Midterm Art Review Flashcards

Question

white temple and Anu Ziggurat

Answer 1

most significant structure of its day. Could be seen from anywhere around. Bent axis approach (radial) you work your way up and spiral around as you get higher to the heavens. The rooms get more important as you get higher.

Answer 2

Neo Sumerian Culture. Priest King of Gudea and Votives of Gudea. Very religious. A depiction of peaceful power that brought life.

Answer 3

Hard stone that is difficult to carve into. It lasts very long.

Answer 4

Conquered the Babylonians then expanded through the fertile crescent and even to Palestine. Main power was at Hattusa. Thy may have been the first ones to work in iron,

Answer 5

Captial of the Assyrian Empire

Answer 6

Huge use of power and propaganda. Did this through hierarchy of scale and iconography of the egyptian gods. Created the 'idealized form' the egyption canon which was only used for important people. Have monumental architecture to assert your wealth and power. Maintained power through unifying of symbols (double crown, lotus and papyri plants) and portraying the leader as a descendent of the gods. There is a strength and stability that comes from consistancy. It's like a logo of a company. when the logo changes frequently, you forget who they are and your trust for them is not as strong as it could be. The Egyptians consistancy in style provides a strong form of identity as a strong and powerful nation.

Answer 7

Religion was heavily involved in everything they did. All the tombs and wall murals had to do with life after death, protection from the Gods, and their leader's decendency from the Gods.

Answer 8

Elements are based grid system of units, figure in pictures are in composite form. ips and shoulders frontal, head and legs in profile. frontal eye. Pharoahs have the crown, sceptors, kilt. Ex. Ti watching a hippopotamus hunt, Menkaure and his wife, queen Khamerernebty II,

Answer 9

Palette of Narmar Egypt: Old Kingdom Thought to perhaps hold makeup

Answer 10

Stepped Pyramid of Doser Egypt: Old Kingdom Made by Imhotep

Answer 11

Great Pyramid of Khufu Egypt: Old Kingdom stil has limestone capstone

Answer 12

The mastaba--stepped pyramid (imhotep)--broken Pyramid--Red Pyramid--Bent Pyramid--Pyramids of Giza (perfect pyramids at 51%) Pyramids of giza are for menkaur, khufu, and khafre

Answer 13

Important figures were shown in idealized forms, pharoah was always portrayed the same way. You see this with the woman pharoah who was still portrayed as a man. You also see it in cleopatra and greek rulers. THough they were greek, they were portrayed as Eygyptian, with all the necessary symbols. Less significant people could be a little more realistic, like the seated scribe.

Answer 14

Menkaure and Wife Egypt: Old Kingdom

Answer 15

Ti watching a Hippapotomus hunt Old Kingdom Egyptian wall painting

Answer 16

New kingdom is Egypt's 'rebound' era of tombs templs and pharaohs. Differences ? Similarities: Idealized form. Pharaonic Symbols Main Figures: Ramses II, Hatshepsut, etc.

Answer 17

Colossal Figure of Ahkanaten Egyptian: New Kingdom

Answer 18

Bust of Nefertiti

Answer 19

Death Mask of King Tut Egyptian: New Kingdom King Tut wasn't Pharoah for very long and his tomb was rather insignificant. Probably the reason it wasn't raided completely. His modest tomb was richly adorned and gives us an idea of the immense wealth of Egypt. His signifigant contribution was that he brought the style back to traditional Egypt. His face was sqyare, not rounded, and he has the flail (symbolic of lower egypt) and his crock (which is symbolic of upper Egypt) The snake: figures could come in and out of the afterlife.

Answer 20

Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbal Egyptian: New Kingdom

Answer 21

Judgement of Hunefer before Osiris/Book of the Dead How does the book of the dead play out in Egyptian art? Go through the images, what do they mean? What was the book of the dead for? Put in the sarcophogus to guide the person through the afterlife.

Answer 22

Led the first archaelogical expedition in Egypt.

Answer 23

Stone tablet containing Egyption Hierogliphs, Demotic script, and Greek script of the same text, which led to the translation of Egyption Hieroglyphs.

Answer 24

pictoral form of Egyptian writing, probably known only gy priests

Answer 25

upper=southern Egypt, bowling cap crown, Lotus lower=northern Egypt, butterfly tongue crown, papyrus They were united by Narmar

Answer 26

ideal proportions were very uniform; height and body proportions were a specific number of squares high

Answer 27

also composite perspective. The shoulders, hips, and eyes are frontal, but the head and legs are in profile.

Answer 28

Crown, fake beard, pharaonic kilt, the God Horus, the crook and flail

Answer 29

literally 'city of the dead' a group of mastabas at the edge of the desert on the west bank of the Nile (because the land of the dead was to the west)

Answer 30

Ankh, breath of life, symbol of eternity

Answer 31

ka is the life force of a person, but it needs a body to reside in. Everything was done to preserve the body for this purpose. The Ka statue was a back up plan in case anything happened to the body.

Answer 32

a small sealed room in a mastaba which held the ka statue of the deceased and a chapel for relatives to mourn and give offerings.

Answer 33

Horus God of the sky, war, and hunting. Often associated as the God of the pharaohs

Answer 34

most common tomb structure during early dynastic egypt. It is flat topped, one story, with slanted walls, and with an underground burial chamber.

Answer 35

Pyramid built by Pharaoh Sneferu before there was a uniform angle for pyramids; it starts at about a 55 degree andgle but possible, due to instability, it was changed to 43 degrees part way through building.

Answer 36

A stone coffin. Often rectangular and decorated with relief scultpure. Most egyptian kinds were buried in these.

Answer 37

'Condemnation of Memory' for some reason, after Hatshepsut's son took power, she was removed from the walls; symbolizing her being removed from their memories.

Answer 38

the monumental gateway to an Egyptian temple

Answer 39

The heart of the Theban Necropolis and home of the tomb complexes of the pharaohs of the New Kingdom.

Answer 40

English archaeologiest who rediscovered King Tut's tomb in 1922

Answer 41

Rulers of Egypt after the death of Alexander the Great.

Answer 42

These are the death masks of certain mummies during Roman occupancy of Egypt. Egyptians continued burying their dead despite Roman cremation. During this time, the death masks were painted on wood using Encaustics--which is a pigmented wax technique.

Answer 43

Solomon's temple layout outer court and inner court. ONly high priests in the inner court. Offer burnt offerings at altar of sacrifice. Bath in the brasen or molten sea--which rested on the back of 12 oxen. There was a porch or entrance to the temple held up by jachin (he establishes) and boaz (strength). The most sacred part of the temple is in the Holy of Holies. THis is behind the veil. The ark of the covenant was kept there. This is where God was said to appear.

Answer 44

They were commanded to have no other God's before God. Whenever a city was conquered, they were to destroy their idols. Instead of creating golden calves, they were to be living God's law. They were to have their tabernacle. They were to offer sacrifice to God.

Answer 45

Prophet sent to Ninevah, the capital of Assyria. This was an intimidating task.

Answer 46

During Judah's captivity in Babylon under the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, Daniel served the king. This is the Daniel who refused to eat at the kings table. He also interpreted Nebuchadnezzar's dream of the four kingdoms. During the overtake of the Persians, King Darius appoints Daniel to high authority. Jealous enemies accuse him of worshipping God instead of the king, and Daniel is thrown into the lion's den.

Answer 47

"Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image..." reason why there isn't very much art from ancient Israel

Answer 48

Jerusalem is supposedly the land promised by God to the Israelites. Because of it's location and also it's religious signifigance to Jews and Muslims alike, it has long been the point of much political contension and wars. Also the site of Solomon's temple.

Answer 49

Location of the sacrifice of Isaac. Mount Moriah is supposedly identical to the temple mount.

Answer 50

Second king of the United Kingdom of Israel. Warrior, poet, and musician. Gathered materials for the temple, but his sins deemed him unworthy to build it.

Answer 51

Builder of the first temple. Figure of wisdom wealth and power. His sins eventually led him away from God as well.

Answer 52

Meaning, he establishes, and strenght. Pillars at the porch or entry of the temple.

Answer 53

A large basin on the backs of twelve sculpted oxen. This was for the ritualistic washing of the priests before entering the temple.

Answer 54

The mercy seat. Kept in the HOly of Holies. Contained precious religious relics. Ornately designed with sculptures of cheribum.

Answer 55

religious emblem used in ancient temple serices. Probably derived from the tree of life.

Answer 56

1. Cycladic 2. Minoan 3. Mycenaean 4. geometric period 5. orientalizing period 6. archaic period 7. classical greek style and the cannon of Polykleitos 8. late classical period 9. Hellenistic period

Answer 57

Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures. Rich in Marble. Marble is softer than other rocks. This period included the female figure and the seated harp figure which have very stylized features. The female figure is symmetrical and was found in a tomb which could be a representation of the dead or protectors. It was never meant to stand. The seated harp figure was stylized and engaged in activities.

Answer 58

Standing Figure: Cycleadic art. Put in tombs.

Answer 59

Palace at Knossoss influenced the mainland with trade. They were able to have contact with Egypt and the middle east. the palace had big courtyards for religious purposes, commerce, etc. Bays of windows and open stairways to let light in. There were no walls guarding them. They had to be open to welcome trade. They even had plumbing and bathtubs.

Answer 60

Toreador Fresco Bull leaping Art on the floor of important buildings. This was on the floor of the palace at knossos.

Answer 61

Lion Gate of Mycenae. Lions built in the relief triangle. They built fortresses instead of palaces. They were a more war based people and so their defence was impecable. They used corbelling a lot in their arcitecture, especially in tombs.

Answer 62

Mask of Agamemnon Mycenean Discovered in tombs.

Answer 63

Trade on the ports of Argos and Corinth accelerated change and developement in ancient greece. greeks adopted the phonecian alphabet and other attributes of different cultures. through Greek history we see them exploring and adopting these cultures eventually forming their own unique identity.

Answer 64

Diplon Vase: Geometric period. The dipylon vase is a krater vase. It uses basic geometric shapes and patterns to make it extremely decorative. These vases were used as grave markers. People poured libations in and it would eventually sink into the grave.

Answer 65

They borrowed sylized beards/hair and big eyes from artists of the Ancient middle east. They also used geometric shapes and rosettes and filled all the space with these decorative symbols. Not sure if this would fall in orientalizing category, but they borrowed some of the Egyptian ideal cannon. The figure work in vases and sculptures were in very much twisted perspective positions, or had that left front forward stance.

Answer 66

This is most easily seen in the archaic smile. This was an important step in greek scultpure and architecture because it showed the greeks desire to reflect a lifelike quality in their artwork. Everything else they had up to this point may have been borrowed, but this smile shows their true desires beginning to come out.

Answer 67

Met Kouros example of arcahic period. Has the body and stance of the Egyptian artwork. Has the stylized hair and brow of the middle eastern art. Unlike the symbolism used in Egyptian and Middle eastern artwork, he is in the nude. This will set a trend for greek art.

Answer 68

Peplos Kore Archaic--archaic smile. Breaking away from that egyptian stance a little bit. Still has stylized hair, but it is a touch more lifelike. Most importantly, she has that smile.

Answer 69

Achilles and Ajax playing dice Archaic Period, Exekias also example of geometric Amphoric vase. Black figure style. Intricate geometric shapes fill the spaces on this vase. It is a reminder of what era we are emerging from. Exekias was a great artist who seemed to favor ajax as his art subject. This is almost an ironic scene, seeing achilles as victor just before he dies in battle. Seeing these humans in a casual moment as the main subject, instead of the Gods, is a sign of the humanistic direction the greeks will head with their work.

Answer 70

Classical Greek Kritios boy marble statue is the beginning of the use of contropossto. Which refers to the lifelike stance given to greek scultpures. This is really when we begin to move away from egyptian ideal and stiffness into the fluidity of what the great greek works are all about.

Answer 71

Riace Warrior A Classical Period bronze This shows that while the rigidity of egypt and past works is fading away, the idealism is not. The athletes body is certainly ideal. There is great attention given to detail and though they cannot pain the bronze they do what they can for color by inlaying copper, bone, silver, and other materials, into the lips, nipples, eyes and teeth. The eyelashes are also intricately detailed. This work was preserved from being melted down and sold becuase of a natural disaster.

Answer 72

The three revelers Classical Greek Euthymideds red figure amphoric These revelers are a reflection of the humanistic subject and quality of greek works. The red figure style itself reflects the greeks desire for realism. It allowed more detail and reflection of real life in their works. They're natural reveling movement too, moves us further and further from the stiffness of past civilizations.

Answer 73

Cannon of Polykleitos (Doryphorus) Classical Greek This was the seven headed structure that was the cannon of high classical greece. This was the ideal, and it is reflected throughout classical works.

Answer 74

Parthenon Classical Greek Iktinos and Kallikrates The parthenon was built on top of ruins after Athens had been attacked. At first they were set on never rebuilding, but Periklese convinced them to rebuild as tribute to Athena who had helped them in their victories. He commission Iktinos and Kallikrates to build it. They embezzled money to do so, as the expense was great. This embezzlement led to the later downfall of Athens.

Answer 75

Temple of Athena Nike Classical Greek Kallikrates This temple built to the goddess of victory was built almost like a hopeful wish during a time when athens was being attacked. This is the temple which bears the famous sculpture of Nike adjusting her sandal.

Answer 76

three goddesses classical greek phidias This was sculpted on the frieze of the parthenon. Phidias expertly reveals and conceals the female figures of these goddesses with this drapery.

Answer 77

marshal and maidens classical greek phidias Phidias was the scultpure in charge of the parthenon. This structure was filled with subleties of artistic vision and administrative skills which reflected his expertise.

Answer 78

porch of the maidens classical greek

Answer 79

Hermes and the infant dionysys late classical greek praxiteles

Answer 80

aphrodite of cnidos late classical greek praxiteles

Answer 81

Apoxyomenos (the scraper) late classical greek lyssipos

Answer 82

alexabder the great (scultpure) late classical greek lyssipos

Answer 83

theatre at epidauros

Answer 84

Athena attacking the giants

Answer 85

dying gaul

Answer 86

venus de milo

Answer 87

nike of samothrace

Answer 88

lacoon and sons

Answer 89

the seated boxer