Midterm Flashcards
State
- internationally recognized
- legitimate political unit
Nation
- political community based on common culture
- shared aspirations for a distinct nation
Nation-state
A state which embodies at least one whole nation
Sovereignty
The ability to be independent of another state/nation?
Transnationalism
When international forces and actors cross national boundaries
Integration
The process of people or countries or corporations being brought together
Two examples of intetgration
Economic integration: a trade agreement
Political integration: shared government; the soviet union was a politically integrated system, Russia gained autonomy when it fell apart
Interdependency
A political, economic, or military relationship in which countries are dependent on each other to deal with problems and achieve their objectives
Dependency theory
Explains power imbalance between economically developed and underdeveloped countries
Civil society
The community of people in a given country or more than one country (used to distinguish between the people as a community and the government)
Non-state actors
Working for the state, but not part of the state; in the form of individuals, groups, or corporations
Types of Non-Governmental orginizations
Organizations established by non state actors; they are not managed by the government
- Advocacy
- Service
- Religious
- Transnational Terrorist
- Transnational criminal
- Economic
Global Governance
The growing of systems of governance around the world designed to mediate interests of governmental and non-governmental actors
Integration
The process of bringing constituent units into an association, society, or orginization
Interdependency
Constituent units with mutual objectives in a political/socioeconomic relationship whose actions have direct consequence on the others
Dependency
imbalanced relationship where one state depends on another to achieve its objectives
Globalizations
Processes where human activity occurs at an increasingly global level
What is the difference between natural processes and unnatural processes of globalization?
Natural: Results from advances in technology, and migration
Unnatural: facilitated by creation of international instituations
2 examples of backlash of globalization:
- WWI
- 9-11
“Globalization” can describe 4 things:
- Integration of Systems globally; political, economic, and cultural
- Process of advancements in technology, communication and travel
- Condition of increased movement of people and power of non-state actors
- Age of cultural transformation
Benjamin Barber
- Political theorist and author
- wrote Jihad vs. McWorld
- “English has become the universal language”
- a pendulum swings between materialism and spiritualism/humanism/ethnocentrism
Francis Fukuyama
- Political scientist/economist and author
- “Homogenization will create cosmopolitan, cultural norms that reflect many good values and rights”
Samuel P. Huntington
- Political scientist, academic
- Islamic and Western cultures are clashing, both seeking triumph over the other
Eras of Globalization
First Wave: Prior to European conquests in 1400s
Second Wave: During European conquests (1400s-1800s)
Third Wave: During Industrial revolution and emergence of international institutions (1870-1945)
Fourth Wave: During decolonization (1945-present)
Fifth Wave: Future
Power transition theory
The degree of power that a country has will rise and fall over time within the country, and in a global context
Empire
A country with colonies
Hedgemon
A dominant country
Power
The ability to compell or constrain others (individuals, groups, nations) to behave in ways they wouldn’t choose without the influence of power
Three important constituents of power:
- economic
- military
- political
Three types of the leadership of counrties:
- Structural
- Institutional
- Situational
Structural leadership
Control of economic resources, military power, technology; enables a small group to shape international system
Instituaitonal leadership
Ability to determine rules, principles, procedures, and practices of global community
Situational leadership
Ability to seize opportunities to influence others, and to build or re-orient the global system
Imperial overstretch
The disparity between countries’ ambitions and their resources to fulfill those ambitions
4 words for excessive pride
- Tribalism
- Nationalism
- Chauvanism
- Hubris
Strategies for maintaining power (three)
- engagement
- binding
- containment
Democratic enlargement
Challengers are restrained when they internalize values/beliefs/norms articulated by the dominant power
Offshore balancing
Making sure power is evenly distributed among countries in a region
4 types of majority
- plurality
- simple majority
- substantial majority
- unanimitty
