MIDTERM- CH1

Question 1

speech sound disorders

Answer 1

an umbrella term referring to any difficulty or combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, or phonological representation with speech sounds or speech segments - including phonotactic rules governing speech sound sequences in a language

Question 2

Delay

Answer 2

speech sound errors that are often noted as normal errors found in young children as they learn the proper use of sounds (lisps, misarticulations of /r/, sound substitutions and omissions of sounds)

Question 3

Deviance

Answer 3

errors not typically observed in young children’s development (lateralization of sibilants, backing of alveolars, vowel errors)

Delay often leads to deviance

If one area is delayed, it may lead to difficulties across several areas of development, resulting in deviant errors

Question 4

cause of the problem

Answer 4

for most children the cause of the disorder is unknown

Some have identifiable causes (hearing loss, cleft palate), but organic conditions do not always predict speech disorder types or treatment responses.

Speech sounds are just one aspect of language (phonology) among semantics, morphology, syntax, pragmatics, and discourse.

Children acquire these language components gradually and simultaneously, with an initial focus on meaningful utterances.

Accurate sound usage is crucial for a child’s intelligibility to listeners.

SLPs prioritize semantics and vocabulary first, then phonology, followed by grammatical rules (morphology and syntax), with pragmatics and discourse addressed later.

Difficulty with other aspects of language (vocabulary, syntax)

Question 5

importance of the problem

Answer 5

to make ourselves understandable

Children’s phonological awareness skills (or their ability to mentally manipulate the sounds and syllables in words) have been shown to impact literacy skills, and children with speech sound disorders are at risk for inappropriate development of phonological awareness and later literacy

Question 6

EBP

Answer 6

The services we provide are both effective (they actually work) and are efficient (they do so in the most cost-effective way)

requires the conscientious explicit, and judicious integration of Best available external evident from systemic research, best available evident internal to clinical practice, best available evidence concerning the preferences of a fully informed patient