Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PS 175 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Clean Air Act

A

grants power to the EPA to establish national ambient air quality standards that protects public health and public welfare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clean Air Act successes

A
  • Lead in air decreased by 99% from
  • Carbon monoxide down 62%
  • S02 down 59% from coal
  • smog less visible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clean Air Act failures

A
  • Ozone levels that aren’t up to standards affecting 119 mil people
  • Confusion over good ozone vs. bad ozone
  • limitations to regulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Yes, we should regulate greenhouse gases because….

A
  • GHG poses a legitimate threat to humans

- Regulate point sources (tax/fines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

No, we should NOT regulate greenhouse gases because…

A
  • very, very expensive
  • poor/uncertain data due to scientific complexity
  • major atmospheric delays
  • placing blame?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Clean Water Act

A

“the discharge of any pollutant by any person” to the waters of the US, unless discharger has a permit and complies with conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clean Water Act Successes

A
  • decreased hazardous chemicals in drinking water
  • wildlife are protected
  • better treated sewage systems
  • Wetland loss down 90%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clean Water Act Failures

A
  • non-point
  • Rivers and Lakes
  • Flint!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rinquist Reading Purpose

A

Explains that citizens prefer/favor stringent environmental policies but weak policies are being implemented compared to other countries of scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rinquist Reading Thesis

A
  • Legislators’ defection from campaign promises

- legislators in SMDs have less stringent environmental policies than in PR systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rinquist Reading Evidence

A

Created measures/scales to gauge political defection and created percentages representing these policy decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What dictates a legislators vote towards environmental legislation?

A

Democratic Party identification, more liberal position, and an environmental constituency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The Three “I’s”

A
  • Interests, institutions, ideas

- Environmental politics is how institutions of governance aggregate interests to translate ideas into policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

“Shrink Bears Ears” Article

A
  • public lands shrinking was a top priority for Utah officials, like Orrin Hatch who pitched the anti-monument case as a “fight back against Washington overreach”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

“National Monuments” Chapter

A
  • Executive Pathways has taken on increasing importance as a policymaking path
  • Ex: Antiquities Act
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Executive’s Legislative Powers

A

veto power, messages to Congress, special session, general influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Executive’s Judicial Powers

A

Appointing public officials (like judges), pardons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Executive’s Executive Powers

A

Executive orders, national guard, protect security and economy in times of war, foreign affairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Trump’s 2017 Attack on the Environment

A
  • 2 memos to reduce regulations, approve pipelines
  • Rolling back the “Clean Water Rule”
  • Exploring offshore energy prospects
  • Reviewing Obama’s orders to protect national lands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Preservation

A
  • Leave it as you found it
  • John Muir
  • Yosemite, national parks system
21
Q

Conservation

A
  • Use it, but don’t wipe it out
  • Gifford Pinchot
  • Bureau of Land Management areas, forest service
22
Q

Antiquities Act of 1906

A

“nearly unfettered discretion” for the “protection of objects of historic and scientific interest”

23
Q

Massachusetts v. Epa

A
  • Mass. had to challenge a decision by the EPA not to regulate GHG emissions from new motor vehicles under CAA
  • Narrowly, no more than a provision to the Clean Air Act. Broadly, the majority’s “no-nonsense” acknowledgement of the science of climate change has put global warming on the legal map in no uncertain terms
24
Q

Cap and Trade

A

Goal was to hold businesses to their emissions targets while providing them flexibility

25
Q

Environmental Externality

A
  • Something bad that is a part of a cost that you are not charged for
  • Ex: gas prices don’t account for the cost of emitting fumes into the air
26
Q

Case Requirements

A

Injury, causation, redressability

27
Q

CAA Amendments of 1990

A
  • Included SO2 allowance trading program
  • It worked because it focused on industry, didn’t impact citizens, cheap scrubbers, “dirty coal” to “clean coal”
  • Republicans worked to destroy something they created
28
Q

Environmental Monitoring Article

A
  • M & E activities generate substantial deterrence, as targeted facilities increase compliance and reduce emissions for several periods following regulator actions
  • Improves compliance and encourages greater pollution reductions at plants that are already in compliance
29
Q

The Administrative Branch

A
  • Cabinet departments, agencies, and many sub-agencies

- Means by which the government administers public policy

30
Q

Environmental Regulation

A

Limited set of tools aimed at solving separate problems that impact complex environmental issues

31
Q

3 Steps to align regulatory policy with political objectives

A

1) Risk Assessment (human/ecological health)
2) Cost-Benefit Analysis (positive/negative consequences of a regulation
3) IS NOT the precautionary principle (protect the public from harm where there is plausible risk

32
Q

Arsenic and the Safe Water Drinking Act (1974)

A

US did not implement standards as high as the rest of the world until early 2000s and even then it was not on par with other orgs like WHO

33
Q

Agency Capture

A

groups being regulated are agency’s clients and with an influence on agency, it becomes “captured”

34
Q

Iron Triangle

A

Agency Congressional Committees Interest Groups

35
Q

Deepwater Horizon

A
  • Instance of Agency Capture that fit the mold of an iron triangle
  • Collusion; regulators benefitting from not doing anything, but also tasked with pollution compliance
36
Q

Specific Deterrence

A

Regulatory action to deter subsequent violations at specific locations

37
Q

General Deterrence

A

Actions aimed at one facility generate spillover to the other locations

38
Q

Police Patrols

A
  • Type of congressional oversight tool

- policing executive branch programs and agencies to reduce “violations”

39
Q

Fire Alarms

A
  • Type of congressional oversight tool

- lets others raise the alarm; more indirect; like “public comment”; passes the cost to others

40
Q

Electoral Demands

A

Congresspeople are single-minded seekers of reelection; credit-claiming and position-taking

41
Q

Agency Organization

A

(Weber) Hierarchy, authority, uniform application of the law, norms as an organization which creates the rules, not the people

42
Q

Street-Level Bureaucracy

A

Street-level discretion, going native encourages differential application of goals

43
Q

Members of the Public’s Implications

A
  • Voice is through vote
  • High political power has more voice
  • Live in the same community as managers
44
Q

Interest Group’s Implications

A

organized group of individuals pursuing specific goals

45
Q

Wildfire Policies in the US

A
  • There has been industry capture of the US Forest Service for roughly 30 years
  • Now, there is an issue network
46
Q

Issue Network

A

A collection of people in and out of government who interact on a policy issue

47
Q

Teddy Roosevelt and the “Burn”… Article (NPR)

A

1910 fire served to strengthen the fledgling US Forest Service and rally public opinion behind Roosevelt’s plan to protect national lands

48
Q

“Beyond Smoke and Mirrors” Dellasala et. al

A

Fire policy must be shaped by an emphasis on fundamental approaches to restoring or maintaining ecological integrity, a real understanding of the nature and extent of all the risks to both humans and wildlands, and a realization of the agencies’ budgetary and personnel capabilities

PS 175 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions