Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

smallest identifiable unit of an element

A

atom

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2
Q

an ion composed of a group of atoms with an overall charge

A

polyatomic ion

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3
Q

a 1 or 2 letter abbreviation for an element, listed directly below the atomic number in the periodic table

A

chemical symbol

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4
Q

positively charged nuclear particle, its mass is approximately 1 amu

A

proton

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5
Q

a nuclear particle with no electrical charge and nearly the same mass as a proton

A

neutron

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6
Q

a negatively charged particle that occupies most of the atoms volume but contributes almost none of its mass

A

electron

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7
Q

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom represented with a Z

A

atomic number

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8
Q

elements that have similar outer electron configurations and therefore similar properties, occurs in verticle columns in the periodic table

A

group

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9
Q

elemtns that fallalong the boundry between the metals an the nonmetals in the periodic table; their properties are intermediate between those of metals and those of nonmetals

A

metalloid

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10
Q

an arrangement of the elements in which atomic number increases from left to right and elements with similar properties fall in columns called families or groups

A

periodic table

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11
Q

atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

A

isotope

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12
Q

mixture that has 2 or more regions with different compositions

A

heterogenous

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13
Q

mixture that has the same composition throughout

A

homogenous

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14
Q

elemnt that exists of two atoms of that element bonded together

A

diatomic molecule

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15
Q

temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid

A

melting point

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16
Q

temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure above it

A

boiling point

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17
Q

measure of how close a series of measurments are to one another, reproductibility, deals with uncertainty of a tool

A

precision

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18
Q

measure of how close a measurment comes to the actual value, correctness, deals with human error in making the measurments

A

accuaracy

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19
Q

compound that attarcts and holds water molecules in thier crystal structure

A

hydrate

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20
Q

heating a mixture to seperate the parts

A

distillation

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21
Q

have both a number and a unit

A

quantitive measurement

22
Q

is discriptive

A

qualitive measurement

23
Q

a weighted average of the masses of each naturally occuring isotope of an element , it is the average mass of the atoms of an element

A

atomic mass

24
Q

sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atom

A

mass number

25
Q

mixture containing a metal and another element

A

alloy

26
Q

the science that tries to understand how matter behaves by studying how atoms and molecules behave

A

chemistry

27
Q

tentative interpretations of observations, falsifiable, tested by experiments

A

hypothesis

28
Q

in a chemical reaction, matter/energy is neither created nor destroyed

A

Law of Conservation of Mass/Energy

29
Q

depends on size of sample ex: mass, volume, length, weight

A

extensive property

30
Q

constant regardless of sample size, used to identify, ex: density, color, melting point, boiling point, crystal shape, malleability, ductility, conductivity

A

intensive property

31
Q

measure of how much matter is in an object

A

mass

32
Q

energy associated with the motion of an object

A

kinetic energy

33
Q

the energy of a body that is associated with its position or the arrangement of its parts

A

potential energy

34
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass; exists in as a solid, liquid, or gas

A

matter

35
Q

the capacity to do work

A

energy

36
Q

a substance composed of 2+ different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions; can be separated by physical means; heterogenous or homogenous

A

mixture

37
Q

solvent and solute; homogeneous mixture of 2+ substances

A

solution

38
Q

the minority component of a solution; dissolved in a solvent

A

solute

39
Q

the majority component of a solution; dissolves a solute; if water, it’s an aqueous solution

A

solvent

40
Q

relation of mass to volume; identifies a substance (intensive property); mass / volume

A

density

41
Q

a horizontal row of the periodic table; tell energy level of valence electrons

A

period

42
Q

a change in which matter does not change its composition, even though its appearance might change; ex: adding dye, distillation, solubility, mp, bp, dissolving, freezing, condensing, subliming

A

physical change

43
Q

a change in which matter changes its composition; ex: gas released, energy change, new substance w new properties, color change, exothermic, endothermic

A

chemical change

44
Q

absorbs heat energy; temp goes down

A

endothermic

45
Q

releases heat energy to surroundings; temp goes up

A

exothermic

46
Q

a substance composed of 2+ elements in fixed, definite proportions

A

compound

47
Q

2+ atoms joined in a specific arrangement by chemical bonds; smallest identifiable unit of a molecular compound

A

molecule

48
Q

an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost 1+ electrons, so that it has an electric charges

A

ion

49
Q

a positively charged ion

A

cation

50
Q

a negatively charged ion

A

anion