Midterm Flashcards
The variable that you or the experimenter change during an experiment/the thing you measure
Independent Varaible
The varibale that changes due to changes made in the independent variable/the result
Dependent Variaible
the parts of the experiment that do not change. Should be everything but the variables
constants
the experimental set-up without any variable changed. Sets of conditions you compare to the rest of your experiment to
control
example of Indep. Variable
Water faucet opening (closed, half open, fully open)
ex. of Dep. vari.
Amount of water flowing, measured in liters per minute
Ex. of Control
Calculators in an experiment
What is the order of unit of measurements
kilo, hecto, deca, unit, decir, centi, millo
1 kilometer is how much in meters
1000 meters
1 hectometer is how many meters
100 meters
1 decameter is how many meters
10 meters
1 decimeter is how many meters
.1
1 centimeter is how many meters
.01
1 millimeter is how many meters
.001
decameter abrev.
Dm
decimeter abrieve.
dm
watch video on dimensional anylisis
ok
_____ rock layers are on the bottom
older
_____ rock layers are on the top
younger/newer
fossils preserved in rock layers that are characteristics of a p\specific span of geological time
index fossil
features of an index fossil
distinctive, easily recognizable, abundent, wide geographical range, and a short time range
look up video on half life
ok
the attraction one water molecule has for another water molecule/ a like attractions
cohesion
the attraction between water and another substance/ unlike attractions
adhesion
involes adhesion pf water to a surface other than water and cohesion of water molecules to each other
capillary action
occur when atoms share electrons to become stable, uses lines with Lewis Structures
covalent bonds
the attraction between the partially positive end of one water molecule to the partially negative end of another water molecule
hydrogen bond
1 inch is how many centimeters
2.54
benefits and drawbacks of relative dating
relative dating uses visual observation but does not give an exact date
benefits and drawbacks of absolute dating
entails laboratory analysis of rock samples that will take a longer time. further, the dating results will still have to be cross-checked with mapping data.
a remark, statement, or comment based on something one has seen, heard, or noticed.
observation
a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning. educated guess
inference
What makes a good hypothesis
testible and falsifible
only one indep. variable changed at a time, dep. vari. observed
controlled experiment
examples of constants
indep., controlled, and dep. variable
a form of a chemical element whose atomic nucleus contains a specific number of neutron s, in addition to the number of proton s that uniquely defines the element. Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
isotope
lower number of an isotope represents
protons
higher number of isotope notation represents
mass number
What does the mass number equal
protons plus neutrons
how do index fossils help date a rock layer
they help determine the relative age because they should indetify a species that lived for a short amount of time
What does it mean if they find the same kind of fossil in two completly different locations
The species once lived there and the continents were once connected
how could geologic events cause inaccurate carbon dating
they produced rocks/minerals geological events could absorb into the object that may be carbon dated
a technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed.
radiometric dating
the science of determining the relative order of past events (i.e., the age of an object in comparison to another), without necessarily determining their absolute age, (i.e. estimated age).
relative dating
a property caused by hydrogen bonding among water molecules.
high specific heat
why are oceans important
keep global temperatures moderate
how do oceans move
bring heat to poles, away from equator
evaporation from oceans nneded for precipitation for land-dwelling species
hydrologic cycle
the change of the physical state of matter from gas phase into liquid phase
condensation
precipitation that did not get (infiltrated) absorbed into the soil, or did not evaporate, and therefore, made its way from the ground surface into places that water collect.
run-off
the extraction of the soluble principles of a crude drug by the passage of a suitable liquid through it. i.e. an underground water stream
percolation
what do ocean currents circulate
heat/energy, oxygen/nutrients, and water from the equator to the poles
2 layer ocean =
surface
created by wind and influenced by landforms and coriolis effect
surface currents
oceans hold how much of the earths world water
97%
What does the atmosphere do
keeps heat in, allows us to breathe
wind moves from high to low pressure, curve due to ______
Coriolis effect
Areas of H/L pressure caused by convection on ________
earths surface
when more dense materials sink and less materials rise
convection
Earth is heated more directly at the
equator
warm, moist air rises and cools, which causes the air to lose it/s
moisture
air it moves towards the N/S poles, it is cooler, which makes it more ______ and it sinks
denser
as it sinks, it is warmed by the ground and gains temperature , whcih causes it to
rise
areas of low/high pressure cause wind, which in turn causes _______ to move
surface tension
