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Workplace Health & Safety > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main legislations for Workplace Health & Safety in Ontario?

A

Occupational Health & Safety Act & Regulations (enforced by MOL)

Workplace Safety and Insurance Act & Regulations (enforced by WSIB)

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2
Q

What are the (3) main groups in the IRS

A

Employers
Supervisors
Workers

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3
Q

What are the responsibilities of the employer

A

due diligence: take every reasonable precaution in the circumstance to protect a worker

Ensure that the equipment, materials and protective devices as prescribed are provided

Inform a worker, or person in authority over worker about any hazards, and train worker in handling storage, storage, transport of any equipment, substances, etc.

Appoint competent persons as supervisors

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4
Q

Duties of the supervisor

A

Ensure that a worker works in the manner and uses with the protective devices, clothing, measures and procedures etc. required the act

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5
Q

What are the duties of the worker?

A

Following OH&S Act and Regulations

Use and wear safety equipment as required

Report hazards or risks and hazardous acts

Do now work in a way that may endanger oneself or others including pranks or horseplay

cooperate with committee members and workers

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6
Q

What are the (3) Worker’s Rights?

A
  1. Right to know about workplace hazards, including how to identify and protect themselves from those hazards
  2. Right to participate in decisions related to workplace health and safety, free of reprisal for their participation
  3. Right to refuse any work they believe is unsafe
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7
Q

OH&S Acts and Regulations does not apply to

A

work for which no compensation is provided

work done in private residences

work under federal jurisdiction

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8
Q

What are the 4 Steps of Risk Management

A

Step 1: Hazard Identification

Step 2: Risk Assessment

Step 3: Control

Step 4: Monitor and review

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9
Q

What is Risk Assessment?

A

A process to identify which workplace activities, conditions, and/or acts present a “significant” risk

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10
Q

What is risk?

A

Estimate of the combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event/exposure and the severity of injury or illness that may be caused as a result

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11
Q

What is hazard identification?

A

Process of identifying workplace activities, conditions and/or acts that have a potential to injure workers or create property damage (agents, conditions, behaviours)

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12
Q

What is a risk control?

A

A process to determine the means to control a significant risk to an acceptable level

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13
Q

What is the PEMEP Model?

A

People

Environment

Materials

Equipment

Process

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14
Q

What are the 4 Steps of Risk Management?

A

Step 1: Hazard Identification

Step 2: Risk Assessment

Step 3: Control

Step 4: Monitor & Review ( Has the risk been eliminated or reduced? Have new hazards been introduced? Is the process working effectively?)

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15
Q

What are the routes of Entry?

A
  1. Inhalation
  2. Ingestion
  3. Absorption (through eyes and skin)
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16
Q

What are the routes of Entry?

A
  1. Inhalation (respiration)
    - breathing in airborne chemicals such as gases, fumes dusts etc. (most common)
    - 5 basic levels of defense within the respiratory tract
    1. nose
    2. interior of nasal passage
    3. hairs/cilia
    4. aerodynamic characteristics of the lungs
    5. alveoli
  2. Ingestion
  3. Absorption (through eyes and skin)
    - ability of chemical to easily pass through the skin is closely associated with its level of toxicity
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17
Q

What is a biological agent ?

A

Hazards that can cause infections and diseases by exposure to biological materials

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18
Q

what is a chemical agent?

A

Hazards created by exposure to chemicals and/or their physical reactions

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19
Q

What is the unit of measurement for noise?

A

Decibels (dBA)

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20
Q

What are the 3 key requirements of Noise Assessment?

A
  1. Exposure Limit
  2. Protective Measures
  3. Warning Signs
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21
Q

Noise controls can be done at the ____ and along the _____ through engineering controls OR

Noise controls can be done at the _____ through administrative or PPE

A

at the source (i.e. using equipment that minimizes noise)

at the path (i.e. process has noise controls implemented 0i.e. safety glass, sound absorbing material)

at the worker (i.e. notification for precautionary safety equipment

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22
Q

What are the routes of Entry?

A
  1. Inhalation (respiration)
    - breathing in airborne chemicals such as gases, fumes dusts etc. (most common)
    - 5 basic levels of defense within the respiratory tract
    1. nose
    2. interior of nasal passage
    3. hairs/cilia
    4. aerodynamic characteristics of the lungs
    5. alveoli
  2. Ingestion
  3. Absorption (through eyes and skin)
    - ability of chemical to easily pass through the skin is closely associated with its level of toxicity
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23
Q

What is vibration

A

oscillations occurring about an equilibrium point

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24
Q

How is it measured?

A

 Magnitude: m/s2 (acceleration)  Frequency: Hz  Direction: x, y, z  Exposure duration  Body posture

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25
Q

What are some controls of vibration

A
  • avoiding the source
  • using equipment to lower vibration
  • reducing exposure time
  • PPE
  • isolating worker from source
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26
Q

What is thermal/cold stress?

A

Heat or cold related illness

27
Q

What are controls for thermal/control stress?

A

implement work rest schedules, limit exposure through work rotation, air condition (heat), appropriate clothing

28
Q

What is Ionizing Radiation?

A

Any form of electromagnetic energy capable of producing ions through interacting with matter ( e-rays, alpha, beta, gamma rays)

29
Q

What is non-ionizing radiation?

A

Electromagnetic radiation that does not have enough energy to ionize matter

30
Q

What are some radiational controls?

A
  • regular monitoring
  • shielding
  • job rotation
  • protective equipment
  • training
31
Q

What are the routes of Entry?

A
  1. Inhalation (respiration)
    - breathing in airborne chemicals such as gases, fumes dusts etc. (most common)
    - 5 basic levels of defense within the respiratory tract
    1. nose
    2. interior of nasal passage
    3. hairs/cilia
    4. aerodynamic characteristics of the lungs
    5. alveoli
  2. Ingestion
  3. Absorption (through eyes and skin)
    - ability of chemical to easily pass through the skin is closely associated with its level of toxicity
32
Q

What are things to consider in monitoring the effectiveness of controls?

A
  • Have the controls solved the problem?
  • Has the risk posed by the original hazard been contained/reduced?
  • Have any new hazards been created?
  • Are new hazards appropriately controlled?
  • Are monitoring processes adequate?
  • Have workers been informed about the control measures taken?
  • Have orientation and training programs bee identified to deal with the new situation?
33
Q

Chemicals exist in what (3) states?

A
  1. Solid
  2. Liquid.
  3. Gas
34
Q

What are the (9) Air Contaminants?

A
  1. Dusts - solid particles generated by crushing, grinding etc.
  2. Fumes - solid participates when volatized solid condenses in cool air
  3. Smokes - carbon-based (solid) participles with other chemicals absorbed
  4. Mists - suspended liquid droplets
  5. Gases - gaseous state in normal temperature/pressure
  6. Vapours - gaseous state of substance normally liquid or solid ant normal temp and pressure
  7. Liquids - liquid state at normal temperature and pressure
  8. Fibres - solid compounds similar to dust but elongated shape (i.e. fibreglass)
  9. Aerosols - suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas (includes mists, fumes, smokes, dusts)
35
Q

IRS stands for?

A

Internal Responsibility System

36
Q

This is the definition of what: a workplace specific system of duties, rights, obligations and responsibilities agreed upon by the workplace parties (worker, supervisor, and employer)

A

an IRS (Internal Responsibility System)

37
Q

The Concept of having IRS is that workplace parties are responsible for working [BLANK - how] to resolve health and safety issues in the workplace without relying on
the [BLANK - who]

A

The Concept of having IRS is that workplace parties are responsible for working COOPERATIVELY to resolve health and safety issues in the workplace without relying on
the Ministry of Labour

38
Q

Having an IRS is the underlying concept behind what?

A

The Occupational Health and Safety Act (which relies on companies having an IRS to work properly)

39
Q

What 9 Parties can make up the IRS?

A
  1. Employers
  2. JHSC
  3. Workers
  4. Supervisors
  5. Unions
  6. H and S Consultants
  7. Constructors
  8. Officers & Directors
  9. Owners
40
Q

Of the 9 parties in the IRS which are the 4 Most important

A
  1. Employers
  2. Supervisors
  3. Workers
  4. JHSC
41
Q

Who has the most responsibility in an IRS?

A

The Employer or Owner

42
Q

Who’s duty is it to refuse unsafe work and report potential hazards in the workplace?

A

The Employee / Worker

43
Q

What are the DIRECT COSTS of a workplace accident / incident?

A 
Anything Directly related to the worker's injury and illness costs (Insured Costs)
• Medical (WSIB)
• Compensation costs (WSIB)
• Insurance other than medical and
compensation
44
Q

What are the INDIRECT COSTS of a workplace accident / incident?

A

Everything else not directly related to the worker’s injury / illness - for example:

  • Building damage & tools / equipment damage
  • Product and material damage
  • Production delays and interruptions
  • Legal expenses
  • Expenditure on emergency supplies
  • Interim equipment rental
  • Investigation time & clerical time
  • Wages paid for lost time
  • Cost of hiring and/or training replacements
  • Overtime
  • Extra supervisory time
  • Decreased output of injured worker upon return
  • Loss of business and goodwill
45
Q

What are the 3 Workers’ Rights?

A

Right to Know
Right to Refuse
Right to Participate

46
Q

Which Workers’ Right is this?

be informed workplace hazards, including how to identify
and protect themselves from those hazards

A

Right to Know

47
Q

Which Workers’ Right is this?

Take part in decisions related to workplace health and
safety, free of reprisal

A

Right to Participate

48
Q

Which Workers’ Right is this?

Not perform work that is in violation of the Act

A

Right to Refuse

49
Q

Define Due Diligence

A

Take every precaution reasonable in the circumstances for the protection of a worker (i.e. FORSEEABLE - like her example of snow storm)

50
Q

Name REACTIVE Approaches to Health and Safety

A 
 Accident Investigations
 Disability Management
 Return to Work
 First Aid
 Emergency Evacuation
 Spill Response
51
Q

Name some PROACTIVE Approaches to Health and Safety?

A

Health & Safety Inspections, Ergonomic Assessment, Audits, Training, JHSC, Machine Guarding, PPE, Orientation, Job Task Analysis, WHMIS/GHS

52
Q

REACTIVE Approaches to H and S are Before or After a workplace incident happens?

A

After

53
Q

PROACTIVE Approaches to H and S are Before or After a workplace incident happens?

A

Before

54
Q

A Guard that is not fixed to the same place all the time and can be moved is what kind of guard?

A

An ADJUSTABLE GUARD

55
Q

What type of Guards are designed to prevent access to the dangerous parts of a machine by providing a physical barrier that prevents both intentional or unintentional access?

A

FIXED GUARDS

56
Q

When you have to do a certain movement (i.e. Push a plastic piece out of the way) before a machine will work this is known as what?

A

An ACTION GUARD (Because you have to do an action for it to work)

57
Q

What are the 3 components to Hierarchy of Controls?

A

1) Engineering Controls (at the Source or Along the path) either ELIMINATES or REDUCES the hazard
2) Administrative Controls (at the Worker) - training, policies, signage
3) PPE (at the Worker)

58
Q

According to the Hierarchy, is wearing noise reducing headphones better than putting in a sound barrier?

A

No - a sound barrier is an engineering control which is higher in the hierarchy of controls than PPE

59
Q

TRUE or FALSE: a Workplace with 5-19 EEs needs a JHSC

A

FALSE, workplaces with under 20 EEs just need a Health and Safety Rep

60
Q

TRUE or FALSE: A workplace with 20-50 EEs needs at least 2 JHSC members (one management, one worker)

A

TRUE

61
Q

TRUE or FALSE: a JHSC needs to be formed when a workplace has more than 20 Workers UNLESS it is a workplace with designated substances (i.e. harmful chemicals), in which case even if you only have 6 employees, you’d still need a JHSC

A

TRUE

62
Q

At least [BLANK] the JHSC must be worker members

A

HALF

63
Q

Who is the most ideal person to accompany an MOL site inspection?

A

A Certified WORKER member of the JHSC

Workplace Health & Safety (3 decks)

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