Midterm Flashcards
smallest identifiable unit of an element
atom
an ion composed of a group of atoms with an overall charge
polyatomic ion
a 1 or 2 letter abbreviation for an element, listed directly below the atomic number in the periodic table
chemical symbol
positively charged nuclear particle, its mass is approximately 1 amu
proton
a nuclear particle with no electrical charge and nearly the same mass as a proton
neutron
a negatively charged particle that occupies most of the atoms volume but contributes almost none of its mass
electron
number of protons in the nucleus of an atom represented with a Z
atomic number
elements that have similar outer electron configurations and therefore similar properties, occurs in verticle columns in the periodic table
group
elemtns that fallalong the boundry between the metals an the nonmetals in the periodic table; their properties are intermediate between those of metals and those of nonmetals
metalloid
an arrangement of the elements in which atomic number increases from left to right and elements with similar properties fall in columns called families or groups
periodic table
atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
isotope
mixture that has 2 or more regions with different compositions
heterogenous
mixture that has the same composition throughout
homogenous
elemnt that exists of two atoms of that element bonded together
diatomic molecule
temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
melting point
temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure above it
boiling point
measure of how close a series of measurments are to one another, reproductibility, deals with uncertainty of a tool
precision
measure of how close a measurment comes to the actual value, correctness, deals with human error in making the measurments
accuaracy
compound that attarcts and holds water molecules in thier crystal structure
hydrate
heating a mixture to seperate the parts
distillation
have both a number and a unit
quantitive measurement
is discriptive
qualitive measurement
a weighted average of the masses of each naturally occuring isotope of an element , it is the average mass of the atoms of an element
atomic mass
sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atom
mass number
mixture containing a metal and another element
alloy
the science that tries to understand how matter behaves by studying how atoms and molecules behave
chemistry
tentative interpretations of observations, falsifiable, tested by experiments
hypothesis
in a chemical reaction, matter/energy is neither created nor destroyed
Law of Conservation of Mass/Energy
depends on size of sample ex: mass, volume, length, weight
extensive property
constant regardless of sample size, used to identify, ex: density, color, melting point, boiling point, crystal shape, malleability, ductility, conductivity
intensive property
measure of how much matter is in an object
mass
energy associated with the motion of an object
kinetic energy
the energy of a body that is associated with its position or the arrangement of its parts
potential energy
anything that occupies space and has mass; exists in as a solid, liquid, or gas
matter
the capacity to do work
energy
a substance composed of 2+ different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions; can be separated by physical means; heterogenous or homogenous
mixture
solvent and solute; homogeneous mixture of 2+ substances
solution
the minority component of a solution; dissolved in a solvent
solute
the majority component of a solution; dissolves a solute; if water, it’s an aqueous solution
solvent
relation of mass to volume; identifies a substance (intensive property); mass / volume
density
a horizontal row of the periodic table; tell energy level of valence electrons
period
a change in which matter does not change its composition, even though its appearance might change; ex: adding dye, distillation, solubility, mp, bp, dissolving, freezing, condensing, subliming
physical change
a change in which matter changes its composition; ex: gas released, energy change, new substance w new properties, color change, exothermic, endothermic
chemical change
absorbs heat energy; temp goes down
endothermic
releases heat energy to surroundings; temp goes up
exothermic
a substance composed of 2+ elements in fixed, definite proportions
compound
2+ atoms joined in a specific arrangement by chemical bonds; smallest identifiable unit of a molecular compound
molecule
an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost 1+ electrons, so that it has an electric charges
ion
a positively charged ion
cation
a negatively charged ion
anion
