Midterm Flashcards
5 levels of influence on behavior
Individual interpersonal institutional community Public policy
Health directed vs health related behaviors
Directed–> intentionally do it for the health benefits
Related–> do it for another reason but also get beneifts
Primary prevention
Maintenance of health and intercepting onset of disease or injury
Universal vs Specific public health approachs
Universal–> Entire groups treated regardless of risk factors
Specific–> Group is chosen based on predisposition or risk factors for disease
Secondary prevention
Early stage of disease progression, restore health and minimize complications
Tertiary Prevention
Late stage disease progression, improve health and prevent further organic damage. More individualized through the levels
Prophylaxis
Public health mission of prevention
4 dimensions to characterize potential audiences
Sociodemographic characteristics
Race/ethnic background
Lifecycle stage
Disease risk
Explanatory theory
HBM–> theory of problem
Change theory
TTM–> Theory of action
precede- proceed model
Explain environmental and individual influence on behaviour. Plan health education programs. Key is involving the community at every stage
PRECEDE
predisposing reinforcing enabling community educationl/environmental diagnosis Evaluation --- Planning stages
PROCEED
policy regulatory organizational contructs educational and environemntal development - evaluation phase
Social and situational assessment
1) community based, participatory research, on needs, attitudes and beliefs of population. Partnership with stakeholders and community representatives
Epidemiological/Behavioral/Environmental Assessment
2) identify behaviroal and personal influences on behavior. Find the prevalence and severity
Educational/ecological assesment
3) Analyze each sub objective in part 2 and id the predisposong, reinforcing and enabling factors and prioritize importance
Predisposing
Cogntiions that facilitate or hinder motivation towards change–> knowledge, attitudes and beliefs
Reinforcing factors
Social or physical rewards that encourage behavior
Enabling factors
Conditions that facilitate action . Resources that help or hinder change
4 A’s of enabling
Accessible
Affordable
Available
Acceptable
Administration/Policy Assessment and intervention alignment
4) Assess capacity and available resources to implement program and change policies
Intervention Alignment
Divide goals into health education, changing policy, regualtion and organizational structure
In what stage of pre/pro do you choose your theory
4) Admin/policy assessment and intevrention alignment
Implementation
5) Availability of resources, time , policies and personnel
Process Evaluation
6) See if program is being implemented properly and if targets are being met. Monitor and correct program
Impact evaluation
7) Determines if immediate outcomes are being acheived
Outcome evaluation
8) Determine if long-term health outcomes are being met based on changes in morbidity, mortality, QOL
What does HBM study
Response to opportunities to detect disease and recieve diagnosis
Value-expectancy theory
Desire to avoid sickness by belief in use of preventative tools. Change will occur if anticipated benefits outweight the costs wether immediate or delayed
3 kinds of behavior under HBM
Preventative
Illness
Sick role
HBM–> Behavior change will occur if
They believe they are suscpetible
They believe serious consequences could result from impending conditions
Action is available and may reduce threat
Percieved benefits outweigh the costs
Barriers are not strong enough to prevent action
Percieved threat
Perceived susceptibility x perceived severity
3 key constructs of HBM
Cues to action
Self-efficacy
Demographic and social factors
Theory of reasoned action
How beliefs and intentions can effcet individual health behavior chnage
What does TRA assume
People are rational, reason is the primary ruler of behavioral intent–>, does not consider irrational thought, or behaviors beyond our control
4 components of TRA
Behavioral beliefs–> possible outcomes of behvaior
Outcome evaluation: value placed on behavior
Normative beliefs: how loved ones think we should behave
Motivation to comply with wishes of others
TPB
Adds perceived behavioural control and power to the TRA
Perceived power
Difficulty to perform each behavior in control beliefs. Facilitating and inhibiting factors help or hinder
Elicitation phase
TPB–> Interviews to find beliefs, attitudes and subjective norms
3 principles of change under TTM
Decisional balance–> everyone values different things
Self-efficacy
Temptation
6 stages of TTM
Pre contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination
5 cognitive processes of change
Conciousness raising–> of yourself and others
Dramatic relief: express emotions
Self-reevaluation: incorporate chnage into sense of self
Self-liberation: belief you can chnage and commit
Environmental re-evaluation: impact of behavior on those around you–>, empathy tarining
5 behavioral processes of change
Social liberation–> increase social opportunities
Counter conditioning –> replace behaviro with healthy alternative
Stimulus control–> remove triggering cues
Reinforcement/contingency plan –> reward, rules
Helping relationships
3 types of temptation
Negative affect/social distress
Positive social situation
Cravings
