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comparative politics > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

forming theories

A

idea that “A” will result in “B”

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2
Q

what is each theory trying to do

A

trying to explain why each thing is happening

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3
Q

rational choice model

A

argues all human behavior can be explained as the product of rational decisions; self interested

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4
Q

what does rational choice assume

A

that all people behave as rational, self-interested actors

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5
Q

what is rational choice founded on

A

that self interest drives everything and makes it okay

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6
Q

examples of rational choice

A

§ The goal of a politician is to win or hold on to political office
A business person wants to maximize profit

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7
Q

what are some critiques of rational choice

A

○ Narrow perception of human behavior
○ Institutions may constrain your actions
○ Culture can shape people’s behavior
○ May not have full or perfect information
May not have the ability and time to weigh every choice against every other choice

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8
Q

what isn’t rational choice

A

not always accurate; dont have all the information or time all the tiem

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9
Q

what is structuralism

A

based on the idea that human actions are largely constrained by institutions, over which individuals have little or no control

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10
Q

examples of structuralism

A

rich to poor, worker to boss, etc

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11
Q

breakdown of structuralism

A

must act the way your position in your society tells you; feel trapped

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12
Q

what is feudalism

A

contends that structures are enduring, but not permeant

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13
Q

what is wrong with structuralism

A

does not and cannot account for change/

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14
Q

what is culturasim

A

culture drives politics and shapes beliefs/behaviors

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15
Q

what is a culture

A

a set of shared values, beliefs, ideas, identities, and attitudes

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16
Q

what does culture do

A

§ It shapes and influences our perceptions and behavior

It is constantly transmitted and reproduced

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17
Q

weaknesses of culturalism

A

what is a culture; do not do a good job at laying it out; then how do you know if it has an impact

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18
Q

what does culture become

A

intersubjective; dont really know when it exists

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19
Q

what are institutions

A

organizations or activities that are self perpetuating and valued for their own sake; shape political behavior; IRS, NRA, constitution

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20
Q

what is sovereignty

A

Ability to carry out actions or policies within a territory independently from external actors or internal rivals

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21
Q

what are the three factors of treaty of west phalia

A

states have control of border/
secular government will be the decision makers (dont have to listen’ ling has the authority/
every country is equally protected by this; first idea of modern state

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22
Q

what is sovereignty

A

do you control your area

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23
Q

what is internal sovereignty

A

state is the sole authority within a territory; whether or not there are internal groups trying to cause troubles

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24
Q

how can you increase internal sovereignty

A

plice forces to bring uprises down/

listen to them and their changes

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25
Q

external sovereignty

A

are your borders secure; is anyone trying to invade you; are you under attack

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26
Q

factors of sovereignty

A

legitimacy

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27
Q

what is legitimacy

A

do people accept your leadership

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28
Q

what are unitary states

A

power is concentrated at the highest level; local needs will be taken care of, efficient; concentrates power

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29
Q

what are federalists system

A

still central government and still most powerful of the bodies; but it is now not only the only one with real authority; lots of other smaller bodies with real power

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30
Q

who has power in federalist

A

states (central can’t know everything), ; when you cross border into new state then laws can change

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31
Q

what is devolution

A

transfer of power from central to smaller ones; trend is more toward the federalist than it is unitary

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32
Q

what is point of devolution

A

for central governments to gain legitimacy; connect with the people/
connect with ethnic people

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33
Q

wha tis power

A

measure of sovereignty; more or less power if you are more or less sovereign

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34
Q

how do you measure power

A

autonomy and capacity within a system

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35
Q

what is autonomy

A

freedom to act; are there groups trying to create uprises or not

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36
Q

what is capacity

A

do you have the resources to do what you want to do; do you have the money, brain power, well trained military police, roads, etc.

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37
Q

what are attitudes

A

different from place to place; describes views related to the speed with which change should occur and how much change is needed to the political, social, or economic order

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38
Q

what do ideologies do

A

stay the same

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39
Q

what are ethnic identity

A

things you re born with; race, identity, gender

40
Q

what is a national identity

A

that your nation is based around an idea; America

41
Q

can identity overlap

A

yes, can be both national and ethnica

42
Q

what is citizenship

A

the individual; how do you relate to it

43
Q

what is nationalism

A

pride in your people and the belief in their sovereign political destiny separate from other; your country, your people, separate from others

44
Q

what is patriotism

A

pride in your country; believe that your country is a good place; does not have to be around people

45
Q

difference between nationalism and patriotism

A

the curds; can be nationalistic that they need a country and deserve own country, but can’t be patriotic; nationalism can be a desire to be free political

46
Q

7 components of a political economy; what is a regulation

A

rules and orders that set the boundaries of any given procedures; laws or policies that limit what you can do in a political run

47
Q

what are the four types of political economies

A

liberal, social democratic, communist, mercanitilist

48
Q

what is liberalism

A

freedom; you make your choices and rise and fall on your own; tradiiotnla capitalists

49
Q

what is social democracy

A

also capitalist; borrows some economic policies from communism; also care about equality

50
Q

what are in social democracy

A

social safe guards and ways for people to be safe and equal

51
Q

what is mercantilism

A

focus is only on the needs of the state; state exists to build the economy; but it is not to help you, it is to help the state become powerful

52
Q

what does mercantilism do it

A

with a capitalist space; pick a space they want to do well in and then they focus on it; because of this they have a mixed relationship with trade

53
Q

mercantilism with trade

A

dont trade in areas they dont want to; like when they didn’t allow us cars because they wanted Japanese car companies to grow

54
Q

what are the ways to compare political economic systems

A

GDP, purchasing parody parity, human development index

55
Q

what is GDP

A

overall value of country

56
Q

what is purchasing power parity

A

measure of how far your money goes within your economy; how much you can get with your money

57
Q

what is human development index

A

look at health, education, and economics

58
Q

what are causes of political violence

A

revolutions and the theories around them

59
Q

what is relative deprivation model

A

is no one thing that can point to a revolution; can be a gap between actual conditions and public expectations; public perception and reality can be different

60
Q

what is structuralist model

A

rivalry; understand revolutions in terms of rivalry; leads to anger and political paralysis, opening door for revolution

61
Q

example of structural model

A

US and USSR; USSR changed policy to try and catch up to the US; changed who had power and then got anger and revolution; emerged from the gap and caused the weaker country to have to try and adapt to the changes

62
Q

what is terrorism

A

use of violence by a non-state actor against civilians in order to attempt to achieve a political goal

63
Q

what is democracy

A

two main forms; direct and indirect

64
Q

what is direct

A

people vote on policies (doesn’t exist in world today inc country, but does in ballot initiatives)

65
Q

indirect democracy

A

go and select someone to speak for us; president, governor, mayor, etc; is dominate form

66
Q

what is a presidential system

A

President is directly elected for a fixed term

67
Q

strengths of presidential systems

A

checks and balances/
• Not reliant on the party or coalition
• Public directly elects leader
Can claim a national mandate (if they win one)

68
Q

weakness of presidential systems

A

slow and hard to make policies and decisions because of all the checks and balance/
nearly impossible to remove bad leader, no power sharing

69
Q

what is a parliamentary system

A

Head is the Prime Minister; • Elected by the legislature
• Cabinet is made up of other elected officials
Vote of No Confidence and Early Elections

70
Q

strengths of parliamentary

A

elected by legislature, efficient, autonomy, easy to remove bad leaders

71
Q

weaknesses of parliamentary

A

bad checks and balances, public does not directly select leader, public has less direct representation

72
Q

what is a constitution

A

contract between citizens and a government; what the rules are moving forward

73
Q

what does executive do

A

put law into practice; make it happen

74
Q

legislative

A

create the law and write the alw

75
Q

judiciary

A

enforces the law and determined what laws are allowed

76
Q

what are two pieces of electoral systems

A

single member, proportional

77
Q

what is a single member

A

winner take all; you get one more vote than other person and you win; however runoff can occur; where you need certain percent

78
Q

single member problems

A

parties can grow further and further away, tend to be more extreme, tend to get two parties cause third party votes can’t win

79
Q

what is proportional

A

nationwide vote based on parties; seats awarded based on share of the vote; leads to many small parties gain seats

80
Q

what are political parties

A

try to push a goal and represent citizens

81
Q

what are cause of democratization

A

modernization theory, civil society, role of elite, international relations

82
Q

what is democratization

A

process a country becomes a democracy

83
Q

what is modernization theory

A

no middle class, no democracy; as middle class grows, it will look to defend its interest and want government to do particular things; as more and more demands occur, democracy happens and wants ability to protect itself

84
Q

what is civil society

A

groups where people get together and talk; teaching you that your voice matters and that you have a say; as groups grow stronger, they want to make demands on governments, place pressure on them, and topple regime and people rise up

85
Q

what is role of elite

A

who has the power?; if there is an elite, if you want democracy you have to change their interests; elite need to leave power

86
Q

how to get elite to leave power

A

threaten economic interest, can kill them

87
Q

what is international relations

A

regime change; come in and topple democracy/

pressure nad incentives

88
Q

pressure and invectives

A

offer something that could be valuable, or punish them

89
Q

what is the rule of law

A

everyones equal under the law, doesn’t matter background; successful country people will be equal under law; also cannot be punished if there is no law about it

90
Q

what is rule of law considered

A

cornerstone of democracy

91
Q

america

A

foreign policy swings back and forth; isolation and engagement/

first successful major rebellion

92
Q

UK elects

A

house of commons elects prime minister

93
Q

Japan elects

A

house of representatives; same as US

94
Q

UK magna carta

A

first turn towards democracy , deal between feudal lords and king; took some power from the king; lead towards democracy

95
Q

Japan 3 D’s

A

deflation, debt, deficit

96
Q

Japan potential solutions to population decline

A

add women right add women to workforce/

increase immigration

comparative politics (2 decks)

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