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School Psychology Ed.S. > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

refers to a set of strategies for selecting, implementing, and evaluating intervention programs based on the lawful principals of behavior

A

Behavior Analysis

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2
Q

All children were required to attend school for the first time (1800s)

A

Compulsory Education

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3
Q

Why mandate education

A

industrialization, growing populations, poor social conditions, changing view of the child

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4
Q

What is the Nativist view of intelligence?

A

you are what you are and schools can’t do anything about it

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5
Q

What were IQ testers views on fatalism?

A

why study or why teach folks if they can’t learn

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6
Q

Foundations of School Psychological Service Delivery

A
  • diversity in development and learning
  • research and program evaluation
  • legal, ethical, and professional practice
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7
Q

Who focused on evolution and brain-behavior relationships?

A

Darwin & Gall

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8
Q

Who had the 1st psych lab?

“Father of Psychology”

A

Will Wundt

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9
Q

Who connected environment and behavior?

“Father of Psychiatry”

A

Freud

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10
Q

Who founded the first school psych clinic at U of Pennsylvania?
“Father of School Psychology”

A

Lightner Witmer

  • addressed the problems of children in educational settings
  • focused on the individual (idiographic)
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11
Q

Binet-Simon Scale

A
  • Classifying children based on intelligence IQ
  • Focus was on identifying the “normal” child (nomethetic)
  • Nativist
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12
Q

Who was the first to hold title School Psychologist?

A

Arnold Gesell

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13
Q

Where was the first SP training program?

A

NYU

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14
Q

What were psychological and educational changes that created the need for SP?

A
  • compulsory education

- social, cultural, political, and economic conditions

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15
Q

What was the mental hygiene movement?

A

to deal with juvenile delinquency

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16
Q

Where was the Scientist-Practitioner Model formed?

A

Boulder Conference (1949)

  • model for credentialing and training psychs
  • emphasized practice rather than pure basic science
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17
Q

Where was the first comprehensive picture of the field of School Psychology formed?

A 
Thayer Conference (1954)
-shaped training, credentialing, and practice of SP
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18
Q

What came out of the Spring Hill (1982) Conference?

A
  • schools are major impetus of social change
  • growth of government
  • pluralism and racial discrimination
  • economic considerations
  • legislation/litigation
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19
Q

Define Correlational vs Experimental

A

Correlational
-assess individual differences and fit persons to existing programs
-refer-test-place
Experimental
-focus on competence enhancement
-improve performance by finding best intervention

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20
Q

Any characteristic that impacts response to treatment

A

Aptitude

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21
Q

What are ATIs?

A

Aptitude by Treatment Interactions

  • merger of correlational and experimental
  • aptitude is any characteristic that impacts response to treatment
  • “visual learner” “auditory learner”
22
Q

What is the Scientist-Practitioner Model?

A
  • using science and scientific-inquiry in practice
  • equal emphasis on research and practice in training
  • widely accepted model across all fields of psychology
23
Q

What happened at the Vail Conference (1979)?

A
  • backlash against the focus on research and based on need to develop more practitioners
  • Practitioner-Scholar Model
  • focus on professional practice and may not include individual research
24
Q

What is the Practitioner-Scholar Model?

A

emphasizes professional or clinical practice of discipline; does not include substantial requirements for research

25
How to become a National Certified School Psychologist?
- degree from NASP approved school - 1200 hr internship (600 hrs in schools) - pass Praxis exam
26
What was a major change in Blueprint 3 done by Ysseldyke et al.?
the recognition that competence in school psychology emerges over time
27
What is the NASP mission?
To represent school psychology and support school psychologists to enhance the learning and mental health of all children and youth
28
What was Deno's Formative Evaluation?
- formative evaluation is more smaller tests along the way - key point is Goal Setting - CBMs
29
What are the 2 disciplines of scientific psychology?
Experimental (Liberal) -use rigorous research to test hypotheses and make statements about causation -identify which variables have greatest effect Correlational (Conservative) -predict performance based on naturally occurring variations -test scores used to determine placement -things often beyond out control
30
Competence
effective adaptation to the environment such that the individual shows a reasonable degree of success on developmental tasks
31
Resilience
overcoming adversity to achieve good developmental outcomes | -need attachment, academic achievement, and self-regulation
32
What are the Keystones to building Competence and Resilience (Shapiro)?
Attachment Academic Achievement Self-Regulation (all have a social and academic part)
33
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model
- Microsystem: immediate environments - Mesosystem: connections between systems - Exosystem: indirect environments - Macrosystem: social ideologies and cultural values - Chronosystem: transitions over time
34
What is the Paradox of School Psychology?
"To serve children effectively, school psychologists must, first and foremost, concentrate their attention and professional expertise on adults"
35
Refers to a set of strategies for selecting, implementing, and evaluating intervention programs based on the lawful principals of behavior
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) | -behavior always occurs in the function of stimuli in the environment
36
Achievement Gap
gap between White and minority students achievement in schools that has existed for decades
37
Apter's 4 Assumuptions of Ecological Model
- children are part of a social system - disturbance is not viewed as a disease but rather a discordance in the system - discordance may be defined as a disparity between individuals' abilities and the demands or expectations of environment - goal of any intervention is to make the system work
38
Best Practices in Urban Schools
- understand the urban population - adopt a strength-based model - seek out and utilize assets in the community - culturally responsive practice - adopt ecological perspective - use EBIs
39
Best Practices for Low SES
``` Universal Level: -staff training -family-school partnerships -establish community partnerships -seek out community organizations Tiers 2 and 3: -access to resources -find supports for families -after-school programming -individualized assessment and interventions -evaluate effectiveness and outcomes ```
40
Diversity
a lens to be able to see the difference in everyone but also see them all as the same
41
Multiculturalism
a process, an ideology, and a set of interventions in which school psychologists and other culturally competent professionals engage -an even bigger lens, more about bringing people together in general
42
Social Justice
the actions to promote equality and fairness
43
Race
- biological concept - refers to phenotypically distinct groups - does not make reference to any other distinguishing characteristics
44
Ethnicicty
- more narrow than race - reflects a micro-cultural group with shared history, culture, common values, and behaviors - leads to shared identity
45
Culture
a characteristic pattern of living, customs, traditions, values, and attitudes... and differences in language and religion - communicated across generations - dynamic, not static
46
Acculturation
process of psychological change in values, beliefs, and behaviors when adapting to a new culture, can be stressful
47
Worldview
one's insight regarding their culture and individuality | -includes group identity, individual identity, beliefs, languages, values
48
Atkinson's Model of Identity
- Conformity: id w/ dominant culture - Dissonance: experience confusion about stereotypes - Resistance & Immersion: reject dominant culture, accept own cultural group values - Introspection: reject rejection of dom culture, recognize value of dom and minority culture - Articulation & Awareness: select preferred elements from both
49
Wright Carroll's Bulletpoints to Change
Awareness -recognize their own and others cultural identities Acknowledgement -recognizing and accepting the multiculturalism in the schools Advocacy -transform what happens above to an action plan Action -more broad than advocacy and impacts more than 1 child/family -can lead to renewed awareness
50
5 Steps to Improving Cultural Awareness
1) Acknowledge prejudices and biases 2) Be aware of cultural standards, beliefs, and attitudes 3) Value existing diversity 4) Be willing to reach out to the community 5) Develop a comfort level in a variety of novel situations

School Psychology Ed.S. (7 decks)

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