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FCM 2 > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 types of qi

A

1-zhen qi (true/right qi) - basis for all other types of qi in the body
2-zong qi - chest/ancestral qi
3-zheng qi - upright qi
4-wei qi - defense qi
5- ying qi - nutritive/construction qi
6-zhong qi - middle qi; spleen and stomach

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2
Q

what is zhen qi

A

(true qi/right qi)”active part of the essence”“the product of what is received from heaven combined with grain qi and which makes the body full”

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3
Q

what is zong qi

A

(chest qi/ancestral qi/gathering qi)-gathers in the “sea of qi”-pervades the respiratory tract-controls breathing and penetrates the heart and vessels-drives the heart and regulates the pulse

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4
Q

zong

A

ancestor, root, source, clan, gather, converge

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5
Q

the warmth and movement of the limbs is largely dependent on what kind of qi?

A

zong qi”ancestral qi penetrates the heart and the vessels, driving the heart and regulating the pulses. Thus, the circulation of qi and blood and the temperature and movement of the limbs are largely dependent on it.”

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6
Q

the strength of a pulse is related to the strength of what kind of qi?

A

zong qi”ancestral qi penetrates the heart and the vessels, driving the heart and regulating the pulses.”

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7
Q

where does wei qi circulate?

A

outside the vessels; unable to be contained by vessels in the exterior through skin and flesh

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8
Q

what are characteristics of wei qi?

A

fierce, bold, and uninhibited

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9
Q

what is the wei qi’s function in the chest and abdomen?

A

to warm the organs

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10
Q

what kind of qi regulates the opening and closing of interstices?

A

wei qi

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11
Q

what kind of qi keeps skin lusterous and healthy?

A

wei qi

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12
Q

what kind of qi protects the flehy exterior and is the first line of defense against invading evils?

A

wei qi

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13
Q

what is ying qi & what are its functions?

A

(constructive/nutritive qi)fxns:forms blood, flows in the vessels with the blood, helps to nourish the entire body

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14
Q

what is zhong qi and what are its functions?

A

(central qi/qi of the middle) qi of the spleen and stomach fxns:upbears pure downbears turbid

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15
Q

what is zheng qi

A

(upright qi) the active aspects of the body (organs, blood, essence) that form qi to maintain health and resist disease.usually only used in discussing the body’s response to a pathogen

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16
Q

what is wei qi?

A

defensive qi

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17
Q

what are the pathologies of qi?

A

vacuity, fall, stagnation, counterflow

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18
Q

causes of qi vacuity

A

enduring illness, old age, weak constitution, malnutrition, or taxation fatigue

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19
Q

what is qi vacuity characterized by?

A

physical weakness/lack of strength

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20
Q

shortness of breath and faint voice are are associated with…

A

lung qi vacuity

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21
Q

poor appetite and indigestion are associated with…

A

spleen-stomach qi vacuity

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22
Q

enuresis and seminal efflux are associated with…

A

kidney qi vacuity

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23
Q

aversion to wind and a susceptibiluity to common colds are associated with…

A

defense qi vacuity

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24
Q

what is qi fall?

A

an advanced condition of qi vacuity; downward falling of qi leading to prolapse; mostly occurs in diseases of the spleen (the qi of the spleen normally bears upward)

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25
Q

what is qi fall characterized by?

A

dizziness, distention, fullness in the stomach duct, endring diarrhea, and prolapse of the rectum/uterus

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26
Q

what is qi stagnation

A

disruption of the normal flow of qi in any area of the body

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27
Q

what is qi stagnation caused by?

A

emotional constraint, dietary irregularities, contraction of external evils, trauma

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28
Q

what is qi stagnation characterized by?

A

local pain, distention, feelings of oppression, distending pain (pain that is associated with feeling of fullness), flucuating intensity, unfixed location, tenesmus (the urgen desire to defecate, with difficulty in defecation characterized by heaviness or pressure in the rectum.

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29
Q

if qi stagnates in the chest/rib-side, what will one experience?

A

those areas will be painful and distended

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30
Q

if qi stagnates in the liver channel, what will one experience?

A

painful swelling of the breasts and distention or sagging pain in the lesser abdomen

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31
Q

what is counterflow qi

A

denotes stagnation and counterflow ascent of qi that normally bears downwards. usually occurs in disorders of the lung and stomach.

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32
Q

counterflow qi in lung =

A

cough, hasty breathing, wheezing

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33
Q

counterflow qi in stomach =

A

nausea, vomitting, hiccough, belching, gerd

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34
Q

how to make qi

A

qi of grain & water (Gu Qi) - enters the stomach, transformed by spleen+great qi (Da Qi) - air drawn into lungs+essential qi (combined congenital and acquired) - motive force for all physiological activities / stored in KD

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35
Q

what is the relationship between the heart and blood?

A

the heart governs bloodblood flows through the vessels and is pumped by the heart

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36
Q

what is the relationship between the liver and blood?

A

the liver stores bloodwhen the body moves, the blood flows though the channels; when the body rests blood returns to the liver where it is stored

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37
Q

what is the relationship between the spleen and blood?

A

the spleen manages bloodblood is prevented from spilling out of the vessels by the containing power of the spleen

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38
Q

what are the pathologies of blood?

A

blood vacuityblood stasisblood heat

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39
Q

what causes blood vacuity?

A

heavy blood loss, diminished blood production, impairment of the blood’s nourishing function.may occur as a result of impaired spleen-stomach M&Tmay also result from failure to eliminate static blood and produce new blood.

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40
Q

what are signs and symptoms of blood vacuity?

A

dizziness, palpitation, lusterless complexion, pale lips and tongue, fine pulse, insomnia, flowery vision, hypertonicity (stiffness, tension, spasm), dry skin, dry/lifeless hair

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41
Q

what is blood stasis?

A

impairment of the smooth flow of blood

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42
Q

what is blood stasis caused by?

A

stagnation or vacuity of qi that impairs the free flow of blood, blood cold that causes congealing and stagnation of the blood, blood heat that “boils” the blood, and trauma that causes extravasation of the blood such as internal hemorrhage and contusion.

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43
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of blood stasis?

A

dull, dark facial complexion, green-blue or purple lips and tongue, stasis speckles on the tongue, a fine or rough pulse AND painful swelling and stabbing pain of a fixed location.

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44
Q

what is blood heat?

A

a disorder resulting from a heat toxin (evils causing acute febrile disease characterized by sudden shivering, high fever, headache, vomiting, vexation, agitation, & thirst…etc.)

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45
Q

what are two major signs of blood heat?

A

bright red bleeding and maculopapular eruptions (macules are usually red colored patches that are unraised above the surface of the skin and vary in size. papules are like grains of millet in shape and size, that are raised above the surface of the skin.)

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46
Q

5 body constituents

A

sinews [tendons/ligaments] (wood; LV)vessels (fire; HT)muscles [aka flesh] (earth; SP)body hair & skin (metal; LU)bone (water; KD)

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47
Q

skin

A

Pi; refers to skin and body hair; related to the lung; protects the body, regulates body fluids (lung regulates waterways through proper diffusion and downbearing), regulates body temperature (through opening and closing of pores)

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48
Q

muscles

A

Ji Rou; spleen governs flesh and four limbs; muscles/flesh are nourished by blood (though M&T of the spleen, blood is created); protects viscera - spleen qi holds the viscera in place

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49
Q

sinews

A

Jin; governed by liver; allows joints to bend and stretch (think of wood aspect bending and straightening)

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50
Q

Bone

A

Gu; kidney governs bone and engenders marrow, therefore the strength of bones depend upon the strength of the kidney; protects the viscera; holds marrow

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51
Q

Blood Vessels

A

Mai; heart governs blood and vessels; transports qi and blood; transports ying qi (construction qi)

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52
Q

where do all yang channels converge at

A

at the head at du 20

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53
Q

what are the 7 orfices

A

2 eyes, 2 ears, 2 nostrils, 1 mouth

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54
Q

when a cold enters through the neck, what symptom may one experience

A

stiff neck

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55
Q

what organ is related to facial complexion

A

the heart

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56
Q

back shu points are related to

A

specific organs

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57
Q

what body region is prone to muscular issues and fluid stagnation

A

neck and nape

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58
Q

the health of the kidney is reflected in what body region

A

lumbus

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59
Q

the chest is related to what kind of qi

A

zong qi / ancestrial qi

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60
Q

chest pain can be due to

A

heart qi vacuity, cold congealing (congealing vessels around heart), stagnant qi, and heart blood stasis

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61
Q

what body region houses the intelligence

A

the head

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62
Q

soft nodules in the nape and neck are related to

A

depression of qi and phlegm

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63
Q

hard modules in the nape and neck are related to

A

stagnation of qi and blood congealing

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64
Q

the UB channel travels where

A

along the entire back

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65
Q

lung absess

A

infection, puss, inflammation, destruction of tissue

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66
Q

what part of the body is considered the hypochondrium

A

axilla to 12th rib

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67
Q

what organs are related to the hypochondrium

A

liver and gall bladder

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68
Q

hypochondrium aka

A

ribside, flank

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69
Q

what diseases can lead to ribside pain

A

liver qi stagnation, liver fire invading the lung, shao yang disease

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70
Q

shao yang disease

A

pathogen is half in, half out, and the body is not strong enough to get the pathogen out. May occur after illness when one is not 100% better. One may experience alternating chills & fever.

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71
Q

what designates the low back/lumbus

A

from below 12th rib to gluteal region (includes sacrum)

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72
Q

lumbus is the house of the

A

kidneys

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73
Q

greater abdomen vs lesser abdomen

A

above umbilicus is greater abdomen, below umbilicus is lesser abdomen

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74
Q

what organ governs the flesh and four limbs

A

spleen, by M&T of blood to limbs

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75
Q

two lower yin

A

anus and genitals

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76
Q

what organ is related to the ear

A

the kidney

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77
Q

ear pathologies related to kidney

A

deficiency of kidney can result in hearing impairment or loss, & ear ringing

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78
Q

excess consumption of fatty, greasy food can lead to

A

dampness and heat

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79
Q

can damp heat be externally contracted?

A

yes

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80
Q

excess liver yang rising

A

yin can’t hold down yan; signs in the head

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81
Q

small intestine channel and the ear

A

SI channel enters at the ear and imbalances in the channel may affect the ears

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82
Q

major cause of pediatric ear infection is

A

damp heat caused by food stagnation because damp heat rises and clogs the ears

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83
Q

with liver blood deficiency one may experience

A

floaters, dry eyes, etc

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84
Q

wind and heat would form what sort of an eye pathology

A

tearing, burning, swelling, twitching

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85
Q

heat and dryness on a continuum so heat affects the eyes would lead to

A

dry eyes

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86
Q

spleen-dampness accumulation can feel like what as an eye pathology

A

“sand” in the eye

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87
Q

what organ governs the nose

A

lung

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88
Q

what channels are found to exhibit pathologies of the nose

A

lung and spleen

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89
Q

what is the relationship to the lung and kidneys

A

kidney governs water and the lungs are the upper source of water/governs water metabolism AND lung governs Qi and kidney is the root of Qi

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90
Q

what organ opens at the mouth

A

spleen

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91
Q

what channels enter the teeth and gums

A

ST and LI (yang ming). ST channel upper teeth and gums, LI lower teeth and gums

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92
Q

what organ engenders bone and marrow

A

kidney

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93
Q

what channels connect to the tongue

A

spleen and kidney

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94
Q

disorders of what orgas are often associated with changes in appetite or ability to taste

A

spleen and stomach

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95
Q

attack of wind-heat in the lungs could mean

A

sore dry throat

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96
Q

what organ opens in the tongue

A

heart

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97
Q

what is responsible for a healthy tongue coat

A

stomach qi

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98
Q

what organ controls the two lower yin

A

kidney

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99
Q

what are the 6 exogenous/pathogenic factors

A

wind, heat, cold, damp, summer heat, dry

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100
Q

what is considered the primary external pathogenic factor

A

wind because it easily combines with other pathogenic factors such as heat, cold, damp and also phlegm

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101
Q

how can untimeliness of climatic factors be a cause of disease?

A

in the summer, the yang qi flows closer to the surface, making it easier for interstices to open - allowing for sweating. In the winter the yang qi is dormant and the interstices are slower to respond.

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102
Q

what directions do wind travel; also what parts of the body does it attack first

A

up and outward; towards the head and extremities

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103
Q

when is wind most prevalent

A

spring, but can arise anytime

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104
Q

what is wind characterized by

A

sudden onset, rapid changes, and movement

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105
Q

what are signs and symptoms of wind

A

convulsion, tremor, shaking, dizziness, moving, pain, itching, spasms, muscle twitching

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106
Q

what are the three primary patterns of wind

A
  1. Liver wind stiring internally: caused by exuberance of LV yang &/or LV fire. 2. Extreme heat engendering wind: related to external pathogenic attack of hot nature. 3. Blood vacuity engendering: more room for yang to be exuberant; created in empty space in vessel with blood
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107
Q

cold pathogens are more prevalent in what season

A

winter, but can arise in other seasons

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108
Q

where will cold directly invade

A

abdomen and internal organs, particularly the uterus

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109
Q

what happens to the yang qi when cold invades

A

cold consumes the yang qi of the body giving rise to signs and symptoms of cold

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110
Q

signs and symptoms of cold

A

aversion to cold, crave warm drinks, white tongue coat, bright pale complexion, thin/watery/ copious excretions (from nose and urine), headache across forehead

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111
Q

cold contracts and constructs normal movement, leading to:

A

qi stagnation and blood stasis

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112
Q

when wind combines with cold, it forms

A

wind-cold

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113
Q

heat pathogens are more prevalent in what season

A

summer ex: summer heat

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114
Q

heat moves in what direction to cause what symptoms

A

upward direction causing red face, eyes, tongue, mental agitation

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115
Q

what organ is easily affected by heat/fire?

A

heart

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116
Q

relationship between heat/fire and wind

A

heat/fire stirs wind causing convulsions, seizures

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117
Q

does heat speed up or slow down movement

A

speeds up movement: causing rapid pulse and “reckless” blood

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118
Q

when wind combines with heat, it forms

A

wind-heat

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119
Q

symptoms of wind heat are

A

sore throat, sticky phlegm, fever, sweating, aversion to heat

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120
Q

T/F: all external pathogens can/may at some point transform to heat

A

T

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121
Q

heat/fire excess

A

red face, forcefull pulse, agitation, profuse sweating, full on fever

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122
Q

heat/fire vacuity

A

aka: empty heat. KD yin vacuity, flush face, heat in 5 centers, tidal fever in evening, rapid but forceless pulse

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123
Q

what season is damp most prevalent in

A

late summer

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124
Q

what organ is vulnerable to damp

A

spleen

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125
Q

how can damp arise

A

as a result from an EPF or be internally generated

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126
Q

what is damp characterized by

A

heaviness and turbidity

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127
Q

dryness is most prevalent in what season

A

fall

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128
Q

what organ is most susceptible to dryness

A

lungs

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129
Q

externally contracted dryness is related to what

A

environment: dry regions/weather, heated apartments in winter

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130
Q

internally contracted dryness is related to what

A

heat

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131
Q

summer heat is seen in what season

A

summer only

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132
Q

what direction does summer heat move in

A

upward as it disperses and consumes body fluids

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133
Q

summer heat-heat

A

exposure to extreme heat; heat stroke

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134
Q

symptoms of summer heat-heat

A

fever, thirst, vexation, no sweating, surging pulse, damage to fluids, shortness of breath, weakness, dry tongue

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135
Q

summer heat-damp

A

exposure to hot, humid weather

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136
Q

symptoms of summer heat-damp

A

fluctuating fever, fatigued limbs, loss of appetite, chest oppression, nausea/vomiting, sloppy stool, soggy pulse, slimy tongue fur, possibly scany red urine

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137
Q

the 7 affects

A

anger, sadness/grief, fear, fright/shock, anxiety/worry, joy, thought/overthinking

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138
Q

internal damage

A

prolonged periods of one or more of the 7 affects which cause damage to the vital substances (blood, qi, yin, and yang)

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139
Q

anger is associated with what zang organ

A

anger - liver. Causes liver qi to rise “so mad I couldn’t see straight”

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140
Q

what does anger do to qi

A

causes qi to rise

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141
Q

joy is associated with what zang organ

A

joy - heart. Causes qi to slow/slacken. Excess joy dissipates qi. Affects HT qi (palpitations, insomnia, mental disease)

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142
Q

what does joy to do qi

A

causes qi to slow/slacken. Excess joy dissipates qi

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143
Q

grief/sadness is associated with what zang organ

A

grief/sadness - lung. Dissolves and consumes qi. Excess grief causes qi to stop moving and stagnate in the upper burner. May lead to heat

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144
Q

what does grief/sadness do to qi

A

consumes it. Excess grief causes qi to stop moving and stagnate in the upper burner

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145
Q

worry/anxiety is associated with what zang organ

A

worry/anxiety - heart. Knots and stagnates qi

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146
Q

worry and anxiety does what to qi

A

knots and stagnates

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147
Q

overthinking/pensiveness is associated with what zang organ

A

overthinking/pensiveness - spleen.

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148
Q

fear is associated with what zang organ

A

fear - kidney. Qi descends and KD is weakened. Decreased ability to store essence

149
Q

what does fear do to qi

A

qi descends

150
Q

fright is associated with what zang organ

A

fright - heart. Disperses and scatters qi. Uproots shen and weakenes heart

151
Q

what does fright do to qi

A

disperses and scatters it

152
Q

shen

A

the conscious mind.

153
Q

what organ is associated with shen

A

the heart

154
Q

if the heart is not rooting the shen what are some symptoms

A

vexation, suceptibility to fright/anxiety, palpitations, insomnia or excessive dreaming

155
Q

po

A

corporeal soul or animal spirit. It is the aspect that provides the ability to move and sense our environment. It enters and exits with the essence

156
Q

what organ is associated with the po

A

the lung

157
Q

hun

A

ethereal soul.

158
Q

what organ is associated with the hun

A

the liver

159
Q

yi

A

intellect/reflection

160
Q

what organ is related to the yi

A

spleen.

161
Q

yi not rooted, what symptoms will be seen

A

decreased apetite, distention in abdomen, fuzzy headaches, fatigue

162
Q

The ability to think critically, ingest informaton and formulate new ideas is dependent upon what organ

A

spleen

163
Q

zhi

A

mind, will, determination. The strength of the zhi allows us to fulfill the vision of our higher selves (consciousness)

164
Q

what organ is assocated with the zhi

A

the kidney

165
Q

miscellaneous causes of disease

A

constitution, trauma, pestilential qi, insect bits, parasites, wrong treatment/medication

166
Q

pestilential qi

A

highly contageous diseases; result in epidemics ex:malaria, mumps.

167
Q

signs and smptoms of pestilential qi

A

intense heat, fever

168
Q

what kind of miscellaneous disease can lead to blood stasis and coma

A

trauma

169
Q

what kind of miscellaneous disease carries heat and can lead to itching, and swelling

A

insect bites

170
Q

what kind of miscellaneous disease can cause SP Qi deficiency

A

parasites

171
Q

what kind of miscellaneous disease is caused by iatrigenic causes or inappropriate doses

A

wrong treatment

172
Q

symptoms of a yin deficient consitution will appear like_

A

more yang in nature ie: redness, dryness. Prone to heat diseases and injury to muscles and tendons. Thin/thready pulse

173
Q

symptoms of a yang deficient consitution will appear like_

A

prone to cold/accumulation-type diseases. *cold congeals/constricts

174
Q

what are the three forms of dietary irregularities

A
  1. cold, raw or unclean food,
  2. voracious eating/overindulgence (especially in fatty, greasy, or sweet food)
  3. voracious eating/overindulgence
  4. overindulgence in alcohol and hot, spicy, food
175
Q

what are the factors that effect constitution

A

diet, overwork/lack of exercise, sexual activity, social/emotional

176
Q

what determines how well the body can defend against disease or susceptibility to disease

A

constitution

177
Q

phlegm and heat accumulation can occur when one lets what factor affect their constitution

A

pre-heaven/pre-natal constitution

178
Q

what pathologies can arise from poor diet

A

wind cold/wind heat, which may combine with damp

179
Q

physical overwork may lead to_

A

depletion of the KD leading to lumbar pain, seminal emission, weakness/lassitude

180
Q

mental overwork may lead to_

A

depletion of SP leading to digestive issues. May also lead to anxiety

181
Q

low back pain, knee pain, and heavy exercise are examples of

A

physical overwork that affects one’s constitution

182
Q

what determines the body’s basic state in the absence of illness

A

pre-heaven/pre-natal constitution

183
Q

wood constitution

A

blue-green complexion, small head, long face, broad shoulders, straight back, weak body but flexible, quick, sinewey, does well in spring and summer, problems in fall and winter because of the cold, prone to frustration/anxiety, hard working, likes things orderly

184
Q

fire constitution

A

thin face, pointy head, tend to be bald, creative, passionate, not materialistic, concerned about what other people think, tend to die young, slightly red complexion, thick back and spinal muscles, enlarged abdomen, sensitive in observation, not confident, good in summer and spring, not good in fall/winter

185
Q

earth constitution

A

thick muscles, slightly yellow complexion, big head, round face, nurturing, good in fall/winter, Not goot in spring, summer, friendly, can’t say no,

186
Q

metal constitution

A

square jaw, slightly pale complexion, narrow back and shoulders, work seriously and efficiently, can be isolated, my way or the highway, incorruptable (mindset), decisive, good in fall/winter, don_t like spring/summer

187
Q

water constitution

A

dusky skin color, dark complexion, complexion may lack luster, big head, big abdomen, likes movement, long/flexible spine, can be isolating, philosopher, introverted, deep, fearless, fluid when they move, insipid, secretive, purposely deceptive,find solitude within themselves

188
Q

excessive sexual activity will_

A

deplete KD essence and weaken the constitution

189
Q

what are the two categories of nourishing fluids of the body

A

jin & ye. [Really - Jinye, one word] mutually convertible because fluids can move from one state to antother

190
Q

jin

A

liquid, thin, mobile, more superficial, yang. Found in the surface, ears, nose, mucous membranes, sweat, urine

191
Q

ye

A

humor, thick, less mobile, more internal, yin in nature. Lubractes bowels and viscera, CSF, joints

192
Q

what are the two types of fluid pathologies

A

damage to fluids and humer desertion

193
Q

damage to liquids (as a pathology)

A

minor depletion of fluids. Temporary vacuity. Sx: dryness (throat, tongue fur, lips, tongue, nose)

194
Q

humor desertion (as a pathology)

A

major damage or depletion of fluids. Damage to yin humor due to prolonged illness - slower treatment. Sx: same as damage to liquids but more pronounced.

195
Q

phlegm

A

a pathological bi-product of other etological factors

196
Q

once phlegm is produced, what can happen

A

it can cause dysfunction and disease

197
Q

phlegm will _____ along a continuum

A

congeal

198
Q

organs involved in fluid pathology

A

lungs: rule the qi and maintain the waterways through rhythmic downbearing of lung qi and movement of fluids through the san jiao
spleen: T&T of jing essence of food and fluids. Upbears clear with stomach and downbears turbid
kidney: seat of physiological function (source of metabolic activity). warming fxn turns fluid to urine

199
Q

two types of phlegm

A

external/substantial:that which we cough up or blow out of our noses, can be seen on the exterior of our body
internal: phlegm that accumulates on the interior of the body can sometimes be seen as nodules. (aka insubstantial, but not good translation because it is NOT insubstantial)

200
Q

phlegm misting the mind/orifices

A

sx: depression, anxiety, psychosis. If affecting orifices then one will not have a clear perception of world around them

201
Q

prolonged vision damages

A

blood

202
Q

prolonged lying down damages

A

qi

203
Q

prolonged sitting damages

A

flesh

204
Q

prolonged standing damages

A

bones

205
Q

prolonged walking damages

A

sinews

206
Q

factors that affect pre-heaven constitution

A

strength of parent’s qi and jing, parents’ ages, gestational nourishment, emotions of mother while developing child, regular and appropriate exercise, sexual activity, diseases during pregnancy, medication with teratogenic effect, recreational drug use

207
Q

any disease or defect or symptomology that a person is born with, or that develops early in life will be related to the strength and vitality of:

A

jing essence

208
Q

sleep and recreational drug use are examples of

A

social and lifestyle factors that effect one’s constitution

209
Q

phlegm aka

A

phlegm-rheum or phlegm-water

210
Q

difference between fluids and water/rheum

A

fluids:(jin-ye) are the nourishing liquid substances of the body
water/rheum: the pathological collection of fluids in one area of the body due to non movement

211
Q

difference between phlegm amd water rheum

A

phlegm is thicker and more viscous while water (rheum) is thinner.
Water can collect in certain areas of the body (chest, skin, muscles)
phlegm can move anywhere via the SJ and mvmt of Qi

212
Q

phlegm can be produced by ANY improper function of what organs

A

SP, LU, KD

213
Q

where is phelgm made and stored

A

made in the SP and stored in the LU

214
Q

imbalances that may lead to phlegm accumulation

A

attack of exogenous influences
damange by the seven affects
overindulgence/malnutrition
distruption of qi/yang

215
Q

what is fire’s influence on fluid metabolism

A

fire does not affect the qi transformation process but can act on fluid metabolism directly
“phlegm is merely fire with form; fire is merely formless phlegm”

216
Q

what are sx of phlem in the LU

A

cough and wheezing, excessive phlegm and expectoration

217
Q

what are sx of phlem in the HT

A

stifling sensation in the chest and palpitations (heart is obstructed)

218
Q

what are sx of phlegm misting the orifices

A

unconsciousness, incoherent, and mental deficiency

219
Q

what are sx of phlegm-fire disturbing the heart

A

mania, possible epilepsy

220
Q

what are sx of phlem in the ST

A

nausea, vomiting, fullness, pain in the stomach and abdomen (due to stomach being unable to descend)

221
Q

what are sx of phlem in the meridians, tendons, and bones

A

scrofula, numbness, hemiplegia, bone spurs

222
Q

what are sx of phlem in the head

A

light-headed/feeling faint

223
Q

blood stasis

A

a condition in which blood fluid in part of the body is not moving. This includes blood in the vessels and blood that leaves the vessels and becomes stagnant inside the body

224
Q

what are some factors that lead to the formation of blood stasis

A

qi deficiency
qi stagnation
clots in the blood
heat in the blood
external injuries/trauma

225
Q

Qi is the _____ of blood

A

commander

226
Q

if qi is deficient, how will this affect the blood

A

if qi is deficient there may not be enough qi to adequately move the blood leading to blood stasis

227
Q

if qi is stagnant, how will this affect the blood

A

if qi is stagnant it cannot move blood leading to blood stasis

228
Q

substantial vs insubstantial phlegm

A

substantial is external, insubstantial is internal
(however the translation for “insubstantial” is not technically accurate)

229
Q

cold will cause the blood to_

A

contract and stagnate

230
Q

heat will cause the blood to_

A

congeal and lead to stasis

231
Q

what is the effect on blood when there is SP qi deficiency, heat and/or trauma

A

blood may be caused to move outside the vessels and stagnate in the body

232
Q

what are some general signs and sx of blood stasis

A

sharp/fixed pain which increases with pressure and possibly gets worse at night
masses and swellings - palpable in the muscles & may be observable, slightly blue, hard & fixed
internal masses
bleeding-dark purple; clotting in mentrual blood
thin/choppy pulse (deficiency), deep and wiry (qi stag), regular or irregular intermittent pulse

233
Q

sx of blood stasis in the heart

A

palpitations, stifling sensation in the chest and heart pain, cyanosis of lips and nails, in severe cases-mania

234
Q

sx of blood stasis in the lung

A

chest pain and hemoptysis

235
Q

sx of blood stasis in the stomach and intestine

A

pain in the epigastrium, vomiting blood, black stool (blood in stool)

236
Q

sx of blood stasis in the liver

A

hypochondriac pain, palpable abdominal masses

237
Q

sx of blood stasis in the uterus

A

lower abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities (dysmenorrhea, clotting dark red or purple flow, excessive bleeding)

238
Q

sx of blood stasis in the extremities

A

gangrene, ans possible subcutaneous hematoma

239
Q

the basic principles that guide the emergence of disease consist of what three principles

A
  1. insufficiency of right qu (zheng qi) is the internal factor in the emergence of disease
  2. evil qi (xie qi) is an essential prerequisite for the emergence of disease
  3. the outcome of the fight between zheng qi and xie qi determines whether or not a disease emerges
240
Q

what are the four factors in pathogenesis

A
  1. relative strength and weakness of the right qi and evil qi
  2. disharmony of yin and yang
  3. imbalances of qi, blood, and body fluid
  4. dysfunction of viscera, bowels and extraordinary organs
241
Q

what are the two main types of disease patterns

A

excess (shi)
deficiency (xu)

242
Q

zheng qi

A

right qi (jing, qi, blood, and fluids) compendium of the active aspects of the body (organs, blood, jing, fluids) and all forms of qi (yuan, construction, defense, organ, and channel) that come together to maintain health and resist disease

243
Q

xie qi

A

evil qi; including, but not limited to the 6 environments (referred to as the 6 evils when in excess in the body)
“any entity in its active aspect of harming the body”

244
Q

when the right qi is strong or the pathogen is weak_

A

the right qi wins the struggle and can fend off the pathogen; therefore disease does not emerge

245
Q

when the right qi is vacuous and the pathogen is strong_

A

evils wins the battle and can invade, disrupting natural interrelationships and disease may arise

246
Q

causes of excess disease patterns

A

six evils
epidemic pathogens
stagnation and accumulation of: qi, phlegm/water, food blood

247
Q

signs and sx of excess disease patterns

A

fullness, pain that does not like pressure, panting, wheezing, inhibited urination, vexation, or delirium

248
Q

what are sx of excess heat diseases

A

high fever, aversion to heat

249
Q

what are sx of excess cold diseases

A

constriction and pain, aversion to cold

250
Q

what are sx of excess disease in the heart

A

vexation, agitation, and in severe cases, delirious speech

251
Q

what are sx of excess disease lodged in the lung

A

panting, wheezing.
*if phlegm is exuberant, than rattling is heard on auscultation

252
Q

what are sx of excess disease lodged in intestines

A

bowel qi is not free, leading to distention, fullness and pain that is worse with pressure

253
Q

what are sx of replete water-damp evil

A

may block the formation of urine or inhibit the movement of urine

254
Q

what is the pulse like of an excess disease

A

full and forceful

255
Q

what may the tongue look like with an excess disease

A

thick and greasy tongue coat (if water turbidity or phlegm steams and rises)

256
Q

causes of deficient (xu) disease patterns

A

chronic diseases/consumptive diseases (diminish the vital substances and fluids) weakness develops over time. Chronic/consumptive diseases will weaken the right qi

257
Q

s/sx of vacuous yang qi

A

decreased functions in warming, transporting, protecting and holding leading to: pale facial complexion, physical cold with cold limbs, fatigued spirit with sob, spontaneous sweating, loose stool, frequent urination, pale tongue body

258
Q

s/sx of vacuous yin qi

A

malar flush afternoon, five centers heat, heart vexation and palpitations, night sweats, red tongue, with little or no fur

259
Q

pulse of dual vacuity of qi and blood

A

empty and forceless pulse, or thin and forceless

260
Q

external, hot and excess diseases are ascribed to

A

yang

261
Q

internal, cold and deficient diseases are ascribed to

A

yin

262
Q

what are the 4 basic patterns of yin/yang disharmony

A

excess of yang, excess of yin, deficienty of yang, deficiency of yin

263
Q

causes of excess heat

A

the hyperactivity of yang qi:
heat (or fire) or other yang pathogen
cold pathogen which has transformed into heat
emotional imbalances which can turn into heat
qi and blood stagnation turned into depressed heat
diet (spicy, greasy food, alcohol_) and improper use of warm herbs

264
Q

s/sx of excess heat

A

fever, aversion to heat, red face, red eyes, vexation and agitation, rough breathing, loud voice, bitter taste, desire for cold liquids, red urine, boud stool, red tongue body, yellow and dry fur, surging/rapid/forceful pulse

265
Q

causes of excess cold

A

cold, damp, yin pathogen
excessive consumption of raw cold food/herbs or cold medicinals

266
Q

s/x of excess cold

A

cold body and limbs, aversion to cold, pale tongue, pulse is slow and forceless

267
Q

causes of yang deficiency

A

congenital deficiencies (weakness of pre-heaven)
aquired deficiency (lack of nutrition, overexertion, or chronic disease [organ dysfunction])
old age

268
Q

s/sx of yang deficiency

A

bright white facial complexion, fatigue, lack of strength, fear of cold, cold limbs and body, lying curled up in fetal position, spontaneous sweating, arge and tender tongue body, slow forceless pulse

269
Q

causes of yin deficiency

A

congenital deficiencies, pathogenic yang that damages yin, unbalanced emotions (qi stag) that turn into fire and damage yin, chronic disease, overexertion, hot food/herbs, old age

270
Q

s/sx of yin deficiency

A

dryness, thirst, tidal fever, malar flush, heat of the 5 centers, night sweats, insomnia, tender red tongue with little or no fur, fine pulse

271
Q

in mixed patterns of deficient yin and yang, we assume that what organ is also either yin or yang deficient

A

Kidney

272
Q

T/F_deficient yin causes damage to yang & deficient yang causes damage to yin

A

TRUE

273
Q

deficient yin damaging yang

A

in longstanding cases of yin deficiency the attendant hyperactivity of yang can over time weaken the essential qi of the kidney and weaken the yang

274
Q

s/sx of deficient yin damaging yang

A

aversion to cold, cold limbs, deep weak pulse, heat signs caused by yin deficiency

275
Q

deficient yang damaging yin

A

in longstanding cases of yang deficiency essential qi of the kidney is damaged. This leads to generalized qi deficienty and an inability to produce yin fluid

276
Q

s/sx of deficient yang damagint yin

A

thin body, irritibility, dryness, heat signs in upper burner, cold signs from yang vacuity

277
Q

collapse of yin and yang

A

a situation in which either yin-fluid or yang-qi is suddenly and excessively lost.
The substance collapses.
Terminal stage of disease if not promptly and correcly treated death is imminent

278
Q

causes of collapse of yang

A

pathogen is so strong right qi cannot resist and yang suddenly collapses.
Yang qi is Constitutionally weak and with overexertion it collapses.
Excessive sweating, bleeding or diarrhea can cuase excessive loss of yang qi

279
Q

s/sx of yang collapse

A

profuse cold sweat, very cold limbs, sleeping in fetal position, listlessness, faint deep pulse

280
Q

causes of yin collapse

A

severe pathogenic heat
chronic pathogenic heat that consues/exhausts the yin fluid
severe bleeding, diarrhea, sweating, vomiting (anything that rapidly depletes yin fluid)

281
Q

s/sx of yin collapse

A

profuse sticky sweat, warm limbs, shortness of breath, thirst, irritability, rapid and faint pulse

282
Q

what are the two possible patterns that could arise with some imbalance of Qi

A

Qi Deficiency; Qi prolapse; Qi fall, Qi collapse
Qi Stagnation (excess condition): Qi depression; Qi counterflow/rebellious Qi

283
Q

what are the causes of Qi deficiency

A
  • Congenital deficiencies
  • Lack of acquired essence –> deficiency of original qi —> decresed organ fxn —> weak zheng qi / reduced resistance to invading evils
  • Chronic disease
  • Overexertion
  • Dysfunctio of lung, spleen, and kidney
284
Q

what three organs are most prone to qi deficiency?
what are these organs’ relationships to qi that will be lessened by qi deficiency?

A

lung, spleen and kidney
- lung governs qi and has a dual function of diffusion and depurative downbearing.
- Spleen governs movement and transformation of grain and water and distribution of its essence
- kidney stores essential qi, and is responsible for growth, development, and reproduction

285
Q

what are general s/sx of qi deficiency

A

fatigue, weakness, and forceless/soft/fine pulse
other signs include low voice, shortness of breath, and spontaneous sweating

286
Q

describe lung qi deficiency

A

the impairment of LU ability to govern qi.
s/sx: cough, asthma, wheezing, easily catch a cold, fluid buildup, facial edema

287
Q

describe heart qi deficiency

A

the inability to govern blood and vessels and store the shen
s/sx: palpitations, insomnia, anxiety

288
Q

describe spleen-stomach qi deficiency

A

diminished movement and transformation and center qi fall
s/sx: bleeding, prolapse, diarrhea, inability to process food leading to food stagnation, reduced appetite, distention in abdomen, indigestion

289
Q

describe kidney qi deficiency

A

impairment of essence storage, engendering marrow, and the qi transformation function of the kidney
s/sx: spermatorrhea, nocturnal emissions, scanty/difficult/decreased urination, tinnitus, aching lumbus/knees, reduced sexual function

290
Q

Would someone with qi deficiency feel better or worse with movement

A

They feel worse with movement. ex: as the day progresses, this person feels worse and worse

291
Q

what is the tongue and pulse of someone who is qi deficient

A

pale tongue, thin white coat / deep, forceless pulse

292
Q

what are the causes of Qi stagnation

A
  • emotional problems
  • phlegm, damp or food retention
  • injury
293
Q

what are the s/sx of Qi stagnation

A

pain and distention, varies in intensity and unfixed in location

294
Q

Would someone with qi stagnation, feel better or worse with movement

A

They feel better with movement. Ex: the person may have a strong headache in the morning but realize by the middle of the day that they feel better

295
Q

what are the organs prone to qi stagnation

A

Liver, lung, spleen & stomach

296
Q

why would the liver be prone to qi stagnation

A

the liver governs the free-coursing of qi

297
Q

what are the causes of Qi counterflow / rebellious Qi

A

anything that impairs the proper flow:
- emotional problems
- improper diet
- phlegm-fluid

298
Q

what are some s/sx of counterflow Qi / rebellious Qi

A

s/sx are dependant upon where the qi is stagnant:
lung: cough, wheeze, asthma, sneezing
stomach: vomiting, nausea, GERD (although occassionaly caused by the liver over acting on the stomach), acid reflex_.upper GI issues
liver: headache/distention, red face and eyes, prone to anger

299
Q

what are the causes of qi prolapse, qi fall, & qi collapse

A

severe and sudden depletion of qi

300
Q

what are s/sx of qi prolapse, qi fall, & qi collapse

A

diarrhea, prolapsed anus, bleeding (pale red & watery), excessive sweat, vomiting, profuse hemorrhage, hemorrhoids
in infants: depressed fontanel

301
Q

what are the three possible pathologies of blood

A

blood deficiency
blood stagnation
heat in the blood

302
Q

what can blood deficiency lead to

A

insufficient nourishment of flesh, channels, and organs

303
Q

what are the causes of blood deficiency

A
  • great loss of blood
  • deficiency of stomach and spleen (failure of movement and transformation)
  • lack of nutrients
  • chronic disease
  • blood stagnation (failure to eliminate and engender new blood)
304
Q

what are s/sx of blood deficiency

A

pale, whithered complexion, dizziness, flowered vision, pale tongue and fine pulse, palpitations, insomnia, and numbness of extremities
*similar signs as yin deficiency but we do not usually see heat signs with blood deficiency

305
Q

what are the causes of blood stasis

A

qi stagnation, qi deficiency, blood deficiency, cold, heat, hemorrhage/trauma

306
Q

what are the s/sx of blood stasis

A
  • pain-fixed and stabbing
  • masses and swellings ie: external or internal swelling or bruising
  • bleeding-generally dark purple or clotted blood ie: menstrual irregularities
  • general-dark complexion, dark tongue, fine pulse, dry lusterless skin
  • red speckles and macules ie: subcutaneous hemorrhage, spider veins and prominent veins on the abdomen (caput medusa)
307
Q

what can be said about excess and defieincy conditions and pressure

A

excess conditions do not like pressure, deficiency conditions do feel better with pressure

308
Q

what are the causes of blood heat

A
  • pathogenic heat/externally contracted disease (febrile disease)
  • emotional factors
  • internal imbalances that create fire which enters the blood
309
Q

what are s/sx of blood heat

A

bleeding (bright red) -in stool, vomit, urine, expectorate, nosebleeds, profuse menstruation
red tongue, thirst, vexation, rapid pulse

310
Q

what are the three types of dual disease patterns of qi and blood

A
  1. Qi stagnation and Blood stasis
  2. Dual vacuity of Qi and Blood
  3. Qi not managing Blood
311
Q

what are causes of a dual disease pattern of qi stagnation and blood stasis

A
  • blood stasis can cause qi stagnation
  • qi stagnation can cause blood stasis
  • qi deficiency
  • blood deficiency can lead to Qi deficiency then stagnation/stasis
  • blood heat cooking the blood
  • cold
  • trauma ie: external injury
  • related to LV (Stores blood and ensures movement of Qi)
  • related to HT as heart governs blood
312
Q

what are s/sx of qi stagnation and blood stasis

A

absence of menstruation, stasis clots in menstrual blood, abdominal pain during menstruation, or painful distension of the breasts.

313
Q

why do qi vacuity and blood vacuity commonly concur together

A

because blood is the mother of qi, blood vacuity gives rise to qi vacuity (and vice versa)

314
Q

what are some s/sx of blood and qi vacuity

A

SOB, lack of vitality, lusterless complexion, pale nails, dizziness, palpitations

315
Q

what is the cause of qi not managing blood

A

qi deficiency causing excess bleeding

316
Q

what are the s/sx of qi not managing blood

A

fatigue, lack of strength, pale tongue, soft soggy pulse

317
Q

what are the 4 reasons blood would move outside the vessels

A
  • qi deficiency-blood can’t be managed because person is deficient
  • heat-causes reckless movement of blood
  • stasis-pressure causes the blood to move
  • trauma-causes blood physically to move due to trauma
318
Q

what is ZHEN QI

A

True Qi (or also Yuan Qi)

319
Q

ZONG QI

A

ancestral qi / chest qi / gathering qi

320
Q

ZHENG QI

A

upright qi

321
Q

ZHONG QI

A

middle (SP & ST) qi

322
Q

which qi is the product of that which is received from Heaven combined with grain Qi, and which makes body full, according to Hwangdi Neijing?

A

Zhen or Ture Qi

323
Q

which qi gathers in the “sea of qi”? and pervades the respiratory track?

A

zong qi

324
Q

which qi controls breathing and penetrates the Heart and vessels?

A

zong qi

325
Q

which qi drives the Heart and regulates the pulses?

A

zong qi

326
Q

the health of Zong qi is reflected in the strength of _____ and in the ____?

A

breathing & voice

327
Q

the warmth and movement of the limbs are depended largely upon which qi?

A

zong qi

328
Q

which qi is fierce, bold, and uninhibited, and is unable to be contained by the vessels?

A

wei qi

329
Q

which qi warms the organs in the chest and abdomen, and in the exterior flows through the skin and flesh?

A

wei qi

330
Q

which qi regulates opening and closing of interstices and keeps the skin lustrous and healthy?

A

wei qi

331
Q

which qi protects fleshy exterior and is 1st line of defense against invading evils?

A

wei qi

332
Q

which qi forms blood, flows in the vessels with the blood, and help nourish the entire body?

A

ying qi

333
Q

which qi is this statement describing “The Middle Burner takes in qi, extracts its essence, and turns it into the red substance that is blood.”?

A

ying qi

334
Q

YING QI

A

construction qi / nutritive qi

335
Q

which qi upbears the pure and downbears the turbid, and the failure of damage of this function can lead to prolapse?

A

zhong qi

336
Q

which qi is the term usually used only in discussing the body’s response to pathogens (evil qi / xie qi)?

A

zheng qi

337
Q

qi vacuity usually refers to the vacuity of which qi?

A

zhen / yuan qi

338
Q

what are the functions of skin?

A

protects the bodyassists in regulating body fluidsregulates body temperature

339
Q

what are the functions of muscles?

A

protects viscera - spleen qi holds the viscera in place, strong abdominal muscles protect-together with the sinews and bones facilitates body movement

340
Q

sinews are related to which organ?

A

liver

341
Q

bones, muscles, and tendons are …?

A

pulleys and levers

342
Q

what allows the joints to bend and stretch?

A

sinews

343
Q

bone depends on the strength of the…?

A

kidney qi

344
Q

what are the functions of bone?

A

uphold the bodyprotects the visceraholds marrowworks with sinew and muscles to facilitate body movt

345
Q

all Yang converges where?

A

at the head (at bai wei du 20) called the Hundred Meetings

346
Q

which area is prone to muscular tissues and fluid stagnation?

A

neck, nape

347
Q

where doe the UB channel traverse?

A

the back

348
Q

which part of the body house the heart and lung?

A

chest (xiong)

349
Q

what are some causes of chest pain?

A

can be due to heart qi vacuity, cold congealing, stagnant qi, and heart blood stasis

350
Q

breathing issues, issues effecting the proper function of lung, phlegm turbidity and lung abscess can lead to what kind of pain?

A

chest pain

351
Q

rib side pain can be presented with…?

A

liver qi stagnation or liver fire invading the lung

352
Q

Shao Yang disease can lead to pain in what region of the body?

A

ribside pain

353
Q

where is the hypochondrium / ribside?

A

axilla to 12th rib

354
Q

where is low back / lumbus?

A

from below 12th rib to gluteal region

355
Q

lumbus houses the …?

A

kidney

356
Q

low back pain may be an indication of what?

A

kidney imbalance, generally deficiency

357
Q

excess consumption of fatty, greasy food can lead to what, and is related to which organ?

A

dampness and heat, which damages SP, and effect GB and LV (def of KD Yin, excess liver yang rising)

358
Q

what is a major cause of pediatric ear infection?

A

damp heat caused by food stagnation (spleen and stomach dampness)

359
Q

eyes can be affects by what other pathology besides liver pathologies?

A

kidney qi can affect visual acuitywind and heat can cause tearing, burning, swelling, twitchingheat and dryness spleen-dampness accumulation can feel like sand in the eye

360
Q

lung governs which orifice?

A

nose

361
Q

what are pathologies of nose with Lung and Spleen?

A

lung and spleen (tai yin channel): phlegm & dampness: SP creates it, LU stores it

362
Q

what are pathologies of nose with lung0kidney

A

kidney governs water and lung is upper source of water and governs water metabolism-lung governs qi and kidney is root of qi

363
Q

yang min channel enter the teeth and gums refers to which organs?

A

Stomach (upper teeth & gums)Large Intestine (lower teeth & gums)

364
Q

which organ controls the 2 lower yin orifices (anus & genitals)?

A

kidney

365
Q

abnormal discharge, leucorrhea, spermatorrhea, seminal emmision refers to malfunctioning of which organ? why?

A

kidneybc one function of kidney qi is to drive the transformation of fluids into urine, and disruption of kidney function (as may or may not be reflected in changes in lumbus) may lead to these pathologies.

366
Q

what is enuresis?

A

bed wetting

367
Q

which organs are assoicated with posterior yin?

A

-it’s ruled by kidney-anus opens to Large Intestine-Lung enters LI channel-Spleen forms stool

368
Q

Which qi is a compendium of the active aspects of the body (organ, blood, essence) that form qi to maintain health and resist disease?

A

Zheng qi (upright qi)

FCM 2 (5 decks)

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