Midterm

Question 1

5 soil forming factors

Answer 1

time, climate, biota, topography, and PARENT MATERIAL

Question 2

Soil Forming Factors: Losses

Answer 2

Losses, translocations, transformations

Question 3

Master Horizon: A

Answer 3

mineral horizon at surface or below O

Question 4

Master Horizon: O

Answer 4

organic surface layer

Question 5

Master Horizon: E

Answer 5

Elluvial horizon, loss of OM, clay, and Fe/Al

Question 6

Master Horizon: B

Answer 6

Illuvial horizon, subsurface with clay and/or Fe accumulation

Question 7

Master Horizon: C

Answer 7

Unweathered, unconsolidated material (parent)

Question 8

Master Horizon: R

Answer 8

consolidated bedrock

Question 9

Subordinate Distinctions: e

Answer 9

intermediate decomposition

Question 10

Subordinate Distinctions: g

Answer 10

strong gleying

Question 11

Subordinate Distinctions: o

Answer 11

accumulation of Fe and Al oxides

Question 12

Subordinate Distinctions: i

Answer 12

slight decomposition

Question 13

Subordinate Distinctions: x

Answer 13

fragipan

Question 14

Subordinate Distinctions: t

Answer 14

silicate clay accumulation

Question 15

pedon

Answer 15

smallest sampling unit with full range of properties characteristic of that soil

Question 16

polypedon

Answer 16

group of similar peons

Question 17

soil individual

Answer 17

polypedon

Question 18

Temperature Regime order

Answer 18

cryic, frigid, mesic, thermic

Question 19

Diagnostic Epipedon: Mollic

Answer 19

dark colored (high OM) >50% base saturation

Question 20

Diagnostic Epipedon: Histic

Answer 20

surface organic horizon, saturated half of year

Question 21

Moisture Regime order

Answer 21

aquic, udic, ustic, aridic, xeric

Question 22

Diagnostic Endopedon: Argillic

Answer 22

illuvial accumulation of silicate clays, Bt horizon

Question 23

Diagnostic Endopedon: Oxic

Answer 23

very highly weathered

Question 24

ENTisols

Answer 24

youngest, no B horizon, low OM, desert tundra area

Question 25

IncEPTisols

Answer 25

Weakly developed, tundra mountain area, low OM

Question 26

ANDisols

Answer 26

volcanic ash soils, high OM

Question 27

GELisols

Answer 27

frozen most of the year

Question 28

VERTisols

Answer 28

shrink swell soil, poor horizon development

Question 29

MOLLisols

Answer 29

high OM, grassland soils, most prized

Question 30

ALFisols

Answer 30

forest soils, well developed horizons, accumulation of silicate clays (Al and Fe)

Question 31

ULTisols

Answer 31

ultimately weathered, 1:1 clays <35% BS

Question 32

SpODosols

Answer 32

high sand content, very infertile

Question 33

OXisols

Answer 33

tropical, very highly weathered

Question 34

HISTosols

Answer 34

organic soil, high water and nutrient holding,

Question 35

ArIDosols

Answer 35

salt accumulations, short wet periods