Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
what social life system was typical for ancient china
A
feudal system (order from the top to the bottom)
2
Q
sports in ancient china
A
board games
archery
dancing
form of soccer
3
Q
social system in ancient india
A
caste system (you stayed in caste you were born in)
4
Q
asceticism
A
idea to purposely make body calm to reach higher level
5
Q
religious belief in ancient egypt
A
keep same body in afterlife
6
Q
physical activity in ancient egypt
A
swimming
hunting
fishing
7
Q
time of ancient egypt
A
1000 B.C.
8
Q
time of ancient middle east
A
1200 B.C.
9
Q
what did physical activitzy in ancient middle east include
A
focused more on war
horse riding
swimming
running
10
Q
what was typical for the structures of ancient greece
A
made up of city states (23)
11
Q
what did city states in ancient greece share
A
gods and games they participated in
12
Q
characteristics of Sparta
A
dominant city state
goal to produce the man of action
tough education of the physical
never gave up
13
Q
what were women in sparta trained for
A
to be strong mothers for strong sons
14
Q
funeral games in ancient greece
A
if a well known person died a city state competed against each other
15
Q
characteristics of Athens
A
later the dominant citiy state
goals: men of wisdom, harmony
education through physical
mentally, physically, and spiritually educated
16
Q
education of athenians
A
until age 14 in palestra
after in gymnasium
17
Q
characteristics of ancient olympic games
A
every 4 years
to honor Zeus
price olives
hosted in Olympia
18
Q
timespan of ancient olympic games
A
776 B.C. - 394 AD
19
Q
other ancient games
A
pythion games
herean games
20
Q
pax olympica
A
athletes travelling to the games were not allowed to be attacked
21
Q
list of ancient olympic sports
A
chariot racing, running, pencration, boxing, wrestling, Track/longjump/discuss/javelin, horse racing, pentathlon
22
Q
examples of cheating during the ancient olaympic games
A
fault starts, equipment, bribary, competing for other states
23
Q
why have the ancient olympic games stopped
A
christianity as new upcoming religion
cheating increased because of more money involved
roman empire became dominant
professional athletes
athletes from other empires wanted to join
mental skills became more important than physical
24
Q
time of ancient rome
A
1st BC - 5th AD
25
how did roman sport vary from greek sports
more violent and brutal
26
main events to see in roman empire
gladiator fights, charriot racing, theatre
27
what was education in ancient rome focused on
physical education, military focused
28
main locations for sporting events in ancient rome
circus maximus, circus flaminus, colosseum
29
why did the roman empire end
it became too big
too many slaves
corruption
too much freetime
30
how many different gladiator types exist
7 different weapons
31
what made roman sporting events unique
alcohol, cushion, parfume fountains, food
32
where we roman boys educated
at home
| exercise on campus martins
33
when did the last emperor rule the roman empire
476 AD
34
social life in during midevial age
```
no social mobility
stay in same social class in which you were born in
```
35
what event marks the end of the midevil age
renaissance
36
renaissance
rebirth of knowledge
37
what were the two institutions in which people were able to learn sth. during the midevil age
military (knights)
| church
38
widespread physical activity in the midevil age
horseback riding (knights)
archery (at end of battle king was shot in the eye)
hunting
39
where did the ancient mesoamerican ballgame take place
centroamerica
40
how did ancient mesoamerican ballgame work
ball had to put through a hoop without using hands
loser sacrificied body part
games to honor gods
41
different stages to become a knight
page (age 7-14)
| squire (14-21)
42
what was the main reason for the importance of knights
crusades (win back the holy land from muslims)
43
skills of knights
```
horse riding
archery
swimming
climbing
hand-to-hand combat
serving and jousting
```
44
what did industrialization in england lead to
codification of many team sports
45
what were first rules in games
regulation of size and time
46
who was targeted in terms of muscular christianity
men (white, young, wealthy, public(private)schools, church
47
reasons for mainly men participating in sports
muscular christianity
getting toughness through sports back
churches promoted team sports
48
what did sports for females do
exclusion
| during queen victoria era fashion made sports participation for females impossible
49
who organized sports in english public (called private) schools
students
| in U.S organized by the NCAA
50
what did muscular christianity include
philosophy to determine manliness, character, honor, sportsmanship, patriotism, christian character, beauty of athleticism
51
where did muscular christianity influence sport participation
england, U.K., Brittain, USA
52
When did muscular christianity influence sport participation
1840 - 1890
53
how does muscular christianity change sports
rules and teams
54
why did muscular christianity change sports
redefine toughness
individual revolution
less injury
55
oldest continously inhabited place in the US
Acome, New Mexico
56
when, where, and why did the french arrive in the US
when - 1500
where - north colonial US, canada
why - trapping, $
57
when, where, and why did the spanish arrive in the US
when - 1500s
where - florida
why - gold, religion (conversion)
58
when, where, and why did the english arrive in the US
when - 1607
where - Jameston VA
why - tobacco, $
59
when, where, and why did the african arrive in the US
when - 1619
where - virgina
why - slavery
60
what are the categories in which the 13 original colonies/proviences are divided into
new england
mid atlantic
south
61
charactersitcs of the new england "states"
smaller, closer together, colder, religious freedom, short growing season
62
characteristics of the mid atlantic "states"
plantation, colder weather than in south, larger growing season, better soild, religious importance, slavery
63
characteristics of the southern states
plantation, warmer weather than in south, larger growing season, better soild, religious importance, slavery
64
sports that were typical for people from the southern states
variations of football, criquet, bowling, shuffleboard, dancing, pitching bar, animal baiting
65
sports that were typical for people from the midwest
similar to souther sports + sledding and cold weather sports
66
sports that were typical for people from the New England states
activity was ok if it was productive
| limitations due to weaher and religion
67
native american sports
foot races, hunting, horseback riding, dancing, ring toss, lacross, boardgames
68
when, where, and why did native americans come to the us
when - from B.C. - 1100 A.D.
where - everywhere
why - land exploring, nomatic
69
when was the civil war
1861 - 1865
70
which sport was most effective by the civil war
baseball - soldiers played in open fields during off-time
| took over criquet
71
what caused in increase in sport participation during the civil war
work weet decreased
72
other important sports during the 1840s - 1920s
```
football
boxing
basketball
volleyball
bicycling
```
73
football during the 1840s - 1920s
mainly collegiate
74
boxing during 1840 - 1920s
gloves were added
became more organized
more people from poverty joined
75
which sports where invented during the 1840s - 1920s
basketball
| volleyball
76
bicycling during the 1840s - 1920s
growing population for women
| caused fashion to change - "rational" dress
77
what happens with sports in general during the 1840s - 1920s
became more organizedby the end of the period adding of leagues, stats, rules, refs...
78
who invented baseball
alexander cartwright
79
first african american professional baseball
moses fleetwood walker
80
main source of financial success during the 1840s - 1920s
railroads
steel
oil
81
what kind of invention changed sports within the 1840s - 1920s
```
lightbulbs
photography
sewing machine
railroad
telegraph
vulcanization of rubber
```
82
what were the first cities with original professional baseball teams
```
boston
NYC
chicago
philadelphia
cincinatti
st. louis
hearford
louisville
```
83
what is the oldest sport trophy
America´s Cup (1851)
| sailing
84
rowing as an activity
often practiced by working class people
85
rowing as a sport
created by wealthy people
| fees, recommendations, and rules excluded poor people
86
who was not allowed to compete in rowing in the 1840 - 1920s
professionals (anybody who has ever worked with their hands)
87
evolution of tennis in th 1840s - 1920s
raquet was strained with cat gut
originally called lawn tennis
for wealthy people
imported from england
88
what were new thoughts about sports in the 1840s - 1920s
could be benefitial for ones health
89
examples for organizations that were founded in the 1840s - 1920s to improve health and fitness
YMCA, YWCA
90
first intercollegiate event
rowing - oxford vs. camebridge in england
| harvard vs yale in us (1852)
91
what kind of event was harvard vs. yale´s rowing race
commercial event sponsored by railroads
92
first college football game
1869 organized by students
93
what was the social life goal in the 1880s - 1920s
life of idleness
| consipicious consumption - show what you have
94
what was a new upcoming sport in the 1880s - 1920s
golf coming from scotland
95
philanthropic organization
wealthy organizations that support other
| sport participation for everyone
96
Luther Gulick
director of YMCA in Springfield Massachustes
97
basketball in the 1880s - 1920s
invented by Naismith in the YMCA
designed for students
females played as well
98
volleyball in the 1880s - 1920s
invented by YMCA
| designed for older men who wanted to be physical
99
other important movements starting in the 1880 - 1920s
playground movement in boston
| anthropometry - body measurement
100
formation of NCAA
1905
| to control faculty and too many deaths in football
101
technological changes occuring 1900s - 1940s
results were communicated by radio and newspaper (reportes not at games)
102
golden age of sports in U.S
1920
103
why did sports experience a decrease in the late 1930s in the U.S.
due to the great depression
104
which sport experienced an increase in the 1900s - 1940s
golf
| opening of municipal golf courses
105
female sports participation in 1900s - 1940s
decrease in college sports
106
why did female participation in college sports decrease in the 1900s - 1940s
seperate departments for male and female P.E.female administrators made females stop participating because of fear of nerve fatigue
107
what alernative existed for females to play sports
play days
| telegraphic meets
108
baseball in the 1940s
integration of players from Negro leagues into pro sports
109
example for black player that got integrated into pro baseball league
jacky robinson
