptiste Lamarck

A

(1744- 1829)

Proposed that an organism can pass on features that were required during its lifetime

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20
Q

Alfred Russell Wallace

A

(1823-1913)

Independently arrived at some conclusions as Darwin

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21
Q

Gregor Mendel

A 
(1822-1884)
Mendelion inheritance 
Discrete units genes 
Diff versions:alleles 
Dominant and recessive
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22
Q

Thomas hunt morgan

A

(1866-1945)

Demonstrated that chromosomes carry genetic material in the form of genes

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23
Q

1856

A

Fossil hominid recovered in neander valley in Germany

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24
Q

Piltdown hoax (1912)

A

People were interested in their parts of the world

Found cranium but was a fake

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25
Homology
Evolved from same ancestor
26
Analogy
Structurally diff used for same reason
27
Mammalian features
``` Hair Mammary glands Middle ear One lower jaw bone Diphyodonty ```
28
Hair
When did we lose it? Dolphin doesn't have it
29
Mammary glands
Produce milk
30
3 middle ear ossicles
Malleus, incus, stapes | Transfer vibrations to inner ear
31
One lower jaw bone
Mandible | Needed for mammals
32
Diphyodonty
Baby teeth and permanent set
33
Medial
Towards mid line
34
Lateral
Towards outside
35
Proximal
Higher up
36
Distal
Lower down
37
Dentition
Incisors, canine, pre molars, molars
38
Prosimians
Naplorhines
39
Characteristics of prosimians
``` Reliance on smell Big eyes More primitive Eyes more lateral Most found in Africa, SE Asia ```
40
Lemurs
Madagascar Diurnal and nocturnal Mainly arboreal
41
What is the size range for lemurs?
From 10cm to 60cm
42
What is the life span of lemurs?
19 years
43
DF for lemurs
2133
44
Lorises
Found in India, Sri Lanka, SE Asia, and Africa Nocturnal Arboreal Quadrupedalism
45
Life span of lorises
14 years
46
DF of lorises
2133
47
Order primates suborder strepsirhini
Wet nose
48
Order primates | Suborder haplorhini
Dry nose
49
Tarsiers
Found in SE Asia | Nocturnal insectivores
50
DF of tarsiers
2133/1133
51
Tree shrew
DF: 2133/3133
52
Where are prosimians, old world monkeys, and apes found?
SE Asia, Asia, and Africa and SE Asia
53
What are primates?
Arboreal mammals- connection to trees Dietary plasticity- tend to eat pretty much anything Parental investment- spend a lot of time so their young more so mother
54
Enhanced touch
Dermal ridges Nails instead of claws Made with same protein as us: keratin
55
Enhanced vision
Forward facing eyes
56
Reduced smell
Lemurs: utiilizes longer snout Monkey: pushed in face eyes closer Baboon: has a longer snout bc of the canines
57
Diets and teeth
Older monkeys apes and humans: DF 2123
58
Nonhuman primates nonverbal cues
``` Hand gestures Facial expression Grooming behaviour Fights Hugs ```
59
Sociobiology
Studying social behaviours of biology
60
Harry Harlow experiments
Nature vs nurture Baby mackes were taken away from their mothers Mackes went to softness Infants grown up and could not connect to their children
61
Altruism
If your helping someone else out and your not getting anything from it
62
Mutualism
I'll scratch your back if you scratch mine
63
Advantages in group living
Living in a large group can be easier to defend each other | Predator can be spotted faster
64
Cambel monkeys
If they hear a warning call from a cambell money will pass on the exact sound If they hear a different call from a different monkey will be passed on but will have a different ending to the vocalization
65
Kanzi
Bonobo In his 30s Was taught how to use lexigrams
66
Koko
Gorilla Female in her 40s After robin Williams died made her sad
67
Wernickes area
Temporal region comprehensive
68
Broca's area
Frontal region mechanics of speaking
69
Polygynous
One male multi female Male very large Ex gorilla
70
Polyandrous
Fairly rare | Seen in new world monkeys
71
Multi male multi female
Idea of rank is important
72
All male
Juvenile males | Baboons, chimps
73
One male one female
Monogymous Don't see a lot of size variation Gibbons
74
Solitary
Males and females only interact for reproductive purposes | Orangutan
75
Infanticide
Male wants access to female but she has baby so kills off the infant
76
Good nutrition leads to
Earlier first birth Healthiest infants Short interbirth interval Longer life span
77
3 factors for successful feeding
Quality Distribution Seasonal availability
78
Suborder haplorhini
Indraorder antrhopoidea | Cranial sutures
79
Sagittal suture
Between parietal bone
80
Coronal suture
Between frontal and partial bones
81
Squamocal suture
Between parietal and temporal bone
82
Metobic suture
Right down middle
83
Timing of fontanelle closure in modern humans
1. Posterior fontanelle: 2-3 months after birth 2. Sphenoidal fontanelle: around 6m 3. Mastoid fontanelle: 6-18 months 4. Anterior fontanelle: 1-3 yrs
84
Pterion landmark
Right in the middle of the H of sutures (in front of temporal bones)
85
Carotid canal
Inferior (bottom) cranium
86
Nuchal crest
Neck Region of attachment for neck muscles On occipital bone
87
Optic canal
Hole in optic | Perhaps size difference connected to better vision
88
Super orbital foramen
Above orbit | Notch
89
Supraorbital torus
Brow ridge | Projects
90
Anthropoids
``` Larger brain Larger body size Increased use of vision Flat faces Longer gestation and maturation periods ```
91
Larger brain
Difference in connectivity | Difference in length of time this develops
92
Larger body size
Usually anthropoids over 1kg
93
Flat faces
Less of a need for smelling
94
Infra order anthropoidea
Parvorder platyrrhini | Parvorder catarrhini
95
Parvorder platyrrhini
New world monkeys | Broad noses with nostrils outward
96
Parvorder catarrhini
Old world monkeys Apes humans Narrow noses nostrils down
97
Platyrrhines
New world primates 2113 DF Some have prehensile tails (used their tails quite a bit to get around)
98
Superfamily ceboidea
Cebidae (marmoset, squirrel monkey, capuchin) | Atelidae (woolly monkey)
99
Capuchins
Range in size Quadrupedal 1 offspring 2133/2133 DF
100
Marmoset
Primitive Claws Mostly insectivorous Males involved in care of offspring
101
Lemur classification
Order primates Suborder strepsirhini Infra order lemuroidea Genus species lemur catta
102
Classification of tarsier
Order primates Suborder haplorhini Infra order tarsiiformes Genus species: tarsius spectrum
103
Loris classification
``` Order primates Suborder strepsirhini Infra order lemuriformes Superfamily lorisoidea Genus loris sp ```
104
Tree shrew classification
Order Scandentia Family tupaiidae Genus species tupaia glis
105
Superfamily cercopithecpidea
Widely distributed Arboreal/terrestrial Tougher skin on their butt
106
What is ischial callosities
Tougher skin on butt use to sit when their acquiring food
107
DF of superfamily cercopithecoidea
2123-2123
108
2 subfamilies of superfamily cercopithecoidea
Cercopithecinae | Colobinae
109
Cercopithecines
``` Mixed habitat More fruit in diet Provide model for behaviour of earliest hominins Sexual dimorphism Baboons, Macaques ```
110
Colobines
Arboreal Leaf eating African colobus, proboscis monkey
111
Homonoid classification
``` Order primates Suborder haplorhini Infra order anthropoidea Parvorder catarrhini Superfamily hominodea ```
112
Infra orbital foramina
On maxilla (what we saw in lab on face)
113
Sagittal crest
On top of head
114
Simian shelf
Apes teeth erupt a lot sooner so they have this extra bone
115
2 families of hominoidea
Family hylobatidae lesser apes- gibbons | Family hominidae- great apes and humans
116
Homonoids traits
Large bodied Large brained Broad faces Tailless
117
Gibbons
Family hylobatidae SE Asia Brachiators Monogamous
118
Orangutans
Found in Borneo and sumatra Solitary Diet consists of fruit sexual dimorphism
119
Orangutan classification
``` Order primates Suborder haplorhini Infra order anthropoidea Parvorder catarrhini Superfamily hominoidea Family hominidae Subfamily ponginal genus sp pongo pygmaeus ```
120
Gorilla
Africa, mountain areas of Uganda Knuckle walking Sexual dimorphism
121
Gorilla classification
``` Order primates Suborder haplorhini Infra order anthropoidea Parvoder cattarhines Superfamily hominoidea Family hominidae Subfamily gorillae Genus sp gorilla gorilla ```
122
Tribe panini chimpanzees
Africa Arboreal and terrestrial Highly excitable
123
Tribe panini chimps classification
``` Order primates Suborder cattarhini Infra order anthropoidea Parvorder cattarhini Superfamily hominoidea Family hominidae Subfamily hominidae Genus sp pan troglodytes ```
124
Bonobos
Republic of Congo | More arboreal
125
Bonobos classification
``` Order primates Suborder haplorhini Infra order anthropoidea Parvorder catarrhini Superfamily hominoidea Family hominoidea Superfamily hominoidea Genus sp pan paniscus ```
126
Thomas Huxley
1863 Evidence as to mans place in nature Looked at Skeleton
127
The march of progress
1965 illustration | Wouldn't be hunched over if we were bipedal
128
Darwins 4 key differences between apes
Quad vs bipedal Large canines vs small canines No tool use vs tool use Brain size
129
Genetic drift
Notice small difference in small pop vs bigger ones
130
Microevoltuion
Have evidence of evolution within 1 generation
131
Marcoevolution
Evidence of evolution through time

Archeology (4 decks)

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