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Icthyology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

narrow salt tolerances

A

stenohaline

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2
Q

spawn multiple times a year

A

serial

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3
Q

how wide a fish can opens its mouth

A

gape limitation

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4
Q

small, fine teeth

A

villiform

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5
Q

male has multiple partners each breeding season

A

polygyny

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6
Q

stream/river systems

A

lotic

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7
Q

open water

A

pelagic

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8
Q

few vertebrae modified to enhance sound detection in the swim bladder that connects the anterior end of the gas bladder to the inner ear

A

Weberian Apparatus

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9
Q

scales commonly found on sarcopterygii

A

cosmoid

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10
Q

movement that uses the whole body

A

undulation

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11
Q

superficial lateral line

A

direct water contact
super sensitive
usually on fish that sit still or are in slow moving water

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12
Q

varying temperatures

A

poikilothermic

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13
Q

why is it advantageous to be “cold-blooded”

A

energy efficient
wider range of possible habitats
specific heat of water

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14
Q

spawn on sand

A

psammophil

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15
Q

water running off surfaces

A

surface flow

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16
Q

the term for waterbody when a lot of mixing is taking place

A

isothermal

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17
Q

parts of gills

A

gill arches

primary and secondary lamellae

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18
Q

three ways fish deal with heat

A

move
isozymes/allozymes
countercurrent circulatory system

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19
Q

all segments that drain into a stream

A

watershed

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20
Q

species spawn once and die

A

semelparous

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21
Q

fish that eat plants

A

herbivore

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22
Q

three points on the weinmiller trilateral life history strategy

A

periodic
opportunistic
equillibrium

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23
Q

why cant cold water fish be put in warmer water?

A

fish hemoglobin can have different saturation levels at different temperatures

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24
Q

large tolerance to salts

A

euryhaline

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25
Q

ecosystem

A

communities interacting with biotic and abiotic processes

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26
Q

ways air gets into the gas bladder

A

gulp air and gas gland

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27
Q

a patch of gravel or log for example

A

microhabitat

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28
Q

all migrations are done in saltwater

A

oceanodromous

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29
Q

have both eggs and sperm at the same time

A

simultaneous

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30
Q

multiple watersheds pouring into a major river

A

river basin

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31
Q

brain and eye area of fish skull

A

neurocranium

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32
Q

fish that eat a little bit of meat and plants

A

omnivore

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33
Q

movement with time of day

A

diel

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34
Q

middle layer when stratification happens in summer and early fall

A

metalimnion or thermocline

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35
Q

mating partners remain together for an extended period or same pair spawn repeatedly

A

monogamous

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36
Q

one sex when born and changes into the other one

A

sequential

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37
Q

fish that eat other fish

A

piscivore

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38
Q

two main uses for the otolith by researchers

A

used to tell the age of fish

strontium levels show what habitat fish live in during certain years

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39
Q

female first then male second

A

protogynous

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40
Q

ways air gets out of gas bladder

A

blood and out gills

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41
Q

eggs shed into ovarian duct and then expelled

A

cystovarian

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42
Q

when males and females look very different from one another

A

dimorphism

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43
Q

lower layer when stratification happens in summer and early fall

A

hypolimnion

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44
Q

a low aspect ratio is beneficial for

A

rapid acceleration

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45
Q

males that act like females to trick head male into fertilizing females eggs

A

sneaker male

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46
Q

fish just shed egg directly into the body cavity and then are released

A

gymnovarian

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47
Q

organs in the anterior alimentary canal

A

mouth
buccal cavity
pharynx

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48
Q

same temperature all the time

A

homeothermic

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49
Q

two scale types found on teleostii

A

cycloid and ctenoid

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50
Q

community

A

many populations in the same area

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51
Q

multiple reaches together

A

segment

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52
Q

fish pulled quickly from deep that dont have enough time to release gas from gas bladder that their eyes pop out and gas bladder coes out their mouth

A

barotrauma

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53
Q

morphology that makeup individuals

A

traits

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54
Q

using pectoral fins to row

A

labriform

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55
Q

three parts of the branchial complex

A

gill arches
gill rakers
pharyngeal tooth patches

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56
Q

cluster of neurons

A

neuromast

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57
Q

continuous swimming to push water over gills

A

ram ventilation

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58
Q

all migrations are done in freshwater

A

potadromous

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59
Q

water that is absorbed by the soil and plants

A

infiltration

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60
Q

species that spawn multiple times

A

iteroparous

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61
Q

sinusodial waves along the body, how eels move

A

anguilliform

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62
Q

if a fish lives in dim light would their eyes have more cones or rods

A

more rods

63
Q

vary in their ability to filter salts out of water based on whether species is freshwater or saltwater

A

glomerulus

64
Q

equal lobed tail

A

homocercal

65
Q

how is maximum efficiency achieved in the gills

A

countercurrent flow with water flowing up gills and blood flowing down

high surface area of lamellae

66
Q

tails found in chondrichthyes that have unequal lobes and backbone goes into upper lobe

A

heterocercal

67
Q

three types of skeletal muscles

A

red pink white

68
Q

many mesohabitats together

A

reach

69
Q

sex may alter through life

A

hermaphroditic

70
Q

high production lakes

A

eutrophic

71
Q

for feeding on mollusks and crustaceans

A

incisor

72
Q

active at dawn and suck

A

corpuscular

73
Q

what makes up the mandibular arch

A

upper jaw

maxillae

74
Q

superorder that includes fish that use swimbladder to hear

A

osteriophysi

75
Q

teeth inside back of mouth

A

pharyngeal teeth

76
Q

catching fish of the same age which causes young fish to reach maturity sooner

A

fishing induced plasticity

77
Q

less productive lakes

A

oligotrophic

78
Q

characteristics of red muscle

A 
large mitochondria
more myoglobin
more hemoglobin
more blood vessels
small diameter fibers
used for longer duration work
needs less recovery time
79
Q

how much a species specializes in a particular diet item

A

electivity

80
Q

spawn on rock/gravel

A

lithophil

81
Q

characteristics of white muscle

A 
small mitochondria
less myoglobin
less hemoglobin
fewer blood vessels
large diameter fibers
short burst movements
needs more recovery time
82
Q

Three big reasons smell is used in fish

A

locate prey
navigation
alarm cues

83
Q

many partners both male and female

A

promiscuous

84
Q

spawn once a year

A

batch

85
Q

muscle segments

A

myomeres

86
Q

two types of guarders

A

substrate choosers

nest makers

87
Q

lake systems

A

lentic

88
Q

fish is going to keep growing through its whole life

A

indeterminant

89
Q

rooted vegetation

A

macrophytes

90
Q

characteristics of pink muscle

A

intermediate between red and white

91
Q

initial growth that happens when fish are very young

A

allometric growth

92
Q

traits not associated with fertilization or parental care

A

secondary characteristics

93
Q

pressure differences inbetween mouth and operculum to cause water to flow over gills

A

buccal pumping

94
Q

blood as it moves through the heart

A

sinus venosus
atrium
ventricle
bulbus arteriosus

95
Q

order of mesohabitats in a stream

A

pool, glyde, riffle, run

96
Q

male first then female second

A

protandrous

97
Q

causes eyeshine

A

tapetum lucidium

98
Q

how rays sim using a “flapping” motion

A

rajiform

99
Q

found mostly on fish that produce electricity

A

tuberous receptors

100
Q

produce their own heat

A

endothermic

101
Q

eggs shed into the body and then funneled into a Mullerian duct

A

secondary gymnovarian

102
Q

fish that eats whatever

A

generalist

103
Q

tails found in petromyzontia and mixini

A

protocercal

104
Q

spawn on plants

A

phytophil

105
Q

female has multiple partners each breeding season

A

polyandry

106
Q

one sex organisms whole life

A

gonochoristic

107
Q

spend much of life in salt water and return to freshwater to spawn

A

anadromy

108
Q

cave/cavity spawner

A

speleophil

109
Q

two main parts of the inner ear

A

pars superior

pars inferior

110
Q

chemical that fish may produce that alarms of danger

A

shreckstoff

111
Q

nostril through which hagfish and lamprey breath

A

velum

112
Q

movement that uses tail mainly for movement

A

oscillation

113
Q

use outside heat

A

ectothermic

114
Q

spend much of life in freshwater then return to salt to spawn

A

catadromy

115
Q

going in and out of fresh and salt water

A

amphidromous

116
Q

three parts of opercular apparatus

A

opercle
subopercle
interopercle

117
Q

how saltwater fish deal with salts

A

drink water and actively regulate salt through the rectal gland and ionoregulatory cells

118
Q

characteristics that help with the spawning process

A

primary characteristics

119
Q

population

A

one species in a given area-multiple individuals

120
Q

oily substance in sharks livers that helps keep them buoyant

A

squalene

121
Q

spawn in open water

A

pelagophil

122
Q

two types of non-guarders

A

open substrate

brood hiders

123
Q

type of tails lepisosteiformes and amiiformes have

A

abbreviate heterocercal

124
Q

how freshwater fish deal with salts

A

bring in salts through gills and pee alot of dilute urine

125
Q

using outside resources

A

allochthonous

126
Q

what is the temperature when water is the densest

A

4 degree C

127
Q

a high aspect ratio is beneficial for

A

long migrations

128
Q

fine, pointed teeth

A

cardiform

129
Q

well defined in sharks and better defined in salt that freshwater fish, used to detect electrical pulses in the water

A

ampullary receptors

130
Q

upper layer when stratification happens in summer and early fall

A

epilimnion

131
Q

type of tails chondrostrei have

A

heterocercal

132
Q

three main types of spawners

A

non-guarders
guarders
bearers

133
Q

two big parts of fish skull

A

neurocranium

branchiocranium

134
Q

used for getting food and retaining food

A

gill rakers

135
Q

what is important in the pars superior

A

semicircular canals

136
Q

organs in the posterior alimentary canal

A

esophagus
stomach
intestine

137
Q

tails that sarcopterygii have

A

leptocercal

138
Q

scales commonly found on chondrichthyes

A

placoid

139
Q

scales commonly found on acipenceriformes, lepisosteiformes, and amiiformes

A

ganoid

140
Q

uses paired fins for propulsion and tail as a rudder

A

tetraodontiformes

141
Q

named after jacks and popinos, uses whole back half of the body

A

carangiform

142
Q

the area where sunlight reaches far enough to promote rooted vegetation

A

littoral zone

143
Q

only uses the tail to move

A

ostraciiform

144
Q

fish with a specific diet

A

specialist

145
Q

sharp teeth for cutting

A

canine

146
Q

canal lateral line

A

canal beneath the scales that hold neuromasts

fish are generally faster swimmers or live in faster flow

147
Q

eggs that sink

A

demersal

148
Q

compound found in fish that make great migrations or use the magnetic field in some way to move around

A

magnetite

149
Q

if a fish is more active during the day would they have more cones or ods

A

more cones

150
Q

two parts of the pars inferior

A

saccule- contains the lapillus otolith

lagena- contains the saggital otolith

151
Q

fish that eat invertebrates

A

invertevores

152
Q

third spine in anal fin is very long to promote fertilization

A

gonopodium

153
Q

pavement crushing teeth

A

molariform

154
Q

which sex is more size constrained when it comes to reproduction

A

females

Icthyology (6 decks)

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