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Addictions > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Sociological Model focuses on the effects of overt _______ on addiction

A

Capitalism

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2
Q

Less severe drug use problem = _______ likely to have completed previous treatment

A

More

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3
Q

What is one benefit of the sociological model?

A

Examining the social influence of behaviour can serve to position and conceptualize treatment models and approaches

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4
Q

Traditional perspectives on substance misuse treatment in corrections emphasizes _______ community and _______ programs which are _______ in prison environment since offenders are prone to _______

A

Therapeutic
12-Step programs
Problematic
Manipulation

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5
Q

What negative impacts does alcohol have on other’s?

A

Insulting or humiliating
Argument or quarrels
Verbal abuse
Being a passenger of a drunk driver

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6
Q

How much did the Canadian government lose to substance use in 2009?

A

$40 Billion

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7
Q

Which model of addiction believes there is a genetic predisposition which leads to an inherited vulnerability to addiction?

A

Biological Model

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8
Q

What effects has the Moral model of addictions had on US Drug policy and prison population?

A

It has heavily influence US drug policy and driven up the prison population

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9
Q

The Risk Principle:

  • _______ risk cases have most to gain and respond better to _______ treatment
  • _______ risk cases do better with minimal treatment
  • Placing _______ risk offenders with _______ risk offenders may make them worse
A

High, Intensive
Low
Low, High

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10
Q

_______ use has increased drastically while _______ use has dropped and _______ use has only increased slightly

A

Cocaine
Heroin
Cannabis

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11
Q

Alcohol mostly highly correlated with _______ crimes

A

Violent

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12
Q

Effective correctional programs should be monitored and _______ for constant _______

A

Researched

Improvement

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13
Q

What are some criticisms of the Sociological model of addiction?

A

Does not take into account individual difference or psychological/biological factors
Offers no real direct aid, support or help

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14
Q

Which model of addiction would ask - ‘How do large issues such as inequality, poverty, race, gender, social disorganization, and peers/parental behaviour influence drug use and addiction?’

A

Sociological Model

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15
Q

What are some criticisms of the Biological model of addiction?

A

Lacks comprehensive integrated theory - inconsistent research
Many aspects of addiction do not mirror disease process

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16
Q

Canadians among the _______ consumers of psychotropic medications

A

Heaviest

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17
Q

As severity of drug use goes up the _______ impact on different areas in life _______

A

Negative

Increases

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18
Q

AA Step 7: Humbly asked Him to remove our shortcoming

A

Recognizing that we must change the ways we are doing things that don’t work

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19
Q

What is the most used substance amongst youth in Canada?

A

Alcohol

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20
Q

Harm reduction refocuses the attention away from _______ towards _______ of drug use

A

Drugs

Consequences

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21
Q

What the most common types of drinkers?

A

Light, infrequent - 40%

Light, frequent - 30%

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22
Q

Between 70-80% of offenders have _______ _______ problems

A

Substance misuse

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23
Q

What are some criticisms of the Moral model of addictions?

A

Offers no real help, not very humanistic
No developed theoretical perspective
Lacks evidence for effectiveness of punishment on problematic use reduction

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24
Q

Offender populations represent one of the most _______ substance misusing populations

A

Severe

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25
Q

Traditional perspectives on substance misuse treatment in corrections are _______ based with no _______ support that they are effective

A

Belief

Empirical

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26
Q

AA Step 2: Came to believe a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanit

A

Hope - realizing that recovery is possible

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27
Q

What is diversion?

A

Use of prescription drugs for purposes other than that for which they are intended or prescribed

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28
Q

Which model of addictions implies that drug users are bad or sinful people and that there is something morally wrong with users

A

Moral Model

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29
Q

What is the main belief behind the Cognitive, Social, Psychological model of addiction?

A

Problematic use evolves in response to a variety of personal, psychological, social, and contextual factors

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30
Q

AA Step 5: Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs

A

Recognizing the impact of your behaviour and expressing it to someone else

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31
Q

Severe drug users make up the _______ percent of the offender population

A

Lowest

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32
Q

What area did Canada lose the most money in relation to substance use?

A

Productivity loss

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33
Q

AA Step 12: Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all of our affairs

A

Helping others the way you were helped, practicing everything you have learned

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34
Q

AA Step 1: We admitted we were powerless over alcohol - that our lives had become unmanageable

A

Admitting the severity of the problem and coming forward

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35
Q

Which model of addictions resorts to punishment as treatment for addiction?

A

Moral Model

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36
Q

Which substances cost Canada the most money

A

Tobacco and Alcohol

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37
Q

What treatment does the Sociological model of addiction focus on?

A

Societal changes, not the individual

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38
Q

Effective correctional treatment programs are multi-faceted - use multiple _______, there is no one _______

A

Approaches

Solution

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39
Q

What does agonist drug therapy too?

A

Drug replacement therapy - replaces problematic drug

Binds to receptor cells - eliminates withdrawal symptoms

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40
Q

Monthly heavy drinkers more present in males or females?

A

Males (more so when older)

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41
Q

Driving _______ perceived as less dangerous than driving _______ among youth

A

High

Drunk

42
Q

AA Step 10: Continued to take personal inventory and when we were wrong promptly admitted it

A

Admitting our wrongs - being honest with ourself

43
Q

More severe drug use problem = _______ likely to previously tried treatment

A

More

44
Q

Which model of addictions believes addictions stems from a biological-based abnormality?

A

Biological Model

45
Q

AA Step 6: We were entirely ready to have God remove all these defect of character

A

Letting go of the behaviours and attitudes which are holding you back

46
Q

Harm reduction is a _______, client-centered, non-_______ approach to addiction

A

Humanistic

Judgemental

47
Q

What is an example of an Antagonist therapy drug?

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

Only lasts 3 minutes

48
Q

What percent of Canadians consumed alcohol in the last year?

A

Almost 80%

49
Q

What types of drugs are used in diversion?

A

Psychotropic Medications such as Pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, sedatives, barbiturates

50
Q

Most regular cannabis users admit to having problems _______ use and dealing with strong _______ to use

A

Controlling

Desire

51
Q

What is the treatment used in the Biological model of addiction?

A

Abstinence - reduction is not an option

12-step programs and AA/NA

52
Q

Which drug is responsible for around 80% of all drug related deaths?

A

Tobacco

53
Q

AA Step 11: Sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God, as we understood Him, praying only for knowledge of His will and the power to carry that out

A

Mindful attempt to understand the path that we need to take

54
Q

Which model of addiction believes there is no cure to addiction?

A

Biological Model

55
Q

Overall number of drug offences as _______ in past 30 years

A

Increased

56
Q

Offenders with higher severity of drug use problem are at higher _______ risk and more likely to get in trouble in _______

A

Criminal

Institution

57
Q

Drugs most highly correlated with _______ crimes

A

Acquisitive (theft, robbery, etc.)

58
Q

What is common amongst offenders who are severe drug users?

A

More likely to have been using during offence
More likely to have misused in past criminal history
More likely to have been introduced to drugs earlier
More likely to recognize problem
Less likely to be motivated to complete treatment

59
Q

Treatment should lie on a _______ and match the _______

A

Continuum

Severity

60
Q

What drug induces a strong physical aversion to alcohol?

A

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

61
Q

Benefits of Treatment Matching - Many offenders do not need _______ treatment, avoid any unnecessary or _______ treatment and associated _______ , focus on treatment _______

A

Extensive
Ineffective
Costs
Efficacy

62
Q

_______ and older students more likely to have substance use problems

A

Males

63
Q

Overall substance use offers many _______ and lies on a _______ - there is no one clear cut answer or solution

A

Challenges

Continuum

64
Q

_______ youth are more likely to use alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, hallucinogens, meth, or heroin

A

Male

65
Q

Effective Correctional treatment programs are _______ based and use _______ methods and techniques

A

Evidence

Effective

66
Q

CSP model of addiction Treatment - Strategic acquisition of new skills to understand and handle _______, _______ and high risk situations, develop _______ skills and enhance confidence

A

Craving, Urges

Coping

67
Q

Sociologist approach addiction largely through a _______ and _______ perspective

A

Crime and Deviance

68
Q

Almost __ of Canadians have been a passenger with a drunk driver in the past year

A

1/5 or 20%

69
Q

_______ Model - societies with _______ levels of guilt, _______, aggression, and conflict have higher rates of drug abuse

A

Sociological Model
Higher
Stress

70
Q

AA Step 4: Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves

A

Honest candid exploration of self

71
Q

What is the goal of treatment with the CSP model of addiction?

A

To Unlearn problematic substance use behaviour and learn new replacement behaviour

72
Q

_______ youth more likely to report coexisting problems related to substance use

A

Female

73
Q

Appropriate intensity of treatment - people vary so programs need to be _______ to each individual person and their needs - understand the client and build a _______ for them

A

Matched

Program

74
Q

AA Step 3: Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood him

A

Deciding to get out of your own way and accept help in some form

75
Q

Traditional perspectives on substance misuse treatment in corrections expects offenders to be _______ free and remain _______ - these expectations do not take into account the characteristics of addiction such as it being a chronic, progressive _______

A

Medication
Abstinent
Illness

76
Q

What is the Biological model of addictions sometimes referred to as?

A

Disease Model

77
Q

What are some reasons diversion is so popular?

A

Massive mark-ups
Easy to conceal/transport
Belief they are safer than illicit drugs
Lack of inspectors, monitoring, and education

78
Q

Which sex of offender is more likely to have a severe-substantial use problem?

A

Female

79
Q

Percentage of overall use among youth in Canada has _______ from 1999-2009 for all substances

A

Decreased

80
Q

What are some clinical examples of agonist drug therapy?

A

Methadone
Naltrexone
Buprenorphine

81
Q

Which models of addiction see addicts as criminals?

A

Sociological & Moral Models

82
Q

Traditional perspective on substance misuse treatment in corrections is _______ and _______ as well as being authoritarian and _______ (i.e. ‘do what I say’)

A

Moralistic and Judgemental

Directive

83
Q

Which model of addiction believes that the person is sick and the addiction is beyond their control?

A

Biological Model

84
Q

Who are most likely to abuse prescription drugs?

A

Those with alcohol use problems

85
Q

Which model of addiction is referred to as the Judgement model and is based on beliefs or judgements about right and wrong?

A

Moral Model

86
Q

What are some ways diversion occurs?

A 
Multiple prescriptions
Theft
Purchasing off friends, family, dealer
Fraud
Diversion from wholesale or retail
87
Q

CSP model of addiction sees substance use as a _______ behaviour as a result of complex _______ and _______

A

Learned

Shaping and Reinforcement

88
Q

_______ youth are more likely to opioids, solvents, stimulants, tranquilizers, sedatives, or prescription drugs

A

Female

89
Q

AA Step 9: Made direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so would injure them or others

A

Taking action on the list

90
Q

Which illicit drug have more people tried in their lifetime compared to any other drug?

A

Cannabis

91
Q

Traditional perspectives on substance misuse treatment in corrections is _______ which leads to _______ behaviour and aggression

A

Confrontative

Defensive

92
Q

What are some criticisms for the Cognitive, Social, Psychological model of addiction?

A

Does not take into account biological and physiological factors
Does not include spiritual component

93
Q

Addiction is a chronically _______ condition

A

Relapsing

94
Q

CSP model of addiction - Use in response to people, places, things, events, _______ and _______

A

Thoughts and Feelings

95
Q

AA Step 8: Made a list of all person we had harmed and became willing to make amends to all

A

Acknowledging the pain that you’ve brought to others through your addiction and the willingness to make amends

96
Q

What type area of life do alcohol and illicit drugs have the most harmful effects on over a lifetime?

A

Friendships and social life

Physical health

97
Q

Emerging adults drink _______ heavily and risker than adults

A

More

98
Q

Abstinence increases likelihood of _______, which may be related to _______

A

Relapsing

Re-offending

99
Q

Which model of addictions focuses on the effects of societies on drug use?

A

Sociological Model

100
Q

What does antagonist drug therapy do?

A

Reverse or prevent effects of drug

101
Q

Which drugs are most commonly used within month before arrest?

A

Marijuana, alcohol & drugs and cocaine

Addictions (2 decks)

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