Midterm

Question 1

Information Technology

Answer 1

any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and to support the information and information-processing needs of an organization

Question 2

Information System

Answer 2

collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose

Question 3

the purpose of an IS

Answer 3

to get the right information to the right people at the right time in the right amount and in the right format to support business processes and desicion making

Question 4

data

Answer 4

is sorted, processed or assembled to create information

when people apply learned criteria or learned expertise to information they create knowledge

Question 5

organizational strategy

Answer 5

a planned approach that the organization takes to achieve its goals and its mission statement

Question 6

competitive advantage

Answer 6

is an advantage over competitors in some measure such as cost, quality, or speed; leads to control of a market and to larger-than-ever profits

Question 7

business process

Answer 7

a collection of related activities that produce a product or service of value to the organization, its business partners and/or its customers

example:
accounting: managing accounts payable and receivable

Question 8

cross-functional process

Answer 8

a process that involves multilple divisions, each of which makes its part of the entire company workflow

Question 9

business process excellence (3)

Answer 9

Business process reengineering is a radical strategy for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of an organization’s business processes - clean slate

business process improvement is a more incremental approach, with lower risk and cost than BPR. - six sigma

business process management is a management technique that includes methods and tools to support the design, analysis, implementation, management, and optimization of business processes

Question 10

5 successful phases of BPI (Business process improvement)

Answer 10

define
measure
analyze
improve
control

Question 11

BPI (Business Process Improvement) vs BPR (Business Process Reengineering)

Answer 11

Low risk / low cost
Incremental change
Bottom-up approach
Takes less time
Quantifiable results
All employees trained in BPI

High risk / high cost
Radical redesign
Top-down approach
Time consuming
Impacts can be overwhelming
High failure rate

Question 12

competitive strategy

Answer 12

document’s a business’s approach to compete and how it will accomplish those goals, for example, in increasing market share

Question 13

Porter’s competitive forces model

Answer 13

new competitors

bargaining power of suppliers

bargaining power of customers

threat of substitute products or services

rivalry among firms in industry

Question 14

business-information technology

Answer 14

alignment is the tight integration of the IT function with the organization’s strategy, mission, and goals of the organization

the IT function directly supports the business objectives of the organization

Question 15

data governance

Answer 15

an approach to managing information across an entire organization

Question 16

data security

Answer 16

databases must have extremely high security meaures in place to deter mistakes and attacks since data is stored in one place

Question 17

data integrity

Answer 17

data must meet certain constraints, such as no alphabetic characters in a social insurance number field

no mistakes in data

Question 18

data independence

Answer 18

applications and data are not linked to each other so that all applications are able to access the same data

Question 19

Database Management Systems maximize

Answer 19

data security, data integrity, data independence

Question 20

Entity

Answer 20

is a person, place, thing, or event about which an organization maintains information. A record describes an entity.

Question 21

Primary key is

Answer 21

a field that uniquely identifies a record. Note that every record MUST have a primary key.

Question 22

Secondary keys are

Answer 22

other identifying fields that typically do not identify the file with complete accuracy.

Question 23

Foreign key field(s) are

Answer 23

used to uniquely identify a row of another table that is linked to the current table

Question 24

Big Data

Answer 24

data so large and complex it cannot be managed by traditional systems

Volume: computer-generated from many sources

Velocity: flows rapidly to/from within the organization

Variety: in addition to numbers and text, it includes images, sound, web-based content and others

Question 25

Knowledge management (KM):

Answer 25

a process that helps organizations manipulate important knowledge that is part of the organization’s memory

Question 26

Utilitarian

Answer 26

provides the most good or does the least harm

Question 27

rights

Answer 27

best protects and respects the moral rights of the affected parties

Question 28

fairness

Answer 28

treat all humans equally, or if unequally, then fairly, based on some defensible standard

Question 29

common good

Answer 29

respect and compassion for all others is the basis for ethical actions

Question 30

code of ethics

Answer 30

a collection of principles that are intended to guide decision making by members of an organization

Question 31

privacy, information privacy, privacy rights

Answer 31

Privacy is the right to be left alone and to be free of unreasonable personal intrusions.

Information privacy is the right to determine when, and to what extent, information about you can be gathered and/or communicated to others.

Privacy rights apply to individuals, groups, and institutions.

Question 32

Privacy policies/codes

Answer 32

are an organization’s guidelines for protecting the privacy of its customers, clients and employees

Question 33

Privacy in Canada: PIPEDA

Answer 33

basic principles:

accountability, identifying purposes, consent, limiting collection, limiting use, accuracy, etc.

Question 34

information security

Answer 34

refers to all of the processes and policies designed to protect and organization’s information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction

Question 35

human error

Answer 35

the higher the level of employee, the greater the threat he of she poses to information security

employees in two areas of the organization pose especially significant threats to information security: human resources and IS

Question 36

social engineering

Answer 36

an attack in which the perpetrator uses social skills to trick or manipulate a legitimate employee into providing confidential company information such as passwords

impersonation
tailgating
shoulder surfing

Question 37

intellectual property

Answer 37

is property created by individuals or corporations which is protected under trade secret, patent or copyright laws

Question 38

risk management 3 processes

Answer 38

risk analysis

risk mitigation

controls evaluation