Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
narrow salt tolerances
A
stenohaline
2
Q
spawn multiple times a year
A
serial
3
Q
how wide a fish can opens its mouth
A
gape limitation
4
Q
small, fine teeth
A
villiform
5
Q
male has multiple partners each breeding season
A
polygyny
6
Q
stream/river systems
A
lotic
7
Q
open water
A
pelagic
8
Q
few vertebrae modified to enhance sound detection in the swim bladder that connects the anterior end of the gas bladder to the inner ear
A
Weberian Apparatus
9
Q
scales commonly found on sarcopterygii
A
cosmoid
10
Q
movement that uses the whole body
A
undulation
11
Q
superficial lateral line
A
direct water contact
super sensitive
usually on fish that sit still or are in slow moving water
12
Q
varying temperatures
A
poikilothermic
13
Q
why is it advantageous to be “cold-blooded”
A
energy efficient
wider range of possible habitats
specific heat of water
14
Q
spawn on sand
A
psammophil
15
Q
water running off surfaces
A
surface flow
16
Q
the term for waterbody when a lot of mixing is taking place
A
isothermal
17
Q
parts of gills
A
gill arches
primary and secondary lamellae
18
Q
three ways fish deal with heat
A
move
isozymes/allozymes
countercurrent circulatory system
19
Q
all segments that drain into a stream
A
watershed
20
Q
species spawn once and die
A
semelparous
21
Q
fish that eat plants
A
herbivore
22
Q
three points on the weinmiller trilateral life history strategy
A
periodic
opportunistic
equillibrium
23
Q
why cant cold water fish be put in warmer water?
A
fish hemoglobin can have different saturation levels at different temperatures
24
Q
large tolerance to salts
A
euryhaline
25
ecosystem
communities interacting with biotic and abiotic processes
26
ways air gets into the gas bladder
gulp air and gas gland
27
a patch of gravel or log for example
microhabitat
28
all migrations are done in saltwater
oceanodromous
29
have both eggs and sperm at the same time
simultaneous
30
multiple watersheds pouring into a major river
river basin
31
brain and eye area of fish skull
neurocranium
32
fish that eat a little bit of meat and plants
omnivore
33
movement with time of day
diel
34
middle layer when stratification happens in summer and early fall
metalimnion or thermocline
35
mating partners remain together for an extended period or same pair spawn repeatedly
monogamous
36
one sex when born and changes into the other one
sequential
37
fish that eat other fish
piscivore
38
two main uses for the otolith by researchers
used to tell the age of fish
| strontium levels show what habitat fish live in during certain years
39
female first then male second
protogynous
40
ways air gets out of gas bladder
blood and out gills
41
eggs shed into ovarian duct and then expelled
cystovarian
42
when males and females look very different from one another
dimorphism
43
lower layer when stratification happens in summer and early fall
hypolimnion
44
a low aspect ratio is beneficial for
rapid acceleration
45
males that act like females to trick head male into fertilizing females eggs
sneaker male
46
fish just shed egg directly into the body cavity and then are released
gymnovarian
47
organs in the anterior alimentary canal
mouth
buccal cavity
pharynx
48
same temperature all the time
homeothermic
49
two scale types found on teleostii
cycloid and ctenoid
50
community
many populations in the same area
51
multiple reaches together
segment
52
fish pulled quickly from deep that dont have enough time to release gas from gas bladder that their eyes pop out and gas bladder coes out their mouth
barotrauma
53
morphology that makeup individuals
traits
54
using pectoral fins to row
labriform
55
three parts of the branchial complex
gill arches
gill rakers
pharyngeal tooth patches
56
cluster of neurons
neuromast
57
continuous swimming to push water over gills
ram ventilation
58
all migrations are done in freshwater
potadromous
59
water that is absorbed by the soil and plants
infiltration
60
species that spawn multiple times
iteroparous
61
sinusodial waves along the body, how eels move
anguilliform
62
if a fish lives in dim light would their eyes have more cones or rods
more rods
63
vary in their ability to filter salts out of water based on whether species is freshwater or saltwater
glomerulus
64
equal lobed tail
homocercal
65
how is maximum efficiency achieved in the gills
countercurrent flow with water flowing up gills and blood flowing down
high surface area of lamellae
66
tails found in chondrichthyes that have unequal lobes and backbone goes into upper lobe
heterocercal
67
three types of skeletal muscles
red pink white
68
many mesohabitats together
reach
69
sex may alter through life
hermaphroditic
70
high production lakes
eutrophic
71
for feeding on mollusks and crustaceans
incisor
72
active at dawn and suck
corpuscular
73
what makes up the mandibular arch
upper jaw
| maxillae
74
superorder that includes fish that use swimbladder to hear
osteriophysi
75
teeth inside back of mouth
pharyngeal teeth
76
catching fish of the same age which causes young fish to reach maturity sooner
fishing induced plasticity
77
less productive lakes
oligotrophic
78
characteristics of red muscle
```
large mitochondria
more myoglobin
more hemoglobin
more blood vessels
small diameter fibers
used for longer duration work
needs less recovery time
```
79
how much a species specializes in a particular diet item
electivity
80
spawn on rock/gravel
lithophil
81
characteristics of white muscle
```
small mitochondria
less myoglobin
less hemoglobin
fewer blood vessels
large diameter fibers
short burst movements
needs more recovery time
```
82
Three big reasons smell is used in fish
locate prey
navigation
alarm cues
83
many partners both male and female
promiscuous
84
spawn once a year
batch
85
muscle segments
myomeres
86
two types of guarders
substrate choosers
| nest makers
87
lake systems
lentic
88
fish is going to keep growing through its whole life
indeterminant
89
rooted vegetation
macrophytes
90
characteristics of pink muscle
intermediate between red and white
91
initial growth that happens when fish are very young
allometric growth
92
traits not associated with fertilization or parental care
secondary characteristics
93
pressure differences inbetween mouth and operculum to cause water to flow over gills
buccal pumping
94
blood as it moves through the heart
sinus venosus
atrium
ventricle
bulbus arteriosus
95
order of mesohabitats in a stream
pool, glyde, riffle, run
96
male first then female second
protandrous
97
causes eyeshine
tapetum lucidium
98
how rays sim using a "flapping" motion
rajiform
99
found mostly on fish that produce electricity
tuberous receptors
100
produce their own heat
endothermic
101
eggs shed into the body and then funneled into a Mullerian duct
secondary gymnovarian
102
fish that eats whatever
generalist
103
tails found in petromyzontia and mixini
protocercal
104
spawn on plants
phytophil
105
female has multiple partners each breeding season
polyandry
106
one sex organisms whole life
gonochoristic
107
spend much of life in salt water and return to freshwater to spawn
anadromy
108
cave/cavity spawner
speleophil
109
two main parts of the inner ear
pars superior
| pars inferior
110
chemical that fish may produce that alarms of danger
shreckstoff
111
nostril through which hagfish and lamprey breath
velum
112
movement that uses tail mainly for movement
oscillation
113
use outside heat
ectothermic
114
spend much of life in freshwater then return to salt to spawn
catadromy
115
going in and out of fresh and salt water
amphidromous
116
three parts of opercular apparatus
opercle
subopercle
interopercle
117
how saltwater fish deal with salts
drink water and actively regulate salt through the rectal gland and ionoregulatory cells
118
characteristics that help with the spawning process
primary characteristics
119
population
one species in a given area-multiple individuals
120
oily substance in sharks livers that helps keep them buoyant
squalene
121
spawn in open water
pelagophil
122
two types of non-guarders
open substrate
| brood hiders
123
type of tails lepisosteiformes and amiiformes have
abbreviate heterocercal
124
how freshwater fish deal with salts
bring in salts through gills and pee alot of dilute urine
125
using outside resources
allochthonous
126
what is the temperature when water is the densest
4 degree C
127
a high aspect ratio is beneficial for
long migrations
128
fine, pointed teeth
cardiform
129
well defined in sharks and better defined in salt that freshwater fish, used to detect electrical pulses in the water
ampullary receptors
130
upper layer when stratification happens in summer and early fall
epilimnion
131
type of tails chondrostrei have
heterocercal
132
three main types of spawners
non-guarders
guarders
bearers
133
two big parts of fish skull
neurocranium
| branchiocranium
134
used for getting food and retaining food
gill rakers
135
what is important in the pars superior
semicircular canals
136
organs in the posterior alimentary canal
esophagus
stomach
intestine
137
tails that sarcopterygii have
leptocercal
138
scales commonly found on chondrichthyes
placoid
139
scales commonly found on acipenceriformes, lepisosteiformes, and amiiformes
ganoid
140
uses paired fins for propulsion and tail as a rudder
tetraodontiformes
141
named after jacks and popinos, uses whole back half of the body
carangiform
142
the area where sunlight reaches far enough to promote rooted vegetation
littoral zone
143
only uses the tail to move
ostraciiform
144
fish with a specific diet
specialist
145
sharp teeth for cutting
canine
146
canal lateral line
canal beneath the scales that hold neuromasts
| fish are generally faster swimmers or live in faster flow
147
eggs that sink
demersal
148
compound found in fish that make great migrations or use the magnetic field in some way to move around
magnetite
149
if a fish is more active during the day would they have more cones or ods
more cones
150
two parts of the pars inferior
saccule- contains the lapillus otolith
| lagena- contains the saggital otolith
151
fish that eat invertebrates
invertevores
152
third spine in anal fin is very long to promote fertilization
gonopodium
153
pavement crushing teeth
molariform
154
which sex is more size constrained when it comes to reproduction
females
