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Systems Path 2 Midterm > Midterm Ch.14 Part 2 > Flashcards

Midterm Ch.14 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MC cause of esophagitis

A

Reflux aka GERD

25-40% of U.S. adults

Idiopathic LES dysfunction

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2
Q

What is associated with a “sour brash”

A

GERD

Thx. Antacids, dietary modification

MC G.I. Compliant

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3
Q

Infectious esophagitis MC develops following an

A

Ulcer

Also microbes
Fungal= Candida esophagitis
Viral- HSV, CMV

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4
Q

What is Mallory Weiss tear

A

Longitudinal esophageal tear

From forceful vomiting

Hematemesis

1/2 of all upper G.I. Bleeds

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5
Q

What is the MC hiatal hernia

A

Axial 95%

” bell shaped” dilation

AKA sliding

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6
Q

What is Non axial hiatal hernia

A

AKA rolling

Separate potion of stomach protrudes

Prone to strangulation or obstruction

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7
Q

Who’s is most at risk for hiatal hernia

A

70% occur in adults 70+

90% are asymptomatic

MC with non axial type

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8
Q

What is Barrett esophagus

A

Esophageal metaplasia at distal end

Pre-neoplastic lesion

10% of symptomatic GERD patients

Risks White ppl 30-100x, males 4x

Age 40-60

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9
Q

What are found in Barrett esophagus

A

Goblet cells

Get red velvety mucosa aka “tongues”

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10
Q

What is a leiomyoma

A

Benign smooth muscle tumor in the esophagus

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11
Q

Adenocarcinoma in the esophagus is

A

50% of esophageal cancers

Risks GERD, white, male, fat, tobacco

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12
Q

What is the MC esophageal tumor

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

MC world wide 90%

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13
Q

Adenocarcinoma with ealrly lymphatic invasion results in

A

Poor prognosis <25% 5 yr survival

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14
Q

Esophageal adenocarcinoma may have

A

Exophytic (raised lesion)

Flat or raised patches

Distal 1/3

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15
Q

Risks for squamous cell carcinoma

A

> 45yr old, males, black, HPV

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16
Q

Esophageal squamous epithelium cell carcinoma MC affects

A

Middle 1/3

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17
Q

What is melena

A

black “tarry” feces

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18
Q

What is MC infxn. Of stomach

A

Helicobacter pylori

19
Q

What is acute gastritis

A

Neutrophils will be present

Acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis

Pathogensis is multipfactorial

May be asymptomatic

20
Q

Acute peptic ulceration occurs from

A

Severe PHYSIOLOGICAL stress

High douses of NSAIDs

Intracranial disease

“Coffee ground” throw up

21
Q

Chronic gastritis involves

A

Upper abdominal discomfort

Hematemesis is RARE

H. Pylori, old age, stressors

Risk for producing peptic ulcer disease
Gastric adenocarcinoma

22
Q

Chronic gastritis results in

A

H. Pylori

Increased acid production

Epithelial metaplasia

23
Q

Autoimmune gastritis is

A

mc in elderly

Pernicious anemia= antibodies against parietal cells

24
Q

What is a “punched out” lesion

A

Peptic ulcer disease

25
Q

Where is peptic ulcer disease MC located

A

Proximal duodenum

Gastric antrum

MC in men

26
Q

When is peptic ulcer disease MC

A

At night 1-3 hours after eating

If perforation or hemorrhage happens MEDICAL emergency

27
Q

Presentation of duodenal and gastric

Peptic ulcer disease

A

Duodenal= postprandial relief

Gastric= worse postprandial

Eating does influence pain

28
Q

What is the MC gastric polyp

A

Inflammatory Hyperplastic polyps 75%

1cm age 50-60 H. Pylori

29
Q

Funding gland polyp

A

15% of cases

PPI use or FAP

30
Q

Gastric adenomas

A

10% of gastric polyps

Males 3x, age 50-60

30% are adenocarcinoma

31
Q

Dysplasia adenomas are

A

90% of all stomach cancers

MC in males around 55

Japan 20X risk

5yr survival early 90% vs. advanced 20%

32
Q

What is pyloric stenosis

A

Hypertrophy/ narrowing of pyloric sphincter

Dx. Shortly after birth

1 per 400 births

Projectile vomiting

33
Q

Vomiting from pyloric stenosis is

A

Fluid is NOT bile stained

Males, whites at risk, Turner syndrome

34
Q

Where is MC intestinal obstructions

A

Small intestine

35
Q

What is intussusception

A

A proximal segment telescopes into a distal segment

36
Q

What is a volvulus

A

Twisting a loop of bowel

Possible infarction

37
Q

What is Hirshsprung disease

A

Forms from defective neural crest cell migration

Lack of neurologic ganglia in rectum

Dx. Failure to pass meconium (48hrs)

Sever dilation of proximal bowels

38
Q

Hirschsprung disease MC in

A

Males, but MORE SEVERE when in females

39
Q

Chronic ischemic bowel disease

A

Mimics IBD, insidious, episodic bloody diarrhea

40
Q

Acute ishemic bowel disease has

A

Severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, frank blood in stool

50% mortality

Risk for septic or hypocalcemia shock

Risks= elderly, cardiovascular disease

41
Q

What is angiodysplasia

A

Vascular lesion

MC in cecum or ascending colon

20% of lower GI bleeds melena

Risk increases with age

Hypothesized development following constipation

42
Q

What is the MC G.I. vascular disorder

A

Hemorrhoids

43
Q

What is pruritus

A

Perinatal itching

Systems Path 2 Midterm (3 decks)

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