Exam

Question 1

Situational crime prevention, target hardening, and crime prevention through product design have their roots in rational choice theory T/F

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Gresham Sykes and David Matza’s theory around “techniques of neutralization” attempts to provide a comprehensive account for the means by which criminal justice agencies can ‘neutralize’ deviant behaviours. T/F

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Control theorist such as Travis hirschi believe that all humans are inclined towards crime, what needs to be explained is thus why there is so little crime T/F

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to Kirsten Kramer, feminisms limited position within textbooks is a reflection of its limited impact on the criminal justice sytem T/F

Answer 4

False

Question 5

From the years 1928 to 1972 sterilizations , both compulsory and optional were performed on nearly 300 ‘unfit’ individuals of varying ages and ethnicities in Canada T/F

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Robert Hare’s Psychopathic checklist can easily detect future violent criminals T/F

Answer 6

False

Question 7

In concert with early positivist theories of criminality, the revival of biological theories argued that criminality has causal properties that link bodily characteristics to definitive forms of behaviour T/F

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Labelling theory is a sociological theory of crime, but its main impact in criminology has been to redirect a focus on the social processes of criminalization. T/F

Answer 8

True

Question 9

A key distinction between sociological and psychological approaches to crime is that psychological scholars cannot consider broader cultural or environmental forces to explain crime. T/F

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Otto Pollak argued that women are socially oppressed by men, but nonetheless have an inherent deceitfulness that drives them towards criminality. T/F

Answer 10

True

Question 11

The theory of differential association explains how individuals develop definitions that are favourable or unfavourable towards criminal codes T/F

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Contemporary criminology is a multi-disciplinary field, bound by empirical topics of research, which aims more toward explaining practices of criminality and criminalization rather than providing comprehensive and preventative formulas for a crime-free society. T/F

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Edwin Sutherland asserted that criminal behaviour was the result of genetic defects, criminal psychopathy, and/or feeble-mindedness. T/F

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Situational crime prevention, target hardening, and crime prevention through product design have their roots in rational choice theory. T/F

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is brain damage caused by genetic disorders which may result in permanent or temporary cognitive, physical, emotional, or behavioural impairments, and has been linked to the commission of criminal acts. T/F

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Agnew thought that explaining crime was more effective by focusing on trigger events rather than opportunity structures

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Which of the following theoretical approaches (or schools) is least interested in the role of language and communication in processes of constituting norms, deviance, and criminality:

a) Chicago School
b) Labelling theory
c) Constitutional theories
d) Social learning theory

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Henry Goddard promoted a view of criminality that argued bad genes are likely to produce law-transgressing citizens T/F

Answer 18

True

Question 19

The relationship between sociology and criminology can be traced back in part to the Chicago School and its work on social disorganization theory.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Early studies on criminal families, like The Jukes and The Kallikak Family, utilized detailed family genealogies to argue that genetic make-up predestines actors towards crime

Answer 20

True

Question 21

In surveying the landscape of mainstream criminology, feminist criminologists noted that much of this work was patriarchal in nature. The disregard for the role that capitalism plays in crime was advanced by feminist criminologists T/F

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Who are the two people related to the Classical School? (Bonus)

Answer 22

Cesare Beccaria

Jeremy Bentham

Question 23

Who is the Feeble Minded Inspector? (Bonus)

Answer 23

Helen MacMurchy

Question 24

Who is the Guest Speaker on Indigenous rights? (Bonus)

Answer 24

Colleen Cardinal