Midterm Flashcards
The term “____” is somewhat ambiguous, however, since the cuisine of Puerto Rico can differ markedly from ___ cuisine; Mexican cuisine spills across the border into the ___and ___ “sub-cuisines”; and the cuisines of Michigan and Ontario have more in common with each other than either has with the cuisines of Manitoba or Iowa.
regional
Cuban
Tex- Mexi
Cali
As a broad, geo-culinary term, North American cuisine also includes ____. These regions are part of North America, so these regional cuisines also fall within the penumbra of North American cookery.
Central American and Caribbean cuisines
The cuisine of the United States reflects its history. The ___ of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter. The various styles continued expanding well into the ___centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many foreign nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.
European colonization
19th and 20th
_____ utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine. When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed ___ for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe. They had cuisine similar to their previous British cuisine. The American colonial diet varied depending on the settled region in which someone lived. Commonly hunted game included deer, bear, buffalo, and wild turkey. A number of fats and oils made from animals served to cook much of the colonial foods. Prior to the Revolution, New Englanders consumed large quantities of rum and beer, as maritime trade provided them relatively easy access to the goods needed to produce these items: rum was the distilled spirit of choice, as the main ingredient, __, was readily available from trade with the West Indies. In comparison to the northern colonies, the southern colonies were quite diverse in their agricultural diet and did not have a central region of culture.
Early Native Americans
animals
animals
molasses
Often preferred as “NEW WORLD”
North America
America derives from an Italian navigator ___who visited the main land between the years 1497 - 1498.
AMERIGO VESPUCCI
From the great plains of U.S and Canada to the Rainforest of Panama it stretches __ miles from North to South.
5,500 miles
North America are divided into five regions:
- The Great Plain
- Canadian Shield
- Varied Eastern region
- The Mountainous West
- The Caribbean
45 million years ago, __ are originated in North America.
Also __evolve in the continent with the highest population of 75.8 million mainly in USA.
Camels
Dogs and Horses
The descendants of these people are:
- Native Americans
- Eskimo Groups
- People of European ancestry constitute the largest group
- African & Asian Ancestry
- In addition these largest group of Latin America who are Mixed European & Native Americans.
Located in west corner of Wyoming, USA
Yellowstone National Park
Oldest, largest, most popular national park in the country. One of the world’s principal wild life preserve.
Yellowstone National Park
Located in Canada. Struggling the boarders of U.S & Canada between the ONTARIO PROVINCE & NEW YORK STATE.
Niagra Falls
Located in Anaheim, California, USA
Disneyland Park
Disneyland park Opened on __
July 17, 1955
WALT DISNEY WORLD RESORT boast of four theme parks which are:
Disney Magic Kingdom
• EPCOT
• Disney Hollywood Studio
• Disney Animal Kingdom Park
That every summer the amount of water pouring over NIAGARA FALLS each second can fill ___
13,000 bathtubs
South America can be roughly broken into __ upland region & __ lowland regions the NORTHERN & WESTERN regions are dominated by the world’s largest mountain range which is the__.
Four
Three
Andes
Eastern regions are the high land areas of __& Brazilian massive & the Patagonian region.
• In the northern half of South America ONLY the ANDES region has the cool climate.
• The climates in South America are WET & TROPICAL.
• The Amazon Rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world covering the South America including the Brazilian Coast & the lower slopes of Andes.
• South America is bordered by three major bodies of water
• Caribbean
• Atlantic ocean
• Pacific ocean
• It produces rich biodiversity of natural resources including:
• Nuts
• Fruits
• Sugar
• Grains
• Coffee
• Chocolate
➢ DID YOU KNOW?
- That in Peru, scientists discover that remains of MEGALODON a 60 ft. long prehistoric shark underneath 41 million years old rodent fossil.
FAMOUS ATTRACTIONS: • IGUAZA FALLS – Argentina in Brazil • MAHU PICHU- Peru • Eater Island – off Chile • PERITO MORENO GLACIER - Park’s renowned destination.
G
North America Destinations
Grand Canyon Punta Cana Maui Yellowstone Park Niagara Falls Sima de las Cotorras Horsehoe Bend Crownsnest Pass Upper Anteloupe Canyon Tamul Falls, Mexico
North America Landmarks
Golden Gate Bridge Mount Rushmore Belize Rainforest Statue of Liberty CN Tower Pyramid of Teotihuacán Chichen Itza Chateau Frontenac Parliament Hill Seattle Space Needle Hoover Dam Washington Monument Kulkulan
The US is divided between the government of the US and the government of the individual states
Federalism
The government of the US, the national government, is sometimes called __ while the state governments are just called___
Federal government
State government
It can be considered as a federation of states
US
The national government takes care war of the countries and delivering the mail
Federal system
It takes care driver’s license, hunter’s licenses, barber’s licences, dentist’s licenses
State government
Taxes
Federal taxes
State taxes
Two types of Federalism
Dual Federalism
Cooperative Federalism
Usually refers to the period of American history that stretches from the founding of our great nation until the New Deal,
Dual Federalism
Which has been the rule since the 1930s
Cooperative federalism
From 1788 until 1937, the US basically live under this federalism
Dual Federalism
The government power was strictly divided between the state and national governments (not seperated)
Dual federalism
There are some things only the federal government does and some things that only the state government do
Jurisdiction
They had jurisdiction over internal improvements like interstate roads and canals, subsidies to the states and tariffs which are taxes on imports and thus falls under the general heading of foreign policy
National Government
They also own public lands and and regulates patents which need to be national for them to offer protection for investors in all the states and their currency
National Government
They had control over property laws, inheritance laws, commercial laws, banking laws, corporate laws, insurance, family law, which means marriage and divorce, morality, public health, education, criminal laws, including determining what is a crime and how crimes are prosecuted, land use, which includes water and mineral rights, elections, local government, and licensing of professions and occupations,
State government
The state government has jurisdiction over a lot more than the national government
Dual Federalism
These powers over health, safety and morality and usually belong to the states
Police power
Other term for dual federalism
Layer cake federalism
And it’s consistent with the tradition of limited government that many Americans hold dear
Dual Federalism
When the American Revolution ended in __, they were in a state of change. When the new constitution was adopted in __, the structure of the infant government of the United States called for three separate branches
1783 1787 Executive Legislative Judicial
It is best described in Article 1 of the US Constitution
The founding fathers put this first because they thought it was important
Legislative
Legislative comprises of ___ known as the US Congress
100 US Senators
435 Representatives
Primary Function of the legislative branch
Making laws
Responsibilities of US Congress
Approving Federal Judges and Justices
Passing the national budget
Declaring war
Each states gets __ senators and some number of Representatives, (depending on how many people live in that state)
2
2 or 53
It is described in Article 2 of the Constitution
Executive Branch
The leaders of branch of government (Executive)
President (Barrack Hussein Obama II) Vice President (Joe Biden)
They are responsible for enforcing the laws that Congress sets forth
Preseident and VP
He works closely with a group of advisors known as the __
President
Cabinet
These appointed helpers assist the President in making important decisions within their area of expertise such as the defense, treasury and homeland security
Cabinet
They also appoints government officials, commands the armed forces and meets with leaders of other nations
Executive branch
This branch employs over 4 million people to get everything done
Executive branch
This branch is detailed in Article 3
a
Judicial states highest court with __
Supreme court
9
Head of Government in Brazil, Argentina and Columbia are elected for a ___ term .
4 year
The purpose of Government
Protect the human rights
Protect the people
Make enforced laws
In Argentina, Brazil and Colombia, they have 3 bramches
Executive
Judicial
Legislative
Government gets money by ___
Taxes
Political Forces in Argentina
Argentine Federal Police
Political Forces Brazil
Federal Police, Federal Highway Police, Federal Railway Police, State Military Police, Fire Brigade, State Civil Police
The World’s leading industrial power is also the the leader in commercial agricultural production
United States
Located in the Black Hills of South Dakota, it is a sculpture carve into the granite face
Mount Rushmore
4 Faces in, Mount Rushmore
George Washingtom
Thomas Jefferson
Theodore Roosevelt
Abraham Lincoln
Located on the 12th Acre Island in New York City, it is a gift from the people of France to the people of the US. Symbolizes freedom and democracy
Statue of Liberty
A concrete arch gravity dam in the Black Canyon in the Colorado River boarder of Arizona and Nevada
Hoover Dam
Located a minute outside of Las Vegas, 726 ft tall and completed in 1936
Hoover Dam
Located at Toronto, Canada. It’s the country’s most recognizable and celebrated icon
CN TOWER (Canadian National Tower)
CN tower is at the height of ___ making the world’s tallest building
1,815 ft 5 inches
Also known as Christ the Redeemer
Cristo Redentor
Statue of Jesus of Nazareth 5th largest
Christ the Redeemer
CR is ___ and built in ___
130 ft
1922
• National Dish – Mole poblano de guajalote (Puebla style turkey mole)
Green Mole – Oaxaca (made with herbs, Oaxaca is known as “The Land of Seven Moles”)
• Menudo – Traditional soup dish made with beef stomach/tripe
• Frijoles – Beans
• Arroz – Rice
• Pico de gallo/salsa fresca – Condiment with tomatoe,onion,chili,cilantro,lime
• Chile Rellenos
• Burrito
• Taco
• Chalupas
• Enchilada
• Gorditas
• Tortilla
• Fish dishes – Gulf of Mexico (“a la veracruzana”)s
DRINKS
- Tequila
- Beer
- Fruit Juices
- Fruit Sodas
NATIONAL DISH/REGIONAL FOOD & DRINK
• Poutine - Quebec (fries/fried potatoes topped with cheese curds and gravy)
Maple syrup – Maple leaf is on the Canadian fllag
• Back bacon/peameal bacon – lean pork, some rolled in peameal
• Cod tongues
• Yellow pea soup – Newfoundland, Quebec
• Smoked meat sandwiches - Montreal
• Cipaille – Quebec ( spiced meat and potao pie)
• Butter tart - little pies with nuts, chocolate, or raisens
DRINKS
- Coffee/tea
- Beer
- Whiskey
NATIONAL DISH/REGIONAL FOOD & DRINK
- Eggs and bacon
- Cereal with milk
- Pancakes/waffles w/ maple syrup
- Toast, bagels, muffins,doughnuts
- Chicken wings with hot sauce - Buffalo
- Clam Chowder – New England, Manhattan
- Grilled Meats - Hamburgers, Steaks, Chicken, Hot Dogs
- Barbecue/BBQ – Kansas City, Memphis, North Carolina, Texas
- Deli Meat sandwiches - New York, Philadelphia (Philly Cheesesteak)
- Pizza / Pasta – New York, Chicago (Deep Dish)
• Fast Food/Junk Food • French fries/potato chips • Salads with lettuce and vegetables • Potato / pasta salad • Cajun/Creole – New Orleans • Lobster – Maine • Fish/shellfish • Vegetarian • Apple pie DRINKS
- Coffee, juice
- Soda – Cola
- Bottled water
- Beer – Boston (Samuel Adams), Portland,Oregon (microbrews), Milwaukee
- Wine – California
- Whiskey - Tennessee
Current form of Government in the Philippines
Unitary form of Government
This means that power and authority is mostly vested in one centralized government
Unitary form of government
All income and funds by each region would all go to the centralised government and from there, budget is distributed back to each regions basing on the amount the government has set
Unitary form pf government
Each state will retain 80% of their income and funds for and 20% to the Federal National Government
Federalism
Out of 80%, the local State Government will receive 30% and Provinces, Cities, Municipality and Barangays will receive 70%
State Federalism
Legislative branch will be divided into
State National Government
Federal State Government
They have more control over their budget, projects and laws
State National Government
They are for protection of the country and military
National State Government
Malacañang and Supreme Court Upper House (Senado) Lower House (Congress)
Manila
Pasay
Quezon City
The most widely spoken languages in North America
English
Spanish
French
Danish
Carribean is Creole language
The major physiographic province of North America
Great Plains, Great American Dessert
10 States of US
Montana North Dakota South Dakota Wyoming Nebraska Kansas Colorado Oklahoma Texas New Mexico
Provinces of Canada
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
North America consists of ingredients coming from four areas:
Canada
US
Mexico
Central America
The three main crops
Three Sisters
Beans
Squash
Maize
When he came to North America, rum became quite popular in this region
Christopher Columbus
Canada’s Cuisine was influenced bu
French English Asian Scandinavian Slavic immigrants
They made Mexican cuisine what is is today
Aztecs
Spanish
Located in St. louis height of 630 ft
Gateway Arch
Suspension bridge connecting San Francisco Bay and Pacific Ocean 2,737 m long and height 227 meters
Golden Gate Bridge
Full name of Statue of Liberty
Liberty Enlightening the World
French Artist who designed the Statue of Liberty
Auguste Bartholdi
Date of America’s Declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776
Long before the __ discovered South America, the native populations knew how to cultivate an incredible array of plants. They developed elaborate irrigation systems, and terraced the steep Andean mountain slopes to make them more suitable for growing food.
Europeans
They grew __
corn, lima beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, chile peppers, avocados, peanuts, chocolate, and raised llamas and guinea pigs.
Some Key South American Foods:
Corn (Maiz, Choclo) has been cultivated in South America for more than 5,000 years, and is possibly South America’s biggest food contribution to the rest of the world. Corn is the key ingredient of many staple dishes such as arepas (cornbread), tamales, various pasteles (casseroles or savory tarts) and chicha, an ancient yet still popular beverage.
Potatoes rival corn as the oldest and most important South American crop. Hundreds of varieties of potatoes are still cultivated in the Andes today, so it’s no surprise there’s an infinite array of potato recipes. Potatoes are fried, mashed, freeze dried, baked and combined with sauces into many beloved dishes.
Peppers (Ajis) are the most important seasoning ingredient in South American cooking. There are both sweet and hot varieties, and they are used in many creative ways, like in the colorful marinades for ceviche.
Tropical Fruit: South American cuisine makes great use of the incredible assortment of tropical fruit available. Coconut, cherimoya, mango, guava, pineapple, papaya, lucuma, passion fruit - the list goes on and on. These fruits star in many delicious desserts, but also liven up savory dishes and salads.
Queso fresco/ Queso Blanco: This fresh cheese is another staple of South American cooking. Queso fresco is a lightly salted, unripened cow’s milk cheese that’s added to sauces and crumbled in salads
Yuca (Manioc, Cassava) The starchy edible root of the yuca plant is another very important food. It’s especially popular in Brazil, where the root is ground, dried and roasted to make farofa, a key ingredient in the famous Brazilian dish feijoada, a pork and black bean stew. Other regions use a sweet variety of yuca that can be mashed or fried. Cassava flour is often used in baking, as in the delicious Brazilian cheese rolls Pão de Queijo.
Argentina
1983
Brazil
1985
During the first decade of the 21st century, South American governments have drifted to the political left, with leftist leaders being elected in Chile, Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela. Most South American countries are making an increasing use of protectionist policies, helping local development.
Recently, an intergovernmental entity has been formed which aims to merge the two existing customs unions: Mercosur and the Andean Community, thus forming the third-largest trade bloc in the world.[30] This new political organization known as Union of South American Nations seeks to establish free movement of people, economic development, a common defense policy and the elimination of tariffs.
