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EKG > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What type of dysrhythmia speeds up and slows down in a cyclic manner that usually corresponds with the respiratory cycle?

A

Sinus dysrhythmia

HR increases during inspiration and decreases during expiration

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2
Q

What is it called when 1-2 beats are dropped?

A

Sinus pause

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3
Q

What is it called when 3+ beats are dropped?

A

Sinus arrest

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4
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has P waves that continuously change in appearance, with a normal HR?

A

Wandering Atrial Pacemaker

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5
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a single differing P wave followed by a non-compensatory pause?

A

Premature Atrial Complexes

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6
Q

What is it called when there are less than two full R-R intervals between the R wave of the normal beat which precedes the PAC and the R waves of the first normal beat which follows it?

A

Non-compensatory pause

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7
Q

What is it called when a PAC occurs every other beat?

A

Bigeminal

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8
Q

What is it called when a PAC occurs after two normal beats?

A

Tigeminal

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9
Q

What is it called when a PAC occurs after three normal beats?

A

Quadrigeminal

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10
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 150-250bpm with P waves that may be hidden in the preceding T wave?

A

Atrial tachycardia

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11
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 120-150bpm and P waves continuously change in appearance?

A

Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)

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12
Q

What type of dysrhythmia arises from above the ventricles, but cannot be definitively identified as atrial tachycardia because the P waves cannot be seen sufficiently?

A

Supraventricular tachycardia SVT

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13
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 250-350bpm with absent P waves and saw-tooth flutter waves (F waves)

A

Atrial flutter

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14
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of >350 bpm, with a rhythm is irregularly irregular, absent P waves, chaotic-looking baseline of fibrillatory waves (f waves)?

A

Atrial fibrillation

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15
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a single inverted P wave, followed by a non-compensatory pause?

A

Premature Junctional Complexes (PJC)

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16
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 40-60bpm, regular rhythm and inverted P waves?

A

Junctional Escape Rhythm

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17
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 60-110bpm, regular rhythm and inverted P waves?

A

Accelerated Junctional Rhythm

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18
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 100-180bpm, regular rhythm and inverted P waves?

A

Junctional Tachycardia

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19
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has QRS complexes that are wide and bizarre, T waves go in opposite direction of the R wave, followed by a compensatory pause?

A

Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC)

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20
Q

What is a pause following a premature complex that allows the original rhythm to begin at its normal rate?

A

Compensatory pause

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21
Q

What is it called when the PVCs look the same?

A

Unifocal

22
Q

What is it called when the PVCs look different from each other?

A

Multifocal

23
Q

What is it called when there are 2 PVCs in a row?

A

Couplet

24
Q

What is it called when PVCs fall between 2 regular complexes and do not disrupt the normal cardiac cycles (no compensatory pause)?

A

Interpolated PVCs

25
Q

What is it called when PVC occurs on/near the previous T wave?

A

R-on-T PVC

26
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 20-40bpm with QRS complexes that are wide and bizarre, and T waves go in opposite direction of R wave?

A

Idioventricular rhythm

27
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 40-100bpm with QRS complexes that are wide and bizarre, and T waves go in opposite direction of R wave?

A

Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm

28
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 100-250bpm with QRS complexes that are wide and bizarre, and T waves go in opposite direction of R wave?

A

Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)

29
Q

What type of dysrhythmia is a unique variant of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia?

A

Torsades de Pointes (TdP)

30
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 300-500bpm with a totally chaotic rhythm, that appears as a wavy line? No discernible P waves, QRS complexes, or PR intervals?

A

Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)

31
Q

What type of dysrhythmia appears as a flat line?

A

Asystole

32
Q

What type of condition has an organized electrical rhythm on the EKG monitor (which should produce a pulse), but pt is pulseless and apneic?

A

Pulseless Electrical Activity

33
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has PR intervals longer than 0.20s and constant?

A

1st degree AV Block

34
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has PR intervals that progressively increase until a QRS complex is dropped?

A

2nd degree AV Block Type I

Wenckebach/Mobitiz I

35
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has PR intervals that are prolonged and constant with intermittent P waves that are not followed by a QRS complex?

A

2nd degree AV Block Type II

Mobitiz II

36
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has no association between the P waves and QRS complexes

A

3rd degree AV Block

37
Q

What is the best way to approximate the mean axis?

A

Looking at the QRS complexes in Leads I and aVF

38
Q

What is a normal axis?

A

Positive QRS complexes in leads I and aVF

Between 0-90+

39
Q

What type of mean QRS axis is between 0 and -90 (pointing towards left shoulder)?

A

Left Axis Deviation

40
Q

What type of mean QRS axis is between +90 and +180 (pointing toward right foot)?

A

Right Axis Deviation

41
Q

What is the equiphasic method to determine the QRS axis?

A

Find a lead with an equiphasic QRS complex, the axis will be perpendicular to that lead
Equiphasic: positive component = negative component

42
Q

What indicates a strong LAD?

A

R wave in aVL > R wave in Lead I

43
Q

What indicates a strong RAD?

A

R wave in Lead III > R wave in aVF

44
Q

What type of individuals may have a more “vertical” heart, with a shift in the QRS axis toward +90?

A

Tall, thin (vertical heart)

45
Q

What type of individuals may have have a more horizontal heart with the mean QRS axis shifting more leftwards?

A

Obese or pregnant (horizontal heart)

46
Q

What is the best way to assess for ventricular hypertrophy?

A

Look at QRS complexes in leads V1/2 and V5/6

47
Q

What is the criteria for RVH?

A

Right axis deviation (>+90) OR
R > S wave in V1 OR
S > R wave in V6

48
Q

What is the criteria for LVH?

A

S in V1/V2 + R in V5/V6 > 35 mm OR
R in aVL > 11mm OR
R in Lead I + S in Lead III > 25 mm

49
Q

What is the best way to assess for atrial enlargement?

A

Look at P waves in leads II and V1

50
Q

What is the criteria for RAE?

A

P wave amplitude > 2.5 mm in Lead II (2 1/2 blocks) = P pulmonale
Or biphasic P wave in V1 with initial > terminal portion

51
Q

What is the criteria for LAE?

A

P wave duration > 0.10s in Lead II (2 1/2 blocks) = P mitrale
Or if the terminal portion of the P wave in V1 is negative with a
-Duration of ≥ 0.04s (1 small block) AND
-Depth of ≥ 1 mm (1 small block)

52
Q

What indicates bilateral atrial enlargement?

A

Increased amplitude and duration of P wave

EKG (2 decks)

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