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Biology 202 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What are chromophores?

A

Organs under neurological control

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2
Q

What are tagma?

A

Specialized segments in segmented animals (found in Arthropods)

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3
Q

What other phyla, other than Arthropods, show segmentation?

A

Polychaeta and Clitellata

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4
Q

Describe the moulting process

A

1) intermoulting stage
2) Separation of cuticle and epidermis
3) Epidermis cells grow
4) New cuticle is secreted
5) Enzymes are activated in moulting fluid
6) old cuticle sheds off

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5
Q

What are the Chelicerates?

A

Spiders

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6
Q

What are Myriapods?

A

Centipedes

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7
Q

What are Crustaceans?

A

Lobsters; mantis shrimp

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8
Q

What are the tagma for myriapoda?

A

Head and trunk

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9
Q

What are the tagma for hexapoda?

A

Head, thorax, abdomen

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10
Q

What re the tagma for Chelicerata?

A
  • Prosoma (cephalothorax) —->responsible for sensory, locomotion and feeding
  • Opisthosoma (opishto=rear, soma=body)—>responsible for organs, reproduction, digestion, excretion, respiration
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11
Q

In chelicerata, what are the first and second appendages called?

A

1st: chelicerata–>’jaws’
2nd: pedipalps

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12
Q

What class/phyla do spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites fall under?

A

Phyla: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida

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13
Q

Ticks are endoparasites

A

False: They are ectoparacytes

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14
Q

Where does waste removal occur in Chelicerata?

A

Nitrogen removal occurs through the gut tract or appendage pores

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15
Q

What does biramous mean and where is it found?

A

Biramous means breaking off into 2 branches of appendages (exopod and endopod) and it is found in phyla crustacea

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16
Q

what is cavitation?

A

Mechanism used by mantis shrimp to break snail shells; pressurized water is used, where gas is dissolved in the water and the pressure that is created is released. The force of the cavitation bubble is what breaks the shells

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17
Q

What tagma do Crustaceans have?

A
  • Cephalothorax: fused head and thorax; sensory, locomotion and feeding organs
  • abdomen: locomotion
  • 2 pair of antennae
  • biramous appendage
18
Q

What class falls under the Crustaceans?

A

Malacostraca: lobsters, crabs, shrimp

-gills at base of cephalothorasic appendages (open circulatory system is very organized)

19
Q

Do Myriapoda have biramous or uniramous appendages? How many and define.

A

Uniramous: no branching off of the appendages - 4 pairs of head appendages

20
Q

What environment do Myriapods live in?

A

Terrestrial

21
Q

What are baroreceptors?

A

Pressure sensing receptors

22
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

sensors that detect specific chemicals

23
Q

What are georeceptors?

A

Sensors that detect gravity; most are statocysts. They have weights in the centre; sometimes made of elements, sometimes bubbles and these help them know where they are in space

24
Q

What are phonoreceptors?

A

Light sensing

25
Q

What are proprioreceptors?

A

Muscle-position sensing

26
Q

Compare invert and vert neuron action

A
  • Invertebrates have slower signal transmission because they lack myelin sheath on neural cells (they are still covered with ganglia cells)
  • Invertebrates have fewer neurons than vertebrates
27
Q

What are interneurons?

A

Neurons between neuron cells

28
Q

what is the calcified structure called and where is it found?

A

ossicles; echinodermata

29
Q

What coeloms do Echinodermata have?

A

Coelomates; triploblastic

30
Q

Describe the different metamorphosis types:

A

Ametabolly: no difference in form throughout life cycle; just shape
Hemimetabolly: nymph–>adult; no pupil stage and adults dont grow after last moulting period
Holometabolly: larvae–>pupil–>adult

31
Q

Describe hexapoda respiration

A

Trachae and spiracles

32
Q

Describe myriapoda respiration:

A

trachae and spiracles

33
Q

Describe chelicerata respiration:

A

Book lungs and trachae

34
Q

Describe crustacean respiration:

A

Gills at bottom of cephalothorax

35
Q

What phyla and class do starfish fall under

A

Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Asteroidea

36
Q

Describe eyes of hexapoda and Asteroidea

A

Hexapoda have compound eyes while Asteroidea have simple eyes

37
Q

what is the term for defending oneself with excretion of internal organs?

A

Evisceration

38
Q

What are the three classes of Echinoderms?

A

Asteroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothuroidea

39
Q

Which phyla are closest to vertabrates?

A

Echinodermata and Hemichordata

40
Q

What makes Hemichordates unique?

A

They have pharyngeal slits and stomo-chords

41
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of Chordates?

A

1) bilateral symmetry
2) notochords, thyroid glands, post-tail development, pharyngeal slits, nerve chord
3) Heart
4) deuterosomal development
5) Complete digestive tract

Biology 202 (2 decks)

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