Final Flashcards
Mediational Assumption of IMB model
Information and motivation are mediated by behaviour skills. But can also have an independant influence on behavior
3 processes in the IMB model
Elicitation research
Intervention development
Evaluation
Elicitation research
Open-ended data collection to identify knowledge gaps, evaluate, motivations and then tailor an intervention to the target pop’s needs
Information
Necessary but not sufficient for behavior change. Knowledge-prevention link in all groups except IVDU`
Motivation
Attitudes and subjective norms combine to influence behavioural intention, and in turn behavior
Attitude
(Belief of consequences of behavior) x (evaluation of those outcomes)
Subjective Norms
(perceptions of others wishes) x (motivation to comply)
Attiudinal Change
Alter the person’s beliefs of possible outcomes of behavior, or change the value they place on the outcomes
Normative Chnage
Change perceptions of normative support, or change motivation to comply with referrants
Behavioural Skills
Preventative practices activated only by information and motivation. Integration of actual skill and self-efficacy
Amount of teens who do not regularly use contraception
1/2–> People suggest LARC for them but they can cause complications like infertility
% of abortions that are repeated
38-45%
Amount of western girls who are unvaccinated for HPV
1/2
Sexual Dyfunction
Problems with pain or experiencing no pleasure, the UN and health promotion recognize pleasure as important to health
Life Windows
Successful IMB model for adherence to antiretrovirals
HIV treatment
Biomedical model dominated over psychological/educational factors that can be addressed. Too much medical treatment, not enough SDOH oriented prevention
Reproductive Health Behavior Sequence
Self acceptance of sexuality
Create personal sexual and reproductive health agenda
Bring up prevention and unsafe sex practices
Public preventative or enhancement acts
Consistent preventative practice with your partner
sexualityandu.ca
Fischer made it. Address need for sustainable and affordable interventions. Not good but its something.
Exhortation
Communicating by emphatically encouraging someone to do something. Information- focused interventions.
Gay men AIDS BEHAVIOR
Modify risky sexual behavior. Influence IMB constructs for best effect. Workshops and seminars
IVDU AIDS BEHAVIOR
Elicitation research is lacking due to reliance on self-report data. Stress reduction and needle exchange. Information to protect their partner from transmission
Female Prostitutes AIDS BEHAVIOR
Nairobi trial used testing and AIDS education to reduce risk
STD patients AIDS BEHAVIOR
Motivate condom use with favorable knowledge and attitudes. Eroticize condom use
Adolescents AIDS BEHAVIOR
Conceptually developed interventions without elicitation research. Lack of social support could be a barrier for teen runaways
Uni Students AIDS BEHAVIOR
No elicitation research. Information focussed interventions as opposed to IMB influence. Lack of experimental design makes it hard to attribute behavior change to intervention
General public AIDS BEHAVIOR
Informal and rare elicitation research. Primarily informational, mixed results
Dissemination and implementation
Active spreading of evidence based materials to a specific audience. DOI is most popular dissemination and implementation model
Who developed DOI
Mid west sociologists to study spread of hybrid corn seed in farmers
4 elements of the DOI
Innovation
Communication Channels
Time
Social System
Diffusion
New idea or practice that filters through channels, passively over time
3 factors in the newness of an Innovation
New knowledge
Persuasion influenced by others
Change in attitude effecting decision to adopt
Attributes of a “likely to adopt” innovation
Perceived advantage** most important Compatibility with needs of pop Demonstrability to others Clarity of results Complexity, cost, reversibility Pervasiveness
3 types of innovation
Incremental–> small changes
Distinctive–> Improvement but old tech, and approach
Breakthrough–> New tech and approach
3 types of Communication Channels
Mass media
Interactive–> social media
Interpersonal–> Relationships affecting attitude
DOI time
Interval between awareness of idea and actually adopting it
Adopter categories
Innovators (2.5%)
Early adopters (13.5%)
Late majority (34%)
Laggards (16%)
Adoption rate
S-shaped curve. Slow rise with innovators, step increase with late majority until a plateau
Innovation Decision Process
Awareness--> exposure and understanding Persuasion--> attitude formation Decision Implementation--> behaviour change Confirmation--> seek reinforcement for change
Homophily
People in society connected by a common goal. Innovations spread faster through similar groups
Change Agent
People who motivate adopters decision favorably
Opinion leader
Influential people in community that sway beliefs and actions either positively or negatively
3 ways to speed diffusion
Promote perceived relative advantage
Change social norms by activating peer networks
Utilize champions to promote innovation
4 limitations of DOI
No true innovations in health
Often designed for low SES, low literacy –> hard to adopt
PH is preventative, must adopt today
Adoption is rarely linear
Pro-Innovation Bias
Rapid diffusion and adoption by all members of society with no rejection or reinvention–> this is impossible for many health objectives (smoking)
Pool Cool
DOI for skin cancer prevention in kids/parents. Theory driven, intensive diffusion strategies have a positive effect on implementation and maintenance
Social Marketing
Use of commercial strategies to help population acquire a health behavior. Popular in government and not-for-profit. Used for positive and negative health behaviors
Aim of SM
Generate demand for a class of behavior by influencing attitudes and priorities. Change behavior’s with social implications
SM development
1960s India, to promote family planning and condom use
Exchange Theory
Exchanges by parties to create social change. Transactions must be beneficial and stress appeal of behavior.
8 Ps of Marketing Mix
Product Price Place--> where it is performed/exposure to message Promotion--> communication method Public--> primary/secondary Partnership Policy--> environmental support to sustain change Purse strings
Weinreich 5 steps of SM
Planning Message/material development Pre testing Implementation Evaluation
4 steps in SM planning
Formative research
Analysis
Segment target audience
Strategy development –> 8 P’s
2 Advantages of SM
Extensive formative research and use of marketing mix
Pretesting components before implementation
4 limitations of SM
Requires a lot of lead time in planning
PH goal is to reach everyone–> SM segments audience
May be considered motivational manipulation
Lack of respect for SM at top levels
3 topics Covered by LMHU
Birth control/reproductive health
STI testing
Needle Exchange
3 services by LMHU birth control clinic
Birth control options, counselling and purchase
Pregnancy testing and counselling
Pap tests and STI swabs
LMHU birth control clinic target pop
Women up to 50, some counties it is only 24
By appointment only mon-thurs, pill purchase in mon-friday
LMHU STI clinic
Emergency contraceptive pill and pregnancy testing
No charge STI testing
– drop in mon-wed
Sexual health promotion team members
1 clinic manager
3 full time PH nurses
1 full time health promotor
Students and volunteers
4 duties of sexual health promotion team
Develop media campaigns, provide resources, fairs
Advocacy and policy development
Collab with community agencies and orgs
Parenting courses and sessions–> sessions free
5 LMHU priority populations
At risk women and youth Sex trade people LGBT2Q Prisoners PWID
3 campaign topics foccused on by LMHU
Chronic disease prevention and early cancer detection
Injury and substance abuse prevention
Child and reproductive health
4 Ontario standards LMHU must do
Reduce transmission and number of people with STIS
Provide place for testing and treatment
Decrease unplanned pregnancies
Increase people making positive health choices
Teen pregnancy, Chlamydia, Gonnorhea and HIV in london
TP–> falling rate, higher in london than Ontario
Chlamydia–> Highest rates in 20-24, falling sharply for LMHU
Gonnorhea–> Lower rates in lon, than Ontario
HIV–> still high in London
Get Tested Western
Collaboration with USC to break word record for most STI tests. The goal motivated participation
3 factors to consider in selecting a theory for PH
Behavior
Target population
Desired outcomes
3 levels of interaction to consider in theory selection
Intrapersonal–> HBM, TTM, IMB
Interpersonal–> SCT, TRA, TPB
Community–> DOI, SM
3 benefits of a school intervention
Captive audience because the kids have to be there
Easier to reach parents through schools
Implement programs by building on curriculum
3 challenges in school interventions
Developmental stage of students vary
Schools have competing interests and few resources
Very political
2 benefits of workplace intervention
Captive audience, lots of people work
Health promotion in workplace is cost-effective
3 challenges in workplace intervention
Employees don’t want to mix business and personal
Programs don’t meet individual needs
Lack of time and incentive to engage
Special population interventions
Focus on trust, confidentiality and honesty
Look beyond behaviour at hand, explore SDOH causation
Often a harm reduction approach
Helicopter In
Go in, do job and leave, without getting to know population or considering SDOH
4 considerations in PH interventions
Translation
Dissemination
Adoption
Effective implementation
Translation
Innovations prepared for practitioners before release to general population . Modify to reach new audience and gain acceptance
3 factors in PH intervention adoption
Program characteristics
Message characteristics
Adopter
5 factors in effective implementation
User receives correct content by following process Delivered with the right dosage Right people are involved Intended participants fully engage Delivered in correct setting
