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Criminology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

3 C’s of criminal justice

A

Courts
Cops
Corrections

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2
Q

When did Criminology emerge

A

19th century

20th century in Canada

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3
Q

CSI Effect

A

notion that jury members now expect to see high level of forensic evidence in order to arrive at a finding of guilt

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4
Q

which decades saw an increase in crime rates

A

60’s,70’s,80’s

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5
Q

5 frameworks of crime

A

Classical
Positivism
Normative

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6
Q

5 frameworks of crime

A 
Classical
Positivism
Normative
Legal
Critical
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7
Q

What has not been among the successes of the victims rights unit

A

An influx of support and counselling resources for victims

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8
Q

T/F the earliest written legal codes appeared on rock columns in Mesopotamia circa 2000 B.C

A

True

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9
Q

T/F The definition of “media” that is employed in Chapter 2 of the textbook includes newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and movies, but does not include video games, music videos, and social media.

A

False

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10
Q

According to the 2009 General Social Survey, the top reason why victimization is not reported to the police is?

A

It is considered not to be important enough

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11
Q

Stare decisis

A

the rule of precedent “to stand by things decided”

Court follows law established in previous courts

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12
Q

Criminal Law vs Civil Law

A 
Criminal: 
-prosecuted by state
-proof beyond a reasonable doubt
-criminal penalties
Civil:
-Party who feels wronged brings civil suit
-Does not involve imprisonment
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13
Q

Indictable offence vs Summary offence

A 
Indictable(felony):
-serious(murder,robbery)
-preliminary hearing
-lengthy imprisonment
Summary(misdemeanor):
-not as serious(theft of less than $5000)
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14
Q

Actus reus

A

Guilty act

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15
Q

Mens rea

A

Intent to commit crime

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16
Q

4 schools of thought measuring crime

A

Structuralist
Positivist
Constructionist
Integrationalist

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17
Q

Structuralist on measuring crime

A
  • conflict theory
  • question relevance of crime statistics
  • why do we describe killings by individuals as murder but death caused by businesses as civil matter
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18
Q

Positivist on measuring crime

A
  • criminal code as societal consensus about criminal behaviour
  • crime statistics as objective,reliable
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19
Q

constructionist on measuring crime

A
  • social process

- police create and choose crime statistics

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20
Q

Integrationalist on measuring crime

A

-Combination of all schools of thought

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21
Q

When was the Uniform crime report implemented

A

1962

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22
Q

When was the second uniform crime report implemented

A

1982

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23
Q

Crime severity index

A

More serious crimes carry higher weight
Counts all offences
Based on length of sentence

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24
Q

What trend is seen in crime rates over the years by CSI

A

slight increase in 2015/16, significantly lower than 1998

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25
Q

Principles of Sir Robert Peel

A
  • Crime prevention
  • Public must approve of/respect police
  • Public must see obeying laws as in their best interest
  • Use of physical force must be little
  • Commitment to everyone in society regardless of where they’re from
  • job of police not to act as judge
  • police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder
26
Q

What year did the RNWMP and dominion police join to become RCMP

A

1920

27
Q

7 core characteristics of cop culture- robert reiner

A
  1. Mission-action-cynicism-pessimism
  2. Suspicion
  3. Isolation/solidarity(difficulty having relationships)
  4. Police conservativism
  5. Machismo(thrill of the chase,sexism,alcoholism)
  6. Racial prejudice
  7. Pragmatism(least amount of fuss/paperwork)
28
Q

What is punishment 8 principles

A
  1. Unpleasant for person being punished
  2. Must be for an offence
  3. Must be the work of personal agencies
  4. Must be imposed by an authority conferred by institution
  5. Must be of an offender
  6. Pain must be intentional not accidental
  7. Punished as response to offence
  8. Imposed bu judicial
29
Q

T/F According to Lombroso all criminals are atavistic

A

True

30
Q

T/F capital punishment formally ended in canada in 1962

A

False it was 1976

31
Q

3 limits of general deterrence strategies

A
  • proper level of punishment
  • is level of severity applicable to all future offenders
  • non-ration actors/emotion based crime
  • will potential offenders know actual severity of punishment
32
Q

Problem frame

A
  • A narrative that is easily understood
  • Focuses on something extraordinarily bad that affects many people
  • Calls out for a solution to the problem, to be provided by the police, the government, etc.
33
Q

Criminal Defences

A
  • Ignorance
  • Not criminally responsible
  • Intoxication
  • duress
  • Necessity
  • Self defence
  • Entrapment
34
Q

Duress

A
  • Threatened with physical harm,
  • has to be immediate
  • does not excuse murder
35
Q

Necessity

A

Avoid harm caused by natural forces

36
Q

Entrapment

A

Pushed by law enforcement

37
Q

Classical framework of crime

A
  • Beccaria
  • Crime as rational activity
  • emphasis on fairness and rule of law
38
Q

Positivist framework of crime

A
  • Lombroso
  • Scientific method
  • product of defective minds and bodies
  • scientific racism
39
Q

Normative framework of crime

A
  • Durkheim
  • crime as normal,necessary,functional
  • crimes identify behaviors that are acceptable/unacceptable
  • catalyst of social change/indicator of social health
40
Q

Cesare Beccaria

A
  • Viewed criminal as rational
  • laws are to ensure security
  • punishment should be public,speedy and necessary
41
Q

Marx vs Durkheim

A
  • Durkeim viewed crime as an indicator of social health, marx viewed crime as symptom of social inequality
  • durkeim thought crimes identified behaviors that were (un)acceptable while marx thought laws were to protect the wealthy
42
Q

legal framework of crime

A
  • law defines crime, issue is how to identify and classify it
  • acts prohibited,prosecuted and punished by criminal law
43
Q

critical framework of crime

A

crime is about social injury and harm regardless of the criminal code

44
Q

lex talionis

A

an eye for an eye

45
Q

Purpose of nwmp

A

Secure and police western territories

45
Q

How much crime is reported to police

A

1/3

45
Q

Penal welfare

A

Rehabilitation

46
Q

Theories of punishment

A

Consequentialist-prevent future crime (deterrence,rehabilitation,incapacitation)

Retributive-punishing crimes already committed

47
Q

Emile Durkheim penology theory

A

Social solidarity for law abiding citizens

Innovation, social change

48
Q

Marx penology theory

A

Historical analysis of prisons/punishment correspond with availability of labour

Prisons exploitable source of labour

49
Q

Michael Foucault penology theory

A

Challenge Marx

Power is everywhere

Prison about new technological powers

50
Q

Elias penology theory

A

Violence is brought under control through a gradual process

51
Q

What year was the jury independence:bushel case

A

1670

52
Q

Purpose of criminal law

A

Deterrence
Denunciation
Retribution

53
Q

Criminology is

A

Study of crime
Multidisciplinary
Offers advice on crime policies
Challenges common sense thinking

54
Q

Moral panic

A

Concern
Hostility towards targeted group
Consensus that threat is real and serious
Disproportionately
Sudden appearance and disappearance of threat (volatility)

55
Q

Why victims do t report crimes

A
  1. Feel they aren’t important enough
  2. Think there is nothing police can do to help
  3. Deal with it in another manner
56
Q

Gss 3 categories of crime

A

Violent victimization
Theft of personal property
Household victimization

57
Q

Britain/America influence on Canadian policing

A

British-administrative control

America-forceful, technology driven

58
Q

Situational crime prevention, target hardening, and crime prevention through product design have their roots in rational choice theory T/F

A

True

59
Q

Gresham Sykes and David Matza’s theory around “techniques of neutralization” attempts to provide a comprehensive account for the means by which criminal justice agencies can ‘neutralize’ deviant behaviours.

A

False

Criminology (2 decks)

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