Midterm Flashcards
• Direction of communication (upward, downward, horizontal)
online definition from www.nationalforum.com
upward Problems and exceptions suggestions for improvement \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ downward Implementation of goals, strategies, and objectives \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ horizontal Intradepartmental problem solving
• Informal/formal communication network
Use SLANG with caution. (informal)
Use JARGON judiciously. (formal)
• Transactional communication model & components
Communicator 1: (sends/receives) and (encodes/decodes)
——-> Channel contains NOISE (message)
Communicator 2: (sends/receives) and (encodes/decodes)
• What communication is and what communication is not
rate as 5, did not find an answer
.
• Types of listeners
-assuming she meant listening style
- relational (emotional connection)
- analytical (details/perspectives)
- task (efficient/impatient)
- cuticle (quality/accuracy)
• Content vs. relational messages
online definition
content
literal, or denotative, information in a message
relationship
expresses the relationship between communicators
• How to improve your listening skills
rate as 5, did not find an answer
.
• Powerful vs. powerless speech
online definition
powerful is more direct
• Low context culture vs. high context culture
High context:
Relies on subtle, often non verbal cues to convey meaning and maintain social HARMONY
______________________
Low Context:
Uses language to express thoughts as clearly and LOGICALLY as possible.
______________________
Examples:
Western: “Do you understand”
-Responsibly placed on listener
Chinese: “Am I being clear?”
-Speaker takes responsibility for the understanding
• Individualistic culture vs. collectivistic culture
Individualism:
a society which is characterized by individualism
Ex: USA
______________________
Collectivism:
is one that’s based on valuing needs of a group/community
• How can you study the organizational culture
online definition study.com
Every organization develops and maintains a unique culture, which provides guidelines and boundaries for the behavior of the members of the organization
• Listening barriers
online definition from www.activia.co.uk
1) Distractions.
2) Noise.
3) Interruptions.
4) Prejudice.
5) Lack of interest.
• Equivocal terms/abstract terms
equivocal equivocal words have more than one dictionary definition and thus misunderstandings are simple \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ abstract terms stereotyping and confusing others
• Audience analysis/audience adaptation
online definition
is the process of acquiring information about an audience in order to adapt a speech.
• Polychronic vs. monochronic time orientation
monochronic
Cultures that embrace doing ONE thing at a time in an orderly fashion. Interruption isn’t the best course of action. Commitment and focusing are taken seriously. EX: USA
______________________
Polychronic:
MULTITASKING focused cultures, distractions can appear a lot but they learn how to easily manage it. Plans can change often and easily.
______________________
Both don’t interact with each other well and misunderstanding can easily happen if both sides are not informed.
• General goal statement
(online definition www.extension.iastate.edu) ??
how you will achieve your vision
• Specific goal statement
(online definition www.extension.iastate.edu) ??
objective. specific milestones with a specific timeline for achieving a goal.
• Different communication contexts
online definition from http://open.lib.umn.edu/
intrapersonal involves one person \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ interpersonal, normally involves two people, and can range from intimate and very personal to formal and impersonal \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ group small number of people engage in a conversation. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ public one person speaks to a group of people \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ mass communication involves sending a single message to a group
• A culture within a culture
online definition
Culture is symbolic communication. Some of its symbols include a group’s skills, knowledge, attitudes, values, and motives.
• Different types of delivery for a presentation
1) manuscript
2) memorized
3) extemporaneous (prepared)
4) impromptu (no practice, winging it)
• Ethnocentrism
online definition
refers to the tendency to assume that one’s own culture and way of life are superior to all others.
• Dangers of presentation software
rate as 5, did not find an answer
.
• Designing effective visual aids
visual aids notes
-less is more
watch:
- color contrasts
- font size and type
- color
- photos and images
- anchor slides (even on both sides of slides)
• Trigger words
Negative trigger words will often build up resentment and, at the very least, create resistance to forward positive direction in the conversation.
• Rapport vs. report
online definition
Rapport
establishing connections and negotiating relationships
Report
independence and negotiate and maintain status
• Cultural differences in nonverbal communication (there are examples in the book)
(online definition)
Eye contact Touch Gestures Physical Space Facial Expressions Posture Paralanguage
• Paralanguage, appearance…other nonverbal categories
- Appearance
- Face
- Eyes aka _____
Eyes: oculesics
There are 7 universal facial expressions
• Paralanguage, appearance…other nonverbal categories
Posture and movement aka _____
kinesics
-body movements
• Paralanguage, appearance…other nonverbal categories
Personal Space and Distance aka _____.
proxemics
• Paralanguage, appearance…other nonverbal categories
Time aka _____.
chronemics
• Feminine vs. masculine communication styles
Feminine Speech
- _____ talk (makes connections)
- _____ tool
(starred on my notes)
- RAPPORT talk (makes connections, also contains two Ps
- EXPRESSIVE tool
- Supportive
- Tentative (powerless and not as confident)
• Feminine vs. masculine communication styles
Masculine speech
- _____ talk
- _____tool (solves and fixes)
(starred on my notes)
- RAPORT talk (one P)
- INSTRUMENTAL tool (solves and fixes)
- [Gives] Advice
- Assertive
- Dominant
