After Midterm Flashcards
Three defining features if liberal democracy:
- respect for the rule of law
- limitations on the power of the government
- protection of rights
Constitutions
- foundational principals for each country are found in historical documents
Constitution assigns: - powers for various branches of government
- rules for operating government
- relationship between the government and the people
International Bill of Human rights
- Universal declaration of human rights
- International covenant of economic, social, and cultural rights
- International covenant of civil and political rights
Two forms of political participation
Conventional
- voting
- petitioning
- lobbying
- peaceful protests
Unconventional
- violent protests
- terrorism
Factors that conduct democracy
- Cultural values that predispose towards democracy
- Economic development
- Strong middle-class; inequalities lead to instability
Stages of democratization
- protest/revolution
- liberalization policy
- transition to democracy
- consolidation of sustainable democracy
Electoral fallacy
The misconception that establishing electoral systems is enough to create and hold democratic systems
three Goals of democracy:
To eliminate:
- totalitarian regimes
- authoritarian regimes
- Colonialism
Global governance
Collective function of international institutions that make and sustain global policies
Terrorism
Violence done to draw attention
6 contributing factors of terrorism
- poverty
- failure of the government to deal with problems
- lack of democracy
- resistance to globalization
- foreign policies affecting another group
- criminal activity
6 goals of terrorism
- social/political justice
- self-determination
- racial superiority
- to influence foreign policy
- publicity
- democratize the governement
3 strategies of terrorism
- cultivate fear and insecurity
- cultivate popular support
- selective kidnapping and killing
4 ways terrorism is financed
- individual contribution
- government contribution
- commercial activity (marketing diamonds/oil)
- criminal activity
Cost of terrorism (4 points)
- compromises citizen sense of safety, causes paranoia
- economic confidence goes down
- foreign policy causes conflict among countries
- government spends money on it and it loses confidence
4 Types of terrorism
- domestic (committed by individuals)
- Nationalist
- Religious
- State (by the state against the people> Saddam Hussein)
4 responses to terrorism
- Military action
- legal action
- intelligence gathering initiatives
- proactive approach: dealing with fundamental causes
6 reasons for global weapon proliferation
- superpower rivalry
- self defense
- ethnic conflict
- global criminal activities
- cultural values
- authoritarian regimes
4 reasons for small weapon proliferation
- low cost
- easily obtained
- simple, durable
- portable, concealable
4 reasons why proliferation of nuclear weapons happened
- started with emergence of nuclear age after WW2
- due to cold war and mutually assured destruction
- cuban missile crisis
- ongoing conflicts in the middle east and asia
4 ways america responded to nuclear proliferation
- non-proliferation treaties
- Withdrew from intercontinental anti ballistic missile treaty
- treaty with Russia to reduce war heads by 1/3
- developed better nuclear weapons than other countries
4 times chemical weapons were used
- WW1: Chlorine and mustard gas (Germans> Allies)
- WW2: (Japan> China)
- Vietnam war: USA
- In Iraq and Syria against civilians
3 times biological weapons were used
- WW1: Germans infected Ally feed stock
- WW1 (Japan> China)
- Iraq-Iran war
America’s response to the financial crisis
$787 billion economic stimulus package was passed by congress
European response to the financial crisis
- relied on safety nets
- still had to cut budget deficits and raise retirement age
China’s response to the financial crisis
- had a high amount of savings
- they expanded economic activity and production
2 reasons the economy of Ireland change for the better?
- they were a cheap labour force
- they had access to the EU which gave them regional development initiatives
2 reasons Ireland’s economy fall?
- Ireland overextended itself
- in massive public debt
