midterm Flashcards
impairment
Any loss/ changes of psycho, phisio, anatom or function
Functional limitation
limitation from impairment , interfere with normal functioning
handicap
social disadvantage from impairment or disability
ATE Adapted Therapeutic Exercise
Modified exercise spcially designed to achieve or restore optimal motor function for person with I.D.F
Basic Components of ATE
- ROM & Flexibility
- Muscular strength & Endurance
- CV endurance
- Proprioception and balance
- Functional Motor Skills
Wolffs law
Human skelatal system adapts to force and stress placed on it
SAID Principle
Specific Adaption to Imposed demand
- Stresses and overloads of different intensities-> gradrual adaption overtime to over come demands
ROM
The amount of movement possible at joint
Flexibility
the ability of the muscle tendon unit to elongate a body segment or joint to move through ROM
Affecting Factors of ROM
- Muscle Flexibility
- Mobility of Joint Capsule
- Ligament & fascial restraints
- Inflammation
- Scar tissue
AAROM
Active Assistive ROM
CPM
Continum passive motion
easy glide, Gingerbread machine, Flexorcisor
Which is larger AROM or PROM
AROM
Screw home mechanism of the knee
as the knee flexes internally rotates and locks
benefit of dynamic stretching prior to sports participation
- gain in strength/ force output
Autogenic PNF
Recovery mode, self generated
Reciprocal PNF stretching
placing muscle in sleep mode
collagen
provides tissue strength and stiffness
strength training
Elastin fibers
provides extensability of structure( power training
Reticulin Fiber
repair of colloen
ground substance
structureless organic gels for friction reduction
Elasticity
ability to return to normal shape
plasticity
ability to change shape and size due to external force
Viscosity ( related to ground substance)
ability to resist a load that produces a shear force.
viscoelastcity
ability to resist change in shape but unable to completely return to former state after changing shape
( between elastic and plastic region)
Mechanical property of flexibility
- Elasticity
- plasticity
- viscosity
- viscoelasticity
Neurmuscular Property of Flexibility
- muscle spindle
- GTO
- Joint receptors
myostatic contracture
no specific tissue pathology can be resolved
adhesion contracture
Increase in cross bonding and adherence between fibers, loss of mobility
Irreversible contracture
permanent loss of extensibility in soft tissue
psuedomyostatic contractue
limit of motion due to hypertonicity
What is the difference between power and strength?
speed
strength
muscle ability to exert max force
muscle endurance
muscle ability to sustain sub max force
Main Factors for strength
- Cross sectional size (hypertrophy)
- recruitment of Motor Units
- Muscle Length-Tension relationship
- type of muscle activity
- muscle fiber type distribution
- speed of contraction
- motivation
greatest force in muscle when?
slightly lengthened
Is a slower contraction better or worse for muscle strength
better (greater torque - more muscle units)
muscle usually tear during what type of contraction?
eccentric
principle of strength training
- overload
- intensity
- progression
- specificity
- Consistency
- Individuality
- Variation of techniques
isometric strength exercise
static muscle contraction without musle length and joint motion
Isotonic strength exercise
dynamic muscle contraction to produce movement against load
Isokinetic streegth exercise
dynamic muscle contraction to produce movement at fixed velocity accommodating resistance
difference between Open and closed kinetic chain
Open is not weight bearing
