Midterm Flashcards
the ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure that includes restoring the information backup
recover
a separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business
hot site
refers to how well a system can quickly transform to support environmental changes
maintainability
refers to a system that is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use
usability
states that the computer chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months
Moore’s Law
delivers apps and/or hardware capabilities over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model
IaaS
SaaS
PaaS
a ___ site of the support disaster recovery system serperates facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration
warm
a ___ grid delivers electricity using two-way digital technology
smart
is a computer dedicated to providing information in response to requests
server
is a computer designed to request information from the server
client
a business ___ analysis identifies all critical business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have upon them
impact
a client is a computer designed to request information from a
server
a disaster recovery ___ curve charts the cost to the company of the unavailability of information and technology and the cost to the company of recovering from a disaster over time
cost
occurs when a redundant storage server offers an exact replica of the real-time data and if the primary server crashes the users are automatically directed to the secondary server or backup server
failover
a system is ___ when a system is not operating and cannot be used
unavailable
a technology ___ occurs when the ability of a company to operate is impaired because of a hardware software or data outage
failure
contains all of the details of an incident
incident record
sudden unexpected event requiring immediate action due to potential threat to health and safety the environment or property
emergency
cloud ___ is the software that makes the benefits of cloud computing possible, such as multi-tenancy
fabric
Cloud ____________ is when a company uses its own computing infrastructure for normal usage and access the cloud when it needs to scale for high/peak load requirements ensuring a sudden spike in usage does not result in poor performance or system crashes
bursting
Cloud fabric ____________ is an individual that monitors and provisions cloud resources similar to a server administrator at an individual company
controller
Currently, less than 20 percent of ewaste in the U.S. is _________
recycled
DreamWorks Animation used _________ computing to complete many of its hit films such as Antz, Shrek, and How to Train Your Dragon
grid
Emergency __________ ensures a company is ready to respond to an emergency in an organized, timely, and effective manner
preparedness
Hardware consists of the _________ devices associated with a computer system
physical
In the U.S., __________ provides more than 50% of electrical power
coal
Moore’s law refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 _____
months
One of the effects of a ___________ on a company’s business operations is the halting of transportation where there is a disruption to major highways, bridges, and railroads that can slow supply deliveries and stop the shipment of products
disaster
One way a business can minimize the damage of a system crash is to have a _________ and recovery strategy in place
backup
Software is the set of __________ the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks
instructions
Sustainable MIS is a critical part of corporate _________ responsibility that is, companies’ acknowledged responsibility to society
social
Technology __________ strategies focus specifically on prioritizing the order for restoring hardware, software, and data across the organization that best meets business recovery requirements
recovery
The MIS_______________ includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, process, and MIS assets
infrastructure
The Web ___________ initiative brings together people from industry, disability organizations, government, and research labs from around the world to develop guidelines and resources to help make the Web accessible to people with disabilities including auditory, cognitive, neurological, physical, speech, and visual disabilities
accessability
The _________ MIS infrastructure includes the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provides the underlying foundation to support the organization’s goals
agile
The ______________ infrastructure business continuity planning, creates a way for a company to recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical functions within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption
information
The three areas where enterprise architects focus when maintaining a firm’s MIS infrastructure include, supporting operations, supporting change, and supporting the ________
environment
The three components of a sustainable MIS infrastructure include grid computing, __________ computing, and virtualized computing
cloud
The three pressures driving sustainable MIS infrastructures are 1) increased electronic waste, 2) increased _________ consumption, and 3) increased carbon emissions
energy
Top-level MIS employees require _________________ access or unrestricted access to the entire system so that they can perform functions as resetting passwords, deleting accounts, and shutting down entire systems
administrator
Utility computing offers a pay-per-use __________ model similar to a metered service such as gas or electricity
revenue
Web ____________ means that people with disabilities including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, and neurological disabilities can use the Web
accessability
_____ cloud promotes massive, global, industry-wide applications offered to the general public. In a public cloud customers are never required to provision, manage, upgrade, or replace hardware or software
public
___ in the cloud means that a single instance of a system serves multiple customers. In the cloud, each customer is called a tenant and multiple tenants can access the same system
multi-tenancy
_____ in which each customer or tenant must purchase and maintain an individual system
single-tenancy
__ cloud serves only one customer or organization and can be located on the customers’ premises or off the customer’s premises
private
___ computing offers a pay-per-use revenue model similar to a metered service such as gas or electricity
utility
____ describes how well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth
scalability
____ emissions include the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, produced by business processes and systems
carbon
______ planning determines future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performance
capacity
_____ refers to the time frames when the system is operational
availability
______ refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a system
accessibility
_____ cloud includes two or more private, public, or community clouds, but each cloud remains separate and is only linked by technology that enables data and application portability
hybrid
______ failures can destroy large amounts of vital data, often causing incidents, unplanned interruption of a service
technology
____ architect is a person grounded in technology, fluent in business, and able to provide the important bridge between MIS and the business
enterprise
_______ cloud serves a specific community with common business models, security requirements, and compliance considerations
community
______ consumption is the amount of energy consumed by business processes and systems
energy
________ is a system weakness that can be exploited by a threat
vulnerability
____ computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction
cloud
_______ is a communications system created by linking two or more devices and establishing a standard methodology in which they can communicate
network
__________ is how quickly a third-party or vendor can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and the terms of any contracts including agreed levels of reliability, maintainability, or availability
serviceability
A Web _________ is another term for an online journal that allows users to post their own comments, graphics, and video
blog
A __________ is an online marketing technique where a small file deposited on a hard drive by a website containing information about customers and their browsing activitie
cookie
A __________ technology is a new way of doing things that initially does not meet the needs of existing customers
disruptive
A ____________ shift occurs when a new radical form of business enters the market that reshapes the way companies and organizations behave
paradigm
A _____________ is a type of collaborative web page that allows users to add, remove, and change content, which can be easily organized and reorganized as required
wiki
A disruptive technology is a new way of doing things that initially does not meet the needs of existing ________
customers
A search __________ is website software that finds other pages based on keyword matching similar to Google
engine
A website dedicated to social ____________, provides users with a place to store, categorize, annotate, and share favorites
bookmarking
A(n) Internet service ______________ is a company that provides access to the Internet
provider
A(n) _________ system consists of nonproprietary hardware and software based on publicly known standards that allows third parties to create add-on products to plug into or interoperate with the system
open
A(n) ___________ model is a plan that details how a company creates, delivers, and generates revenues on the Internet
ebusiness
A(n) ___________ technology produces an improved product customers are eager to buy
sustaining
A(n) _________________ model is a plan that details how a company creates, delivers, and generates revenues
business
According to Christensen, companies may have placed too great an emphasis on satisfying customer’s ______ needs, while forgetting to adopt new disruptive technology that will meet customer’s future needs
current
An __________ is a program that runs within another application such as a website
applet
An ebusiness model is a ________ that details how a company creates, delivers, and generates revenues on the Internet
plan
An example of a __________ is putting Jay-Z lyrics over a Radiohead song makes something old new
mashup
An online version of a retail store where customers can shop at any hour is called a(n) ___
eshop
Barnes & Noble is an example of a _________-and-mortar business
click
Business-to-Business applies to businesses buying from and selling to each other over the _____
internet
Business-to-consumer applies to any __________ that sells its products or services directly to consumers online
business
Computers connected through the __________ can send and receive information including text, graphics, voice, video, and software
internet
Consumer-to-business applies to any _________ who sells a product or service to a business on the Internet
consumer
Consumer-to-consumer applies to sites primarily offering goods and services to assist ____________ interacting with each other over the Internet
consumers
Google is an example of a _________-play business
pure
Information __________ measures the number of people a firm can communicate with all over the world
reach
Information __________ refers to the depth and breadth of details contained in a piece of textual, graphic, audio, or video information
richness
Instant ____________ is a service that enables instant or real-time communication between people
messaging
John has a big issue with turning off his cell phone as he is continuously connected to his friends and family via IMing. It has gotten so bad that John refuses to go to a movie because he cannot possibly live for two hours without being connected. John is suffering from technology __________, a clear challenge of Business 2.0
dependence
Mobile business is just now emerging and is also referred to as mcommerce or ____________
mbusiness
One of the main challenges that ___________ face is ensuring consumer protection, guarding them against unsolicited goods and invasion of privacy
ebusiness
One of the most popular forms of user-generated content is a __________ system where buyers post feedback on sellers
reputation
Pay-per-_______ generates revenue each time a website visitor is converted to a customer
conversion
Pay-per-_________ generates revenue each time a user clicks on a link to a retailer’s website
click
Pay-per-___________ generates revenue each time a user clicks on a link that takes the user directly to an online agent waiting for a call
call
Real-time ______________ occurs when a system updates information at the same rate it receives it
communication
Search engine __________ combines art along with science to determine how to make URLs more attractive to search engines resulting in higher search engine ranking
optimization
Search engine __________ evaluates variables that search engines use to determine where a URL appears on the list of search results
ranking
Several companies were outlined in the book to launch new businesses by capitalizing on disruptive technology. One example is _______________, who launched the revolutionary products such as the iPod and the iPhone
Apple
Social __________ describes the collaborative activity of marking shared online content with keywords or tags as a way to organize it for future navigation, filtering, or search.
tagging
Social ___________ is an application that connects people by matching profile information
network
Social ____________ refers to websites that rely on user participation and user-contributed content, such as Facebook
media
Source _______ contains instructions written by a programmer specifying the actions to be performed by computer software
code
T. J. Maxx is an example of a _________-and-mortar business
brick
The Innovator’s ___________ is a book by Clayton M. Christensen
Dilemma
The Internet marketplace remains mostly free of traditional forms of sales tax, partially because ecommerce law is vaguely defined making adhering to ___________ rules and laws a challenge of ebusiness
tax
The WWW provides access to Internet information through documents including text, graphics, audio, and video files that use a special formatting language called ________ markup language
hypertext
The Web version that is defining the next generation of online business is Web________, or the “intelligent” Web application
3.0
The World Wide Web provides access to ____________ information through documents including text, graphics, audio, and video files that use a special formatting language called HTML
internet
The __________ effect describes how products in a network increase in value to users as the number of users increases
network
The __________ tail refers to the tail of a typical sales curve
long
The ______________ Web is a component of Web 3.0 that describes things in a way that computers can understand
semantic
The blending of videoconferencing with document sharing is the ebusiness tool called Web conferencing or a _______
webinar
The main challenge to ebusiness is the lack of growth in some sectors due to product or service _______
limitations
The primary objective of __________ management is to be sure that a company’s knowledge of facts, sources of information and solutions are readily available to all employees whenever it is needed
knowledge
Through ____________ data companies can observe the exact pattern of a consumer’s navigation through a site
clickstream
Traditional ebusiness communications were limited to face-to-face conversations and one-way technologies that used _______________ communications or communication such as email in which the message and the response do not occur at the same time
asynchronous
Twitter is one of the largest and most powerful _______________ websites
microblogging
Web _________ is a term to refer to the World Wide Web during its first few years of operation between 1991 and 2003
1.0
You are in charge of creating and updating your company’s Wikipedia page. You logon to find that someone has placed inappropriate photos and blatant lies about your products on the corporate Wikipedia page. Your company has been a victim of wiki _________, another major challenge of the Business 2.0 environment
vandalism
You have just been promoted at work and you are now responsible for all marketing communication through the different Internet channels. You logon to your corporate blog and find that there are many direct paragraphs from competitor websites and product manufacturing magazines. The first issue you will need to address as you redesign the corporate blog is to ensure you are avoiding copyright violations and ________
plagiarism
____ and-mortar business operates in a physical store without an Internet presence
brick
___ intelligence is collaborating and tapping into the core knowledge of all employees, partners, and customers
collective
____ source refers to any software whose source code is made available free for any third party to review and modify
open
_____ are agents, software, or businesses that provide a trading infrastructure to bring buyers and sellers together.
intermediaries
______-com was the original term for a company operating on the Internet
dot
_______ are specific keywords or phrases incorporated into website content for means of classification or taxonomy.
tags
_____ knowledge is the knowledge contained in people’s heads
tacit
______ measures advertising effectiveness by counting visitor interactions with the target ad, including time spent viewing the ad, number of pages viewed, and number of repeat visits to the advertisement
interactivity
______ single-handedly increased the speed of business through the exchange of digital messages over the Internet
________ editors are WYSIWYG.
mashup
______ knowledge consists of anything that can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of MIS.
explicit
______ occurs when a company knows enough about a customer’s likes and dislikes that it can fashion offers more likely to appeal to that person, say by tailoring its website to individuals or groups based on profile information, demographics, or prior transactions
personalization
_________ system is a set of tools that supports the work of teams or groups by facilitating the sharing and flow of information
collaboration
_______ converts an audio broadcast to a digital music player
podcasting
_____ is similar to taxonomy except that crowdsourcing determines the tags or keyword-based classification system
folksonomy
_______ is the scientific classification of organisms into groups based on similarities
taxonomy
Implies that organizations that cannot adapt to the new demands placed on them for surviving in the information age are doomed to extinction
digital darwinism
What is the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet?
ecommerce
What is the ability of an organization to tailor its products or services to the customers’ specifications?
mass customization
an example of a brick-and-mortar business
tj maxx
What involves the use of strategies and technologies to transform governments by improving the delivery of services and enhancing the quality of interaction between the citizen-consumer within all branches of government?
egovernment
A ____________ is a simplified representation or abstraction of reality
model
A _____________ is a temporary activity a company undertakes to create a unique product, service, or result
project
A _____________ occurs when resources reach full capacity and cannot handle any additional demands
bottleneck
A ________________ lane layout arranges the steps of a business process into a set of rows depicting the various elements
swim
A business _____________ management system focuses on evaluating and improving processes that include both person-to-person workflow and system-to-system communications
process
A business process _____________ is a patent that protects a specific set of procedures for conducting a particular business activity
patent
A decision support system models __________ to support managers and business professionals during the decision-making process
information
A digital ______________ tracks KPIs and CSFs by compiling information from multiple sources and tailoring it to meet user needs
dashboard
A model is a simplified representation or abstraction of _________.
reality
A shopping _______________ is software that will search several retailer websites and provide a comparison of each retailer’s offerings including price and availability
bot
A(n) _________ agent is a special-purpose knowledge-based information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its users
intelligent
Artificial intelligence simulates ______________ intelligence such as the ability to reason and learn
human
As-Is __________ model represents the current state of the operation that has been mapped, without any specific improvements or changes to existing processes
process
At Microsoft’s headquarters in Washington they have implemented a __________ workforce to help alleviate congestion, save on real estate, and potentially increase worker production
virtual
At the ______________ level, of a business structure, employees are continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm’s abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change
managerial
Business process modeling or ______________ is the activity of creating a detailed flowchart or process of a work process that shows its inputs, tasks, and activities in a structured sequence
mapping
Business process reengineering is the analysis and _________ of workflow within and between enterprises
redesign
Citibank uses ______________ networks to find opportunities in financial markets by carefully examining historical stock market data
nueral
Customer facing processes result in a product or service that is received by an organization’s ___________ customer
external
Executive information systems are starting to take advantage of ______________ intelligence to support strategic decision making, by stimulating human thinking and behavior
artificial
Situations in which a few established processes help to evaluate potential solutions, but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision are considered ______________ decisions
semistructured
System _____________ is the number of hours a system is available for use by customers and employees
availability
The President and Vice-President of a company are typically found in the _______________ level of the business structure
strategic
The ______________ facing processes are also called front-office processes that result in a product or service received by an external customer
customer
The ______________ level, of a business structure, is where employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day activities
operational
The basic business system that serves the operational level (analysts) and assists in making structure decisions is called ______________ processing system
transaction
The crucial steps companies perform to achieve their goals and objectives and implement their strategies are called _____________ success factor.
critical
The primary types of business process change from the operational level to the strategic level are _____________, streamlining, and reengineering
automation
The structure of a typical organization is similar to a ________
pyramid
The typical structure of a business organization is similar to a pyramid and consists, from top to bottom, of strategic, managerial, and _______________ levels
operational
As-is process __________ represent the current state of the operation that has been mapped, without any specific improvements or changes to existing processes
models
Using systems thinking, we can see that the inputs for a transaction processing system are______________ documents, the original transaction record
source
What-if analysis checks the impact of a __________ in an assumption on the proposed solution
change
______ are baseline values the system seeks to attain
benchmarks
____ focuses on the extent to which an organization is using its resources in an optimal way
efficiency
_____ processes are business processes, such as manufacturing goods, selling products, and providing service that make up the primary activities in a value chain
core
_____ focuses on how well an organization is achieving its goals and objectives
effectiveness
___ information systems is a specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured, long-term, nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evolution and insight
executive
______ logic is a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information
fuzzy
_____ practices are the most successful solutions or problem-solving methods that have been developed by a specific organization or industry
best
______ MIS metrics measure the performance of the IT system itself including throughput, speed, availability, etc.
efficiency
______ analysis occurs when users change the value of one variable repeatedly and observe the resulting changes in other variables
sensitivity
______ includes the tasks, activities, and responsibilities required to execute each step in a business process
workflow
_______ MIS metrics measure the impact MIS has on business processes and activities including customer satisfaction and customer conversion rates
effectiveness
________ decisions are considered operational, and involve situations where established processes offer potential solutions
structured
_____ produces graphical displays of patterns and complex relationships in large amounts of data
visualization
______ refers to the level of detail in the model or the decision-making process
granularity
_______ is the process of computerizing manual tasks, making them more efficient and effective and dramatically lowering operational costs
automation
________ is the science of fact-based decision making
analytics
_______ support systems model information using OLAP which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action
decision
_______ systems are various commercial applications of artificial intelligence
intelligent
______ is a process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those results to optimal system performance, and identifying steps and procedures to improve system performance
benchmarking
______ is the amount of information that can travel through a system at any point in time
throughput
_______ seeking analysis finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output
goal
_______ systems are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems
expert
_________ improves business process efficiencies by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps in a process
streamlining
What is a special case of what-if analysis that studies the impact on other variables when one variable is changed repeatedly
sensitivity analysis
Enables users to view details, and details of details, of information
drill-down
an extension of goal-seeking analysis that finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output
optimization analysis
a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works
neural network
represents the current state of the operation that has been mapped, without any specific improvements or changes to existing processes
as-is process model
Result in a product or service that is received by an organization’s external customer
customer facing process
