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Foundations > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Six elements of Vision 2020

A

Autonomous practice, direct access, DPT, Evidence Based Practice, Practitioner of Choice, Professionalism

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2
Q

Five Roles of a PT

A

Clinical Practitioner, Consultant, Administrator/manager, researcher, educator

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3
Q

Core Values of Professionalism in PT

A

Accountability, altruism, compassion/caring, excellence, integrity, professional duty, social responsibility

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4
Q

Altruism

A

place patient’s needs before your own

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5
Q

Accountability

A

Acceptance of responsibility for diverse roles, obligations, and actions

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6
Q

Excellence

A

Evidence based practice

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7
Q

Integrity

A

adherence to ethical principles or professional standards

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8
Q

How do PTs know what they can do?

A

Scope of Practice, Standards of Practice, Laws/Regulatory Authorities, Code of Ethics

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9
Q

Scope of Practice

A

Examining
Alleviating impairment thru intervention
Prevention/wellness
Consultation/education/research

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10
Q

Standards of Practice

A 
Criteria, performance standards an assessments for the practice of PT
Ethical/legal considerations
Revised Code of Ethics effective 7/1/10
Administration of PT service
Patient/Client management model
Education
Research
Commitment to society
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11
Q

Patient Client Management Model

A

Patient management sequence- how we systematically approach patient care
Structure of documentation of initial episode/interaction with patient/clients
Terminology must be understood within the context of PCMM

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12
Q

PCMM Cycle

A 
Examination
Evaluation
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Intervention
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13
Q

Examination

A

Beginning to understand what is going on with your patient
History, systems review, test&measurement
Comprehensive screening and testing process
Purpose: to establish the nature and status of condition

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14
Q

Evaluation

A

PT makes clinical judgments using data collected during examination
Purpose: to interpret the findings

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15
Q

Diagnosis

A

Label assigned based on the information collected and clinical experience

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16
Q

Prognosis

A

(Plan of Care)- Guide to PT practice is used to help determine these
What are we trying to achieve- GOALS (short term/long term)
Predict the level of improvement- OUTCOMES
How long will it take- FREQ & DURATION

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17
Q

Intervention

A

Treatments/Coordination of care

Administered and modified based on response

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18
Q

Medical Model

A 
Medical doctors (MDs, Dos)
Treat the ailment/disease (we don't do this)
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19
Q

Disablement Model

A

DPT’s
Addresses the functional impairments that result from a medical condition
Looks how health changes and progresses towards disability

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20
Q

ICF- International Classification of Functioning, Health, and Disability

A

This links nicely with our coding system here in the U.S.

Addresses activity and participation

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21
Q

Nagi’s Framework

A

Healthy -> Disease -> physiological impairment -> Functional Limitations -> Disability

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22
Q

Disease (Nagi)

A

Signs and symptoms (joint swelling)

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23
Q

Physiological impairment (Nagi)

A

MS, NM, CP, Integumentary (decreased AROM)

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24
Q

Functional Limitations (Nagi)

A

physical, psychological, social (difficulty walking)

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25
Q

Disability (Nagi)

A

Environmental Role (can’t work)

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26
Q

Qualities of a Profession

A

Autonomy, Ethical Standards, Accountability

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27
Q

Hierarchy of criteria of a profession

A

Autonomy of judgement
Service to patient/clients
Specialized education- CAPTE, arm of APTA
Representative organization- APTA, develops standards, educational opportunities
Life Time commitment

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28
Q

Autonomous Practice

A

direct and unrestricted access: entry point to health care system
ability to refer to other healthcare providers
ability to refer to other professionals
ability to refer for diagnostic tests
Collaborative, independent, self determined thoughts and actions

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29
Q

Ethical Standards

A 
Standards of Practice for Physical Therapy
Code of Ethics (PT)
Guide for Professional Conduct (PT)
Standards of ethical conduct for the PTA
Guide for conduct of the PTA
Professionalism in PT: core values
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30
Q

Levels of Care

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

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31
Q

Primary Care

A

entry into health care system

no referral required

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32
Q

Secondary Care

A

care provided after receiving care at a primary level

referral is frequently required

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33
Q

Tertiary Care

A

care provided by a specialist

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34
Q

Team Approach

A

Intradisciplinary and Interdisciplinary

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35
Q

Intradisciplinary

A

within your departments/practices

36
Q

Interdisciplinary

A

across departments
across disciplines
across professional levels- physicians and PT techs

37
Q

Screenings

A

determine if an underlying condition might be present

to determine if further services might be needed

38
Q

Health Promotion

A

prevention or minimize risk of injury

39
Q

Coordination of Care

A

communication

documentation of episode of ‘care’

40
Q

Discharging Patient/client

A

goals/outcomes met

41
Q

Discontinuation of Services

A

patient/client terminates services
PT/client unable to continue due to medical/psychosocial or financial reasons
PT judgement is intervention will not improve the status of the individua

42
Q

Utilization of the PTA

A

no-examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis or plan of care- PT only
Yes- Assessments- measurement or assigned value but not “assess”
Yes- Interventions, some of them
Yes-modify a plan of care only due to a patient’s status or response to an episode of care

43
Q

Can a PTA progress a patient?

A

If it’s in the plan of care yes. The plan of care may say, progression resistant exercises for 2 weeks, the PTA can increase the resistance.

44
Q

Delegation of clinical roles to PTA

A 
Education- additional training
Experience & skill level
Current responsibilities
Predictability of outcomes
Acuteness of patient’s status, stability complexity and criticality
Federal and State statutes
Liability and Risk Management issues
Mission of the practice setting
Needed frequency of reexamination
45
Q

Supervision of PTAs in FL- general

A

Delegation of duties without PT present- yes PTAs can work on pt. w/out PT present
same rules apply-delegation criteria
PT must be available by telecommunication access (2-way) at ALL times during the delivery of care in same geographical location

46
Q

Supervision of PTAs in FL when employed by physicians

A 
GENERAL supervisions by a PT
Board certified physician
orthopedic
chiropractor
physiatrist
ONSITE supervision of a PT
all other or non board certified as outlined in practice act
47
Q

Ethical Compass

A

A set of internal ideas, concepts, values, and duties that keep us heading in the right direction as professionals.
Guidance when there are alternative pathways or behaviors
A tool that we can fall back on when we feel lost or unsure

48
Q

Resources Available for Ethical Decision Making

A

Code of ethics
Standards for ethical conduct
These documents may not provide definitive answers to difficult ethical decisions

49
Q

Ethics

A

A rational reflection
Particularly important when there are competing realms or 2/more possible courses of action
The reflection or analysis needed when confronted with conflicted ideas/values

50
Q

Values

A

Standards for what is right and wrong, good or bad,etc
Derived by individuals from personal, professional, organizational, societal, and cultural sources
Different from ethics, but foundational to ethical decision making

51
Q

Laws

A

May be local, state, or national

Include rules, admin codes, and regulations created by admin agencies to interpret, delineate or implement legislation

52
Q

Justice

A

Determined by- Fairness, need, and/or entitlement

53
Q

Types of Justice

A

Distributive, Criminal, Compensatory, Procedural

54
Q

Distributive Justice

A

how benefits, burdens, rights, and responsibilities are distributed

55
Q

Criminal Justice

A

a system of punishment through law

56
Q

Compensatory Justice

A

compensation for wrongs

57
Q

Procedural Justice

A

fair processes or due process

58
Q

Informed Consent

A

The duty of informed consent requires the PT to respect the right of the patient to make a decision about his/her health care, based on understanding the necessary info (benefits, risks,etc). This includes the right to agree to or refuse the course of action

59
Q

3 conditions of informed consent

A

Competence of the patient
Information
Voluntariness

60
Q

Confidentiality

A

Duty to maintain privacy of info concerning patients by not divulging it to unauthorized persons

61
Q

Paternalism

A

Generally considered the opposite of autonomy

2 types: Weak and Strong

62
Q

Strong Paternalism

A

a more active intervention to promote good

63
Q

Weak Paternalism

A

intervention solely to protect a patient from harm

64
Q

Fidelity

A

Put the patient first to meet REASONABLE expectations

65
Q

Professional Boundaries

A

The idea of not becoming inappropriately involved, emotionally or behaviorally, with patients and others involved in one’s work.
It does not mean emotional uninvolvement and indifference.

66
Q

Conflict of interest

A

Exists when a professional has competing interests or obligations that prevent fulfillment or primary professional obligations
Multiple obligations do not of themselves create a conflict of interest

67
Q

Concepts of RIPS

A

Environmental Context (realm)
Individual process involved (ethical sensitivity, judgment, or courage)
Situation (ethical issue, dilemma, distress)

68
Q

RIPS process (4 steps)

A

Recognize and define
Reflect
Decide
Implement, reassess, and evaluate

69
Q

Realms of RIPS

A

Societal, institutional/organizational, individual

70
Q

Societal realm

A

the primary concern at this level is the common good
Ex- national and state systems, including legal, financial, cultural, and religious establishments.
Issues at this level tend to have more complexity and higher importance than those in other realms

71
Q

Institutional/organizational realm

A

The primary concern is the good of the organization
Ex- mediating structures, such as professional organizations, families, agencies, and corporations
The focus of this realm is on structures and systems that facilitate organizational/institutional goals

72
Q

Individual realm

A

The primary concern is the good of the patient
Ex- PT working directly with the patient
The focus of this realm is on rights, duties, relationships, and behaviors between individuals.
There is lower complexity of problems as compared to other realms

73
Q

Individual Processes

A

Ethical sensitivity
Ethical judgment
Ethical courage/character

74
Q

Ethical Sensitivity

A

recognizing and interpreting ethical situations

75
Q

Ethical Judgement

A

judging which action is right or wrong

76
Q

Ethical courage/character

A

prioritizing ethical values over other ones, demonstrating courage, persisting , implementing, developing and negotiating a plan of action

77
Q

Types of Ethical Situations

A 
Issue/Problem
Dilemma
Distress
Temptation
Silence
78
Q

Issue/Problem

A

important values are present or may be challenged

79
Q

Dilemma

A

2 alternative courses of action; each fulfills an important duty and it is not possible to fulfill both obligations

80
Q

Distress

A

you know the right course of action but are not authorized to perform it

81
Q

Temptation

A

involves a choice between right and wrong and in which you may stand to benefit from doing the wrong thing

82
Q

Silence

A

ethical values are challenged, but no one is speaking about this challenge to values

83
Q

5 Tests of Right vs Wrong

A

Legal test: is something illegal
Stench test: does it feel wrong
Front-page test: how would you like your actions on the front page for everyone to see
Parent test: if I were my mother would I do this
Professional ethics test: what do the documents say

84
Q

3 ways to make an ethical decision

A

Rule based- rules, duties, or over-arching principles
Ends based- focuses on consequences of the decision
Care based- emphasizes concern for others and relationships (golden rule approach)

85
Q

Types of Communication

A

verbal/nonverbal, reading, writing, listening (all equally important)

Foundations (6 decks)

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