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ST Theory II > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Helminths

A

Parasitic worms

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2
Q

Rickettsia

A

Bacteria transmitted by insects

Can cause Rocky Mountain Spotted fever

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3
Q

Viruses

A

Cannot be treated with antibiotics

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4
Q

Hep A

A

Most common type of viral hep

Spread by ingestion of contaminated food and water or feces

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5
Q

Hep B

A

Transmitted by blood, saliva, semen, bodily fluids

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6
Q

Hep C

A

Bloodborne pathogen

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7
Q

Herpes

A

Carried by the herpes simplex virus
Causes cold sores on lips and mouth
Genital herpes in the perianal region

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8
Q

Herpes Zoster

A

Causes shingles

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9
Q

HPV

A

Venereal warts

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10
Q

Prions

A

Do not contain DNA or RNA and are resistant to routine methods of sterilization
Can cause CJD

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11
Q

Bacteria reproduction

A

Asexual by binary fission

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12
Q

How are bacteria identified

A

Gram stain

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13
Q

How are bacteria classified

A

Shapes

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14
Q

Cocci

A

Round or spherical

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15
Q

Streptococci

A

Appear in chains
Can live with or without Oxygen
Found in the upper respiratory tract, GI, GU

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16
Q

Staphylococci

A

Appear in clusters

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17
Q

Spirochetes

A

Spiral-shaped

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18
Q

Bacilli

A

Rod-shaped

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19
Q

Cell wall

A

Confines/protects

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20
Q

cytoplasmic membrane

A

the doorway to the cell

the site of enzyme production

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21
Q

cytoplasm

A

jellylike substance

where proteins are made

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22
Q

nuclear material

A

cell division

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23
Q

flagella

A

enhance motility

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24
Q

endospore

A

resistant shell

nonpathogenic forms are used to test sterilizer efficiently

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25
Q

Endemic

A

diseases that are present continually in the community

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26
Q

Epidemic

A

the appearance of an infectious disease that attacks many people at one time

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27
Q

Pandemic

A

an infectious disease that affects many people in multiple regions around the glove

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28
Q

Community-acquired infection

A

natural disease process present before the pt was admitted to the hospital

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29
Q

nosocomial infection

A

infection acquired in the hospital

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30
Q

superinfection

A

secondary infection that develops during or following antibiotic therapy

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31
Q

Exogenous

A

acquired from sources outside the body

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32
Q

endogenous

A

develops from sources within the body

why we do skin preps and practice bowel technique

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33
Q

Direct contact

A

hands
blood
bodily fluids

34
Q

indirect contact

A

airborne

transmission from touching contaminated fomites etc

35
Q

Cross infection

A

pt to pt

36
Q

Standard precautions

A

established by the CDC
combines universal precautions and body substance isolation
implemented when bodily fluids are encountered
enforced by OSHA

37
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus

A

most common pathogen causing SSI

transmitted by the nose and mouth

38
Q

Treponema Pallidum

A

Causes syphilis

39
Q

Clostridium Tetani

A

Causes lockjaw

Found in soil contaminated with animal feces

40
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Found in burns

41
Q

Clostridium Perfringens

A

Causes gas gangrene

42
Q

Bacillus stearothermophilus

A

spore used to test steam under pressure sterilisers

43
Q

3 phases of wound healing

A

Inflammatory
Proliferation
Remodeling

44
Q

3 phases of wound closure

A

primary intention
secondary intention
delayed primary

45
Q

Primary Intention

A

perfect case

wound edges are even and perfectly approximated

46
Q

Secondary Intention

A

skin edges cannot be brought together

granulation happens and there is suppuration

47
Q

Delayed primary

A

a combo of secondary and primary when the wound is heavily contaminated
closed only when the infection is under control

48
Q

Eukaryotes

A

all living things are made of this type of cell

49
Q

gram-negative bacteria

A

appear red from the safranin stain

50
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A

remain purple

51
Q

Lister

A

established the first principles of aseptic technique

52
Q

How long do we prep with 2 step prep?

A

10 minutes

53
Q

What prep is safe to use on the face?

A

hibiclens

54
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat MRSA?

A

vancomycin

55
Q

What does mycin mean?

A

Antibiotic

56
Q

List the drapes

A 
Extremity
Major laparotomy drape
Minor lap drape
Transverse drape
Lithotomy drape
Ear
Eye
Split sheet
Head/beck
Craniotomy
Heart
57
Q

What microbe is most commonly found colonizing human skin and mucosal surfaces?

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

58
Q

Clostridium is an example of

A

An anaerobic bacteria

59
Q

A round shaped cluster of bacteria is

A

Staphylococcus

60
Q

The bacteria causing deep tissue nosocomial infections is

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

61
Q

A mother who is nursing her infant is providing immunity to the child via which type of immunity?

A

Naturally acquired passive immunity

62
Q

Cyto/cell

A

The basic unit of structure

63
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Semipermeable boundary that acts as the doorway to the cell

64
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center (has DNA/RNA)

65
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Cellular material outside the nucleus

Contains organelles

66
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhous of the cell

Contains ATP

67
Q

Lysosomes

A

Perform digestive functions of the cell

68
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Delivers protein to the cell

69
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Transport system

Protein synthesis

70
Q

Ribosome

A

The site of protein synthesis

71
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Disarm free radicals

72
Q

Centrioles

A

Function during cell division

73
Q

Cilia

A

Hairlike structures

74
Q

Flagella

A

Whiplike structures

75
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Framework of the cell

76
Q

What are the 5 signs of infection

A 
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Disturbance of function
77
Q

Bacteria and viruses capable of causing disease are referred to as

A

Pathogenic

78
Q

Following a third degre burn a pt contracts a deep tissue infection. This infection is most likely caused by

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

79
Q

Hepatitis B is caused by a

A

Virus

80
Q

Organisms in an autoclave are destroyed because the process does what?

A

Coagulates cell protein

ST Theory II (5 decks)

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