Midterm Flashcards
narrow salt tolerances
stenohaline
spawn multiple times a year
serial
how wide a fish can opens its mouth
gape limitation
small, fine teeth
villiform
male has multiple partners each breeding season
polygyny
stream/river systems
lotic
open water
pelagic
few vertebrae modified to enhance sound detection in the swim bladder that connects the anterior end of the gas bladder to the inner ear
Weberian Apparatus
scales commonly found on sarcopterygii
cosmoid
movement that uses the whole body
undulation
superficial lateral line
direct water contact
super sensitive
usually on fish that sit still or are in slow moving water
varying temperatures
poikilothermic
why is it advantageous to be “cold-blooded”
energy efficient
wider range of possible habitats
specific heat of water
spawn on sand
psammophil
water running off surfaces
surface flow
the term for waterbody when a lot of mixing is taking place
isothermal
parts of gills
gill arches
primary and secondary lamellae
three ways fish deal with heat
move
isozymes/allozymes
countercurrent circulatory system
all segments that drain into a stream
watershed
species spawn once and die
semelparous
fish that eat plants
herbivore
three points on the weinmiller trilateral life history strategy
periodic
opportunistic
equillibrium
why cant cold water fish be put in warmer water?
fish hemoglobin can have different saturation levels at different temperatures
large tolerance to salts
euryhaline
ecosystem
communities interacting with biotic and abiotic processes
ways air gets into the gas bladder
gulp air and gas gland
a patch of gravel or log for example
microhabitat
all migrations are done in saltwater
oceanodromous
have both eggs and sperm at the same time
simultaneous
multiple watersheds pouring into a major river
river basin
brain and eye area of fish skull
neurocranium
fish that eat a little bit of meat and plants
omnivore
movement with time of day
diel
middle layer when stratification happens in summer and early fall
metalimnion or thermocline
mating partners remain together for an extended period or same pair spawn repeatedly
monogamous
one sex when born and changes into the other one
sequential
fish that eat other fish
piscivore
two main uses for the otolith by researchers
used to tell the age of fish
strontium levels show what habitat fish live in during certain years
female first then male second
protogynous
ways air gets out of gas bladder
blood and out gills
eggs shed into ovarian duct and then expelled
cystovarian
when males and females look very different from one another
dimorphism
lower layer when stratification happens in summer and early fall
hypolimnion
a low aspect ratio is beneficial for
rapid acceleration
males that act like females to trick head male into fertilizing females eggs
sneaker male
fish just shed egg directly into the body cavity and then are released
gymnovarian
organs in the anterior alimentary canal
mouth
buccal cavity
pharynx
same temperature all the time
homeothermic
two scale types found on teleostii
cycloid and ctenoid
community
many populations in the same area
multiple reaches together
segment
fish pulled quickly from deep that dont have enough time to release gas from gas bladder that their eyes pop out and gas bladder coes out their mouth
barotrauma
morphology that makeup individuals
traits
using pectoral fins to row
labriform
three parts of the branchial complex
gill arches
gill rakers
pharyngeal tooth patches
cluster of neurons
neuromast
continuous swimming to push water over gills
ram ventilation
all migrations are done in freshwater
potadromous
water that is absorbed by the soil and plants
infiltration
species that spawn multiple times
iteroparous
sinusodial waves along the body, how eels move
anguilliform
if a fish lives in dim light would their eyes have more cones or rods
more rods
vary in their ability to filter salts out of water based on whether species is freshwater or saltwater
glomerulus
equal lobed tail
homocercal
how is maximum efficiency achieved in the gills
countercurrent flow with water flowing up gills and blood flowing down
high surface area of lamellae
tails found in chondrichthyes that have unequal lobes and backbone goes into upper lobe
heterocercal
three types of skeletal muscles
red pink white
many mesohabitats together
reach
sex may alter through life
hermaphroditic
high production lakes
eutrophic
for feeding on mollusks and crustaceans
incisor
active at dawn and suck
corpuscular
what makes up the mandibular arch
upper jaw
maxillae
superorder that includes fish that use swimbladder to hear
osteriophysi
teeth inside back of mouth
pharyngeal teeth
catching fish of the same age which causes young fish to reach maturity sooner
fishing induced plasticity
less productive lakes
oligotrophic
characteristics of red muscle
large mitochondria more myoglobin more hemoglobin more blood vessels small diameter fibers used for longer duration work needs less recovery time
how much a species specializes in a particular diet item
electivity
spawn on rock/gravel
lithophil
characteristics of white muscle
small mitochondria less myoglobin less hemoglobin fewer blood vessels large diameter fibers short burst movements needs more recovery time
Three big reasons smell is used in fish
locate prey
navigation
alarm cues
many partners both male and female
promiscuous
spawn once a year
batch
muscle segments
myomeres
two types of guarders
substrate choosers
nest makers
lake systems
lentic
fish is going to keep growing through its whole life
indeterminant
rooted vegetation
macrophytes
characteristics of pink muscle
intermediate between red and white
initial growth that happens when fish are very young
allometric growth
traits not associated with fertilization or parental care
secondary characteristics
pressure differences inbetween mouth and operculum to cause water to flow over gills
buccal pumping
blood as it moves through the heart
sinus venosus
atrium
ventricle
bulbus arteriosus
order of mesohabitats in a stream
pool, glyde, riffle, run
male first then female second
protandrous
causes eyeshine
tapetum lucidium
how rays sim using a “flapping” motion
rajiform
found mostly on fish that produce electricity
tuberous receptors
produce their own heat
endothermic
eggs shed into the body and then funneled into a Mullerian duct
secondary gymnovarian
fish that eats whatever
generalist
tails found in petromyzontia and mixini
protocercal
spawn on plants
phytophil
female has multiple partners each breeding season
polyandry
one sex organisms whole life
gonochoristic
spend much of life in salt water and return to freshwater to spawn
anadromy
cave/cavity spawner
speleophil
two main parts of the inner ear
pars superior
pars inferior
chemical that fish may produce that alarms of danger
shreckstoff
nostril through which hagfish and lamprey breath
velum
movement that uses tail mainly for movement
oscillation
use outside heat
ectothermic
spend much of life in freshwater then return to salt to spawn
catadromy
going in and out of fresh and salt water
amphidromous
three parts of opercular apparatus
opercle
subopercle
interopercle
how saltwater fish deal with salts
drink water and actively regulate salt through the rectal gland and ionoregulatory cells
characteristics that help with the spawning process
primary characteristics
population
one species in a given area-multiple individuals
oily substance in sharks livers that helps keep them buoyant
squalene
spawn in open water
pelagophil
two types of non-guarders
open substrate
brood hiders
type of tails lepisosteiformes and amiiformes have
abbreviate heterocercal
how freshwater fish deal with salts
bring in salts through gills and pee alot of dilute urine
using outside resources
allochthonous
what is the temperature when water is the densest
4 degree C
a high aspect ratio is beneficial for
long migrations
fine, pointed teeth
cardiform
well defined in sharks and better defined in salt that freshwater fish, used to detect electrical pulses in the water
ampullary receptors
upper layer when stratification happens in summer and early fall
epilimnion
type of tails chondrostrei have
heterocercal
three main types of spawners
non-guarders
guarders
bearers
two big parts of fish skull
neurocranium
branchiocranium
used for getting food and retaining food
gill rakers
what is important in the pars superior
semicircular canals
organs in the posterior alimentary canal
esophagus
stomach
intestine
tails that sarcopterygii have
leptocercal
scales commonly found on chondrichthyes
placoid
scales commonly found on acipenceriformes, lepisosteiformes, and amiiformes
ganoid
uses paired fins for propulsion and tail as a rudder
tetraodontiformes
named after jacks and popinos, uses whole back half of the body
carangiform
the area where sunlight reaches far enough to promote rooted vegetation
littoral zone
only uses the tail to move
ostraciiform
fish with a specific diet
specialist
sharp teeth for cutting
canine
canal lateral line
canal beneath the scales that hold neuromasts
fish are generally faster swimmers or live in faster flow
eggs that sink
demersal
compound found in fish that make great migrations or use the magnetic field in some way to move around
magnetite
if a fish is more active during the day would they have more cones or ods
more cones
two parts of the pars inferior
saccule- contains the lapillus otolith
lagena- contains the saggital otolith
fish that eat invertebrates
invertevores
third spine in anal fin is very long to promote fertilization
gonopodium
pavement crushing teeth
molariform
which sex is more size constrained when it comes to reproduction
females
