MIDTERM- CHAP 5

Question 1

2 classifications:

Answer 1

Organically based SSD

Idiopathic SSDs: no obvious cause

Question 2

Childhood Apraxia of speech

Answer 2

a neurological childhood speech sound disorder in which the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired in the absence of neuromuscular deficits (abnormal reflexes, abnormal tone)

Question 2

Apraxia

Answer 2

an impairment in motor programming that specifically affects speech motor movements

Question 3

Dysarthria

Answer 3

characterized by slow and uncoordinated speech motor movements and is caused by different types of lesions, trauma, or diseases (can affect the respiratory, prosodic, phonatory, and articulatory systems)

Question 4

Prevalance

Answer 4

2.4% of children

Question 4

CAS: The Core Deficit

Answer 4

Break down in planning/ programming

Question 4

CAS Causes

Answer 4

Reflection of a known neurological condition (cerebral palsy)

Comorbid with known neurobehavioral disorders (f

Fragile X syndrome, galactosemia, or Rett Syndrome)

Most common origin of CAS is that the cause is unknown

Question 4

CAS: Diagnostic Markers

Answer 4

Inconsistent errors on repeated attempts at the same word

Difficulty with prosody in phrases and words

Lengthened a disrupted transitions between syllable and sounds

Question 5

Classification by Possible Etiology

Answer 5

Genetics, otitis media with effusion (early and frequent ear infections), psychosocial, motor speech involvement, speech error-sibilants and speech error- rhotics

Question 6

Comorbidity

Answer 6

Children often have multiple communication difficulties, such as SSD alongside language, voice, or fluency disorders.

Question 6

Classification by Psycholinguistic Deficit

Answer 6

May be classified based on where in the speech processing chain a problem is occurring

Question 7

Classification by Symptomology

Answer 7

Articulation disorder (consistent error on just a few phonemes),

Phonological delay (delayed resolution of common phonological processes),

Consistent phonological disorder (nondevelopmental consistent errors),

Inconsistent phonological disorder (nondevelopmental errors produced inconsistently).

Question 8

Reasons for Comorbidity:

Answer 8

Certain disorders can lead to others (e.g., unintelligible speech may cause voice disorders or language delays).

Communication involves multiple components (phonology, morphology, syntax, prosody, etc.), which may lead to overlapping difficulties.

Interaction between different aspects of language can cause challenges (e.g., producing morphological markers involves phonetic awareness).

Comorbid disorders may also occur purely by chance without a direct relationship.

Question 8

Understanding comorbidity is crucial for:

Answer 8

Identifying the nature of the problem (e.g., is it a speech sound issue or a language understanding issue?).

Determining the relationship between disorders (which disorder developed first?).

Predicting risk for more serious issues and literacy problems in children with multiple disorders.

Guiding intervention strategies (whether to treat disorders sequentially or simultaneously).