Midterm Flashcards
supererogatory
payment beyond what is due or asked; more than what you want or need
Utility (as used by Mill)
Measure of pleasure and pain; pleasure itself, absence of pain
Euthyphro dialogue
socrates runs into Euthyphro outside the courthouse. Euthyphro is charging his dad with murder. one of his servants murdered someone, so he threw him in a ditch and he died.
what is piety
what is dear to the Gods is pious and what is not dear is impious
What is the Euthyphro dilemma?
Is a wrong action wrong because God forbids it or does God forbid it because it is wrong?
What are the two options to the Euthyphro dilemma?
option 1: A is wrong because God forbids it
Option 2: God forbids A because A is wrong
What is the problem with option 2 in the euthyphro dilemma?
there is no answer to the truth maker question. God drops out of morality. Moral standard of morality is independent of God; it changes is God is involved in the moral argument
How would a theist answer the truth maker question to Euthyphro Dilemma
option 1: God’s not going to command us in the wrong way; God’s will and command come fro his nature which is perfectly good
Option 2: objective moral truths are made truly by gods nature or created order
Hypothetical imperative
If you want x, do y
Categorical imperative
do x
What are maxims
Reason for acting; when we act, we act according to maxims
Universal law formulation of the categorical imperative
“act only in accordance with that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law”
whether you could will that everyone act just as you do and on your maxim
What does it mean for a maxim to be universal
Everyone can act on that maxim; an action is wrong if and only if its maxim isn’t universal. An action is permissible if and only if its maxim is universal
How to determine whether an action is wrong or permissible according to the universal law formulation of the categorical imperative
Step 1: figure out the maxim
Step 2: can you imagine a world in which everyone act on that maxim
Step 3: could you rationally will that everyone act on your maxim? can the goal of the action be achieved in such world?
Universal law formulation of the categorial imperative on lying promises
Contradiction in conception; breaks down at step 2; if everyone is making lying promises, we’d lose trust; promises would break and use value