Midterm Flashcards
What is this red muscle, its attachments, innervation and blood supply?
Trapezius:
- Transverse cervical artery
- Spinal accessory
- Originate from ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7-T12
- Whole muscle rotates point of glenoid cavity superiorly, and retracts the scapula
- Low fibers depress the scapula
- Upper fibers with fixed scapula extends neck biiaterally, laterally flex neck and rotate face away when working unilaterally
What is the dark purple dot, innervation, insertion and blood supply?
Latissimus dorsi:
- Originates from thoracolumbar fascia spinous process of ribs iliac crest
- Inserts on floor of humeral intertubercular groove
- Extend adduct medially rotate humerus rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly
- Thoracodorsal nerve and artery
- Thoracodorsal is a branch off of subscapular artery
What is the blue line?
Rhomboid major, part of layer two in the back:
- originates from spinal processes of T2-T5 and inserts on medial scapula (below scapular spine) and is deep to trapezius
- Dorsal scapular artery and nerve (C5)
- Retract and elevate scapula and rotate to depress glenoid ,
Red line?
Rhomboid minor, 2nd layer:
- originates off of spinal processes C7-T1 and inserts on medial scapula on (scapular spine) and deep to traps
- Dorsal scapular artery and nerve
- Part of rotator cuff
- Supports scapula rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly, retracts the scapula, elevate scapula
What is purple
Levaor Scapulae layer 2
- originates from TP of C1-C4 inserts on scapular spine
- elevate scapula rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly and when scapula is fixed extend and laterally flex neck
- Dorsal scapular artery and nerve
- Dorsal scapular artery can arise from subclavian or a branch off of transverse cervical artery
What is the highlighted part?
Serratus posterior inferior 3rd layer:
- beneath lats
- originates from spinous process of T11-T12 and inserts on inferior borders of lower four ribs.
- Assists with depression of ribs during deep expiration
- Intercostal nerves 9-12 supply
- Intercostal arteries
Highlighted portion?
Serratus Posterior Superior 3rd layer:
- originates on spinous process
- Inserts inferior surface of ribs
- Assist ribs elevation during inspiration
- intercostal nerves
fibers point down from spinous processes
Chief flexor of the thigh
Originates laterial portion of T12-L5
Inserts on lesser trochanter
Iliacus portion innervated by femoral nerve
Psoas major L1-L3 ventral rami
Psoas minor L1-L2
- Longest muscle and most superficial anterior muscle
- Originates ASIS
- Inserts Pes Anserinus
- Innervated femoral nerve
- Flex abduct laterally rotate thigh and flex the leg
Sartorius
Splenius Cervicis
- Spinous process T3-6
- Inserts on transverse process C1-3
- extend neck bilaterally, laterally flex neck and rotate face toward unilaterally
- posterior rami c5-7
- Femoral nerve
- origin: rectus femoris on AIIS , Vasti on shaft of femur
- insert: on tibial tuberosity
- vasti extend the leg and recturs extends leg and flexes thigh
Rectus femoris
Pectineus
- originates on pecten line of the pubis and inserts on the pectineal line
- Innervated by femoral nerve
- Adduct and flexes thigh
Adductor longus
- Attaches to the body of pubis and middle 1/3rd of linea aspera
- Innervated by obturator L2-L4
- Adducts and flexes thigh
Gracilis
- Attaches on the pubis body and inferior ramus also superior part of medial tibia.
- Part of Pes Anserinus
- Innervated by obturator nerve
- adduct thigh flex and medially roatate leg
- ONLY adductor to cross knee joint
Adductor Brevis!
- Deep to pectineus and adductor longus
- Attaches on pubis body and inferior ramus and proximal linea aspera
- Obturator nerve
- Flex and adduct thigh
Obturator externus
- deep to pectineus
- Attaches external margins of obturator foramen and trochanteric fossa
- Innervated by obturator nerve
Adductor Magnus
Longest adductor muscle superior part is deep to adductor brevis
Has and adductor portion and a hamstirng portion
- Adductor part is obturator nerve
- Adductor originates on ischiopubic ramus and attaches ongluteal tuberosity linea aspera and medial supracondylar line
- Adductor part adducts and flexes thigh
- Hamstring part is Tibial division of sciatic nerve
- Hamstring originates on ischial tuberosity and attaches on adductor tubercle
- Hamstirng part adducts and extends thigh
Gluteus maximus
- Largest glute muscle
- Chief extensor of thigh and lateral rotation, slight extension of leg with tensor fascia lata
- Inferior gluteal nerve
- Inserts on IT band, and inferior head inserts on tuberosity of femur
Gluteus Medius
- Partiallly covered by glut max
- Abduct and medially rotate
- Superior gluteal nerve
- insertion greater trochanter
Gluteus Minimus
- Covered by maximus and medius
- thigh abduction and medial rotation
- superior gluteal nerve
yellow highlight
SPI
O: spinojus process
I: inferior surface ribs
A: depress ribs with forced expiration
Anterior rami T9-12
fibers point up from spinous process
Splenius Capitis layer 4
O: lower 1/2 nuchal ligament spinous processes
I: mastoid process
A: extend neck when bilaterally working, laterally flex neck and rotate face towards the side when working unilaterallly
Posterior rami C3-5
picture
Iliocostalis layer 5
- Iliocostalis lumborum: posteromedial iliac crest spinous processes and inserts costal angle of ribs
- Iliocostalis thoracis originates on costal angle of ribs six through twelve, costal angles of ribs 1-6 inserts and transverse process C7
- Iliocostalis Cervicis originates on angles of ribs and inserts posterior tubercles of transverse process
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action is to maintain erect posture and extend vert. column and head when bilaterally. Laterally flex vert column when unilateral.
Longissimus:
- Longissimus thoracis originates with iliocostalis lumborum and inserts on TP
- Longissimus cervicis originates T1-5 inserts on posteror tubercles of TP
- Longissimus Capitits originates TP T1-5 articular process of C4-7 Inserts mastoid process.Action extend neck bilaterally =, laterally flex neck and rotate face to working side unilaterally
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action is to maintain erect posture and extend vert. column and head when bilaterally. Laterally flex vert column when unilateral.
Spinalis
- spinalis thoracis: originates spinous process T11-L2 and inserts on spinous process T1-4
- Spinalis Cervicis: usually absent but inserts on spinous process C2 and originates on spinous process T1-6
- Spinalis capitis: usually absent
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action is to maintain erect posture and extend vert. column and head when bilaterally. Laterally flex vert column when unilateral.
semi spinalis describe
Transversospinalis group layer six Semispinalis:
- Semispinalis Thoracis:
- O: transverse process T6-12
- I: spinous process C6-T4
- Extend spine rotate spine away
- Posterior rami
- Semispinalis Cervicis
- TP T1-6
- I: spinous process C2-5
- extend spine and rotate spine away
- Posterior rami
- Semispinalis Capitis: Best developed
- O: TP C7-T6
- I: btw superior and inf nuchal lines
- extend head rotate face away
- posterior rami
label numbers
- Longissimus capitis
- Longissimus cervicis
- Iliocostalis cervicis
- Longissimus capitits
- Longissimus cervicis
- Iliocostalis cervicis
Label
Transversospinalis muscles layer six
- Semispinalis connects ~5-6 segments
- Multifidus ~3-4 segments
- Rotatores Longus ~2 seg
- Rotatores Brevis ~1 seg
- Semispinalis capitis after splenius capitis is reflected
- Semispinalis cervicis
- Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
- Obliquus Capitis Inferior
- Semispinalis cervicis
- Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
- Obliquus Capitis Superior
- Suboccipital nerve
- Vertebral artery
Semitendinosus
- Long cordlike tendon begins 2/3 way down
- Function is to extend thigh and flex leg also medially rotate
- Innervation by tibial division of sciatic
- attaches ischial tuberosity & medial aspect of anserinus
Gracilis (Ob nerve) Semitendinosus(tibial n.) and Sartorius (femoral n) all insert on Pes anserinus
Semimembranosus
- Deep to tendinosus
- Function extend thigh flex leg
- Tibial divsion of sciatic
- attaches to ischial tuberosity and posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
- gives off oblique popliteal ligament to reinforce knee joint
Biceps Femoris
- Long head tibial portion of sciatic and function is to flex and extend thigh
- attaches ischial tuberosity
- Short head is only flexing leg and common fibular division of sciatic
- attaches distal lateral lip of linea aspera, rises from femur crosses knee but doesn’t act at hip
- both common insertion on fibula head
Popliteal fossa contents and boundaries?
- Superficial to Deep: Tibial nerve, Popliteal vein, Popliteal A.
- Superomedial border: semitendinosus/membranosus
- Superolateral border: Biceps femoris
- Inferolateral bordeR: lateral head gastrocnemius
- Inferomedial border: medial bead gastrocnemius
