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ADM 2372 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Organizational Strategy

A

is a planned approach that the organization takes to achieve its goals and its mission statement

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2
Q

Competitive Advantage

A

an advantage over competitors in some measure such as cost, quality, or speed; leads to control of a market and to larger-than-average profits

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3
Q

Business Process

A

a collection of related activities (inputs, resources and outputs) that produce a product or service of value to the organization, its business partners and/or its customers

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4
Q

Cross-Functional Process

A

A cross functional business process is one in which no single functional area is responsible for its execution. Multiple functional areas collaborate to perform the process

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5
Q

Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

A

a radical strategy for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of an organization’s business approach

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6
Q

Business Process Improvement (BPI)

A

a more incremental approach, with lower risk and cost than BPR.

Six sigma is a popular methodology for bpi

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7
Q

Business Process Management (BPM)

A

a management technique that includes methods and tools to support the design, analysis, implementation, management, and optimization of business processes

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8
Q

Competitive Advantage

A

helps a company function profitability within a market and generate larger-than-average profits

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9
Q

Strategic Information System

A

provide a competitive advantage by helping an organization implement its strategic goals and improve its performance and productivity

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10
Q

Porter’s Competitive Forces Model

A

Threat of entry of new competition

the bargaining power of suppliers

the bargaining power of customers

the threat of substitute products or services

the rivalry among firms in an industry

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11
Q

Business Information Technology Alignment

A

the tight integration of the IT function with the organization’s strategy, mission, and goals of the organization. That is, the IT function directly supports the business objectives of the organization

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12
Q

Utilitarian

A

provides the most good or does the least harm

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13
Q

Rights

A

best protects and respects the moral rights of the affected parties

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14
Q

Fairness

A

treat all humans equally, or if unequally, then fairly, based on some defensible standard

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15
Q

Common Good

A

respect and compassion for all others is the basis for ethical actions

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16
Q

Code of Ethics

A

a collection of principles that are intended to guide decision making by members of an organization

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17
Q

Three Ethical Areas in IT

A

Privacy: about collecting, storing, and disseminating information about individuals

Accuracy: involves the authenticity, fidelity and accuracy of information that is collected and processed

Property: involves the ownership and value of information

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18
Q

Privacy Codes

A

organization’s guidelines for protecting the privacy of its customers, clients and employees

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19
Q

PIPEDA

A

accountability, identifying purposes, consent, limiting collection, limiting use, accuracy, safeguards, openness, individual access, challenging compliance

The Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act is a Canadian law relating to data privacy. It governs how private sector organizations collect, use and disclose personal information in the course of commercial business

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20
Q

Database Management Systems (DBMS)

A

creates and manages a database

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21
Q

Entity

A

is a person, place, thing, or event about which an organization maintains information. A record describes an entity

22
Q

Instance

A

is one specific, unique representation of the entity

23
Q

Attribute

A

is a characteristic or quality of a particular entity

24
Q

Primary Key

A

is a field that uniquely identifies a record

every record MUST have a primary key

25
Q

Secondary Keys

A

are other identifying fields that typically do not identify that file with complete accuracy

26
Q

Foreign Key

A

fields are used to uniquely identify a row of another table that is linked to the current table

27
Q

Characteristics of Big Data

A

volume

velocity

variety

28
Q

Information Security

A

refers to all of the processes and policies designed to protect an organization’s information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction

29
Q

Social Engineering

A

an attack in which the perpetrator uses social skills to trick or manipulate a legitimate employee into providing confidential company information such as passwords

30
Q

Risk Mitigation and Strategies

A

Risk acceptance: accept the potential risk, continue operating with no controls, and absorb any damages that occur

Risk limitation: limit the risk by implementing controls that minimize the impact of the threat

Risk transference: transfer the risk by using other means to compensate for the loss, such as by purchasing insurance

31
Q

E-Commerce

A

the process of buying, selling, transferring or exchanging products, services or information via computer networks, including the internet

32
Q

Types of E-Commerce

A

Business-to-consumer (B2C): business sells to consumers

Business-to-business (B2B): business sells to business

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C): consumer sells to consumers

Business-to-employee (B2E): business interacts with employees (e.g. pays payroll)

Government-to-citizen (G2C) or government-to-business (G2B): government interacts with consumers or business (e.g. collects taxes)

Mobile commerce (m-commerce): any of the e-commerce types handled using mobile systems

33
Q

Online Direct Marketing

A

selling online directly to customers

34
Q

Electronic Tendering System

A

B2B reverse auction that involves requesting quotes from suppliers

35
Q

Name-your-own-price

A

using an intermediary customer decide how much they are willing to pay

36
Q

Affiliate Marketing

A

logos or banners are placed on partner sites; if purchases are made then the advertiser pays a commission to the affiliate

37
Q

Forward and Reverse Auction

A

forward auctions increase sales prices over time

reverse auctions lower buying prices over time

38
Q

Enterprise Planning Systems (EPS)

A

systems adopt a business process view of the overall organization to integrate the planning, management, and use of all an organization’s resources, employing a common software platform and database

39
Q

Supply Chains

A

the flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers, through factories and warehouses, to the end customers; it includes the organizations and processes that create and deliver products, information, and services to end customers

40
Q

Push Model

A

also known as made-to-stock, the production process begins with a forecast, which is simply an educated guess as to customer demand. The forecast must predict which products customers will want as well as the quantity of each product. The company then produces the amount of products in the forecast, typically by using mass production, and sells, or “pushes,” those products to consumers

41
Q

Pull Model

A

also known as make-to-order, the production process begins with a customer order. Therefore, companies make only what customers want, a process closely aligned with mass customization

42
Q

Bullwhip Effect

A

erratic shifts in orders up and down the supply chain

43
Q

Electronic data interchange (EDI

A

communication standard that enables business partners to exchange routine documents, such as purchasing orders, electronically.

44
Q

Extranets

A

are networks that link business partners over the internet

45
Q

Data Mining

A

Data mining can perform two basic operations:

Predicting trends and behaviours e.g. for targeted marketing and predicting bankruptcy

Identifying previously unknown patterns e.g. for detecting fraudulent credit card transactions

46
Q

IS Operational Plan

A

that consists of a clear set of projects that the IS department and the functional area managers will execute in support of the IT strategic plan

a typical IS operational plan consists of:
mission
IT environment
objectives of the IT function
constraints of the IT function
application portfolio
resource allocation and project management

47
Q

Ultra-Wideband

A

Ultra-wideband is a high-bandwidth wireless technology with transmission speeds in excess of 100 Mbps.

Example: streaming multimedia from, say, a personal computer to a television

48
Q

Near-Filed Communications (NFC)

A

Near-filed communications (NFC) has the smallest range of any short-range wireless network. It is designed to be embedded in mobile devices such as cell phones and credit cards

Ex: swiping your device or card within a few centimetres of a point-of-sale terminal to pay for items (i.e. “tap”)

49
Q

Mobile Computing

A

refers to real-time, wireless connection between a mobile device and other computing environments, such as the internet and an intranet

50
Q

Public Cloud

A

promotes massive, global and industry-wide applications offered to the general public

ADM 2372 (3 decks)

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