Midterm

Question 1

what is the equation for cardiac output

Answer 1

heart rate x stroke volume

Question 2

what is stroke volume?

Answer 2

EDV - ESV

end diastolic volume - end systolic volume

Question 3

what is EDV

Answer 3

end diastolic volume - the start of systole

Question 4

what is ESV

Answer 4

end systolic volume - the start of diastole

Question 5

sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 5

fight or flight

Question 6

parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 6

rest and digest

Question 7

what branches off the superior aortic arch?

Answer 7

brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

Question 8

what branches off the inferior end of the aortic arch?

Answer 8

left iliac

right iliac

Question 9

what two veins merge to form the superior vena cava?

Answer 9

right and left brachiocephalic

Question 10

what two veins merge to form the inferior vena cava?

Answer 10

right and left common iliac

Question 11

where does the brachiocephalic artery lead?

Answer 11

head, neck, and right upper limb

Question 12

where does the carotid artery lead?

Answer 12

left side of the head and neck

Question 13

where does the left subclavian lead?

Answer 13

neck and left upper limb

Question 14

where does the right and left common iliac lead?

Answer 14

pelvis and right/left lower limb

Question 15

neurotransmitter for sympathetic ns

Answer 15

epi and nor epi

Question 16

neutrotransmitter for para symp ns

Answer 16

acetylcholine

Question 17

receptor for sympathetic

Answer 17

adregenic

Question 18

receptor for parasymp

Answer 18

chloringenic

Question 19

agonist

Answer 19

activates receptor

Question 20

antagonist

Answer 20

can block activity of receptor / stop bind

Question 21

why are calcium channel blockers useful in treating high blood pressure?

Answer 21

block the flow of calcium to allow for a not so forceful contraction

Question 22

how to determine stroke volume off a graph

Answer 22

peak point is EDV and bottom point is ESV

Question 23

what would the pressure trace look like on a wiggers diagram for the aorta

Answer 23

always high

Question 24

what would the pressure trace look like on a wiggers diagram for the left ventricle

Answer 24

very low to high and then back down

Question 25

what would the pressure trace look like on a wiggers diagram for the left atrium

Answer 25

always pretty low

Question 26

what does fick’s equation cover?

Answer 26

diffusion rates (depend on concentration gradient)

Question 27

what does posiellues equation cover?

Answer 27

blood flow rate (depends on blood pressure differences)

Question 28

how to tell posiellues and fick’s apart?

Answer 28

posiellues has a pie sign and fix contains p1,p2 and c1,c2

Question 29

how is arterial pressure monitored?

Answer 29

carotid and aortic baroreceptors

Question 30

systolic

Answer 30

contraction (top number) ventricular

Question 31

diastolic

Answer 31

relaxation (bottom number) ventricular

Question 32

list the structures in order that are used for conducting electrical signals through the heart

Answer 32

sinoatrial node –> AV node –> AV bundle (bundle of hiss) –> bundle of branches –> pirkinje fibers

Question 33

semilunar valves

Answer 33

pulmonary and aortic

Question 34

atrioventricular valves

Answer 34

tricuspid and bicuspid

Question 35

what is the lub

Answer 35

systole

Question 36

what is the dub

Answer 36

diastole