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Criminology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

3 C’s of criminal justice

A

Courts
Cops
Corrections

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2
Q

When did Criminology emerge

A

19th century

20th century in Canada

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3
Q

CSI Effect

A

notion that jury members now expect to see high level of forensic evidence in order to arrive at a finding of guilt

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4
Q

which decades saw an increase in crime rates

A

60’s,70’s,80’s

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5
Q

5 frameworks of crime

A

Classical
Positivism
Normative

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6
Q

5 frameworks of crime

A 
Classical
Positivism
Normative
Legal
Critical
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7
Q

What has not been among the successes of the victims rights unit

A

An influx of support and counselling resources for victims

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8
Q

T/F the earliest written legal codes appeared on rock columns in Mesopotamia circa 2000 B.C

A

True

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9
Q

T/F The definition of “media” that is employed in Chapter 2 of the textbook includes newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and movies, but does not include video games, music videos, and social media.

A

False

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10
Q

According to the 2009 General Social Survey, the top reason why victimization is not reported to the police is?

A

It is considered not to be important enough

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11
Q

Stare decisis

A

the rule of precedent “to stand by things decided”

Court follows law established in previous courts

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12
Q

Criminal Law vs Civil Law

A 
Criminal: 
-prosecuted by state
-proof beyond a reasonable doubt
-criminal penalties
Civil:
-Party who feels wronged brings civil suit
-Does not involve imprisonment
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13
Q

Indictable offence vs Summary offence

A 
Indictable(felony):
-serious(murder,robbery)
-preliminary hearing
-lengthy imprisonment
Summary(misdemeanor):
-not as serious(theft of less than $5000)
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14
Q

Actus reus

A

Guilty act

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15
Q

Mens rea

A

Intent to commit crime

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16
Q

4 schools of thought measuring crime

A

Structuralist
Positivist
Constructionist
Integrationalist

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17
Q

Structuralist on measuring crime

A
  • conflict theory
  • question relevance of crime statistics
  • why do we describe killings by individuals as murder but death caused by businesses as civil matter
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18
Q

Positivist on measuring crime

A
  • criminal code as societal consensus about criminal behaviour
  • crime statistics as objective,reliable
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19
Q

constructionist on measuring crime

A
  • social process

- police create and choose crime statistics

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20
Q

Integrationalist on measuring crime

A

-Combination of all schools of thought

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21
Q

When was the Uniform crime report implemented

A

1962

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22
Q

When was the second uniform crime report implemented

A

1982

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23
Q

Crime severity index

A

More serious crimes carry higher weight
Counts all offences
Based on length of sentence

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24
Q

What trend is seen in crime rates over the years by CSI

A

slight increase in 2015/16, significantly lower than 1998

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25
Principles of Sir Robert Peel
- Crime prevention - Public must approve of/respect police - Public must see obeying laws as in their best interest - Use of physical force must be little - Commitment to everyone in society regardless of where they're from - job of police not to act as judge - police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder
26
What year did the RNWMP and dominion police join to become RCMP
1920
27
7 core characteristics of cop culture- robert reiner
1. Mission-action-cynicism-pessimism 2. Suspicion 3. Isolation/solidarity(difficulty having relationships) 4. Police conservativism 5. Machismo(thrill of the chase,sexism,alcoholism) 6. Racial prejudice 7. Pragmatism(least amount of fuss/paperwork)
28
What is punishment 8 principles
1. Unpleasant for person being punished 2. Must be for an offence 3. Must be the work of personal agencies 4. Must be imposed by an authority conferred by institution 5. Must be of an offender 6. Pain must be intentional not accidental 7. Punished as response to offence 8. Imposed bu judicial
29
T/F According to Lombroso all criminals are atavistic
True
30
T/F capital punishment formally ended in canada in 1962
False it was 1976
31
3 limits of general deterrence strategies
- proper level of punishment - is level of severity applicable to all future offenders - non-ration actors/emotion based crime - will potential offenders know actual severity of punishment
32
Problem frame
- A narrative that is easily understood - Focuses on something extraordinarily bad that affects many people - Calls out for a solution to the problem, to be provided by the police, the government, etc.
33
Criminal Defences
- Ignorance - Not criminally responsible - Intoxication - duress - Necessity - Self defence - Entrapment
34
Duress
- Threatened with physical harm, - has to be immediate - does not excuse murder
35
Necessity
Avoid harm caused by natural forces
36
Entrapment
Pushed by law enforcement
37
Classical framework of crime
- Beccaria - Crime as rational activity - emphasis on fairness and rule of law
38
Positivist framework of crime
- Lombroso - Scientific method - product of defective minds and bodies - scientific racism
39
Normative framework of crime
- Durkheim - crime as normal,necessary,functional - crimes identify behaviors that are acceptable/unacceptable - catalyst of social change/indicator of social health
40
Cesare Beccaria
- Viewed criminal as rational - laws are to ensure security - punishment should be public,speedy and necessary
41
Marx vs Durkheim
- Durkeim viewed crime as an indicator of social health, marx viewed crime as symptom of social inequality - durkeim thought crimes identified behaviors that were (un)acceptable while marx thought laws were to protect the wealthy
42
legal framework of crime
- law defines crime, issue is how to identify and classify it - acts prohibited,prosecuted and punished by criminal law
43
critical framework of crime
crime is about social injury and harm regardless of the criminal code
44
lex talionis
an eye for an eye
45
Purpose of nwmp
Secure and police western territories
45
How much crime is reported to police
1/3
45
Penal welfare
Rehabilitation
46
Theories of punishment
Consequentialist-prevent future crime (deterrence,rehabilitation,incapacitation) Retributive-punishing crimes already committed
47
Emile Durkheim penology theory
Social solidarity for law abiding citizens Innovation, social change
48
Marx penology theory
Historical analysis of prisons/punishment correspond with availability of labour Prisons exploitable source of labour
49
Michael Foucault penology theory
Challenge Marx Power is everywhere Prison about new technological powers
50
Elias penology theory
Violence is brought under control through a gradual process
51
What year was the jury independence:bushel case
1670
52
Purpose of criminal law
Deterrence Denunciation Retribution
53
Criminology is
Study of crime Multidisciplinary Offers advice on crime policies Challenges common sense thinking
54
Moral panic
Concern Hostility towards targeted group Consensus that threat is real and serious Disproportionately Sudden appearance and disappearance of threat (volatility)
55
Why victims do t report crimes
1. Feel they aren’t important enough 2. Think there is nothing police can do to help 3. Deal with it in another manner
56
Gss 3 categories of crime
Violent victimization Theft of personal property Household victimization
57
Britain/America influence on Canadian policing
British-administrative control | America-forceful, technology driven
58
Situational crime prevention, target hardening, and crime prevention through product design have their roots in rational choice theory T/F
True
59
Gresham Sykes and David Matza’s theory around “techniques of neutralization” attempts to provide a comprehensive account for the means by which criminal justice agencies can ‘neutralize’ deviant behaviours.
False

Criminology (2 decks)

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