Midterm 5 Çıkmışları Flashcards
Which of the following drugs most likely caused lethargy with dilated pupils in a 50-
year-old man suffering from severe depression brought to the ER after an overdose of an unknown medication? Vital signs were blood pressure 95/55 mm Hg, heart rate 130 bpm, respirations 10/min. An electrocardiogram (ECG) showed tachycardia with wide QRS complex.
Phenelzine
Lithium
Sertraline
Amitriptyline
Clonazepam
Bupropion
Amitriptyline
Info: The history and signs of the patient suggest that he took a toxic dose
of a tricyclic antidepressant. These drugs have pronounced
antimuscarinic activity (mydriasis and tachycardia) and antiadrenergic
activity (low blood pressure) and prolong the QT interval on ECG by a
quinidine-like action.
Poisoning by the other drugs does not cause all the signs exhibited by
the patient.
Which of the following drugs would be appropriate for a 30-year-old woman admitted to
the emergency department because of sudden onset of chest pain, difficulty in
breathing, dizziness, and nausea also feeling the “out of body experience”? She stated
that she had been under extreme stress lately, working too much, and that a similar
episode had occurred, “out of the blue,” 1 month ago.
Physical examination and laboratory analyses revealed no abnormalities. A preliminary
diagnosis was made, and an appropriate therapy was prescribed.
Haloperidol
Pramipexole
Sertraline
Clozapine
Zolpidem
Ethosuximide
Sertraline
Info: The patient’s symptoms suggest that she was most likely suffering
from a panic disorder. The disease responds to a variety of
psychotropic drugs, including SSRIs, benzodiazepines, and tricyclic
antidepressants. SSRIs/SNRIs are the current first-line agents for the
chronic treatment of these disorders.
Complete the sentence about “The first pain theory” below.
The first pain theory that incorporated the possibility of modulation was the:
________________ .
nociceptor theory
intensity theory
gate control theory
specificity theory
pattern theory
gate control theory
In Schizophrenia psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations delusions, disorganised
speech and grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviors are known.
How can you categorize these symptoms?
Mediating symptoms
Positive symptoms
Negative symptoms
Catastrophic symptoms
Checking symptoms
Positive symptoms
positive symptoms are added symptoms, negative symptoms
are deficient
Complete the sentence below with the correct delusion type.
In Schizophrenia when an individual believes they are in danger, this is referred to as
___________________________ .
Nihilistic delusions
Delusions of erotomanic
Delusions of persecution
Delusions of reference
Delusions of grandiosa
Delusions of persecution
Delusions, individual believes they are being being persecuted,
spied on are in danger, usually as a result of conspiracy
Ethanol-mediated induction of hepatic CYP enzymes is particularly important with
regard to acetaminophen (APAP).
Which of the following approaches prevent paracetamol-mediated liver damage 10
hours after the intake of overdose APAP in a chronic alcohol user patient?
Administration of N-acetyl cysteine
Administration of glutathione
Acidification of urine
Gastric lavage
Administration of N-acetyl cysteine
Info: Administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) within 8–16 hours after
APAP overdosage protects victims from fulminant hepatotoxicity and
death. Administration of glutathion (GSH) is not effective because it
does not cross cell membranes readily.
Which of the following is the most compelling theory for enuresis?
Children with enuresis have difficulty concentrating the urine that they produce at night
Children with enuresis are scared of their caregivers
None of the choices
Children with enuresis have the regressive desire to be in diaper
Children with enuresis do not like waking up to go to the bathroom.
Children with enuresis have difficulty concentrating the urine that they produce at night
Info: The other options are inventions. Whether they have been considered
Genetic linkages, given enuresis can run in families, have been exam-
urine osmolality, arginine vasopressin, circadian rhythms, arginine vaso
the receptor level, and sodium and potassium excretion.
Complete the International Association for the Study of Pain “IASP” pain definition
below:
“An unpleasant ___________________________ experience associated with, or
resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage.”
emotional
emotional and conscious
sensory and emotional
sensory and conscious
conscious
sensory
sensory and emotional
Withdrawal from which of the following drugs most likely caused seizure to a 50-
year-old woman suffered a generalized seizure and was taken to the ER?
On admission she was extremely anxious and agitated. She reported she had no
history of epilepsy. Further questioning revealed that she had a long history of drug
abuse, but the day before she decided to quit and ceased taking the abused drug.
Cocaine
Alprazolam
Heroin
Cannabis
LSD
Methamphetamine
Alprazolam
Info: People who have been using high doses of benzodiazepines, such as
alprazolam, for long periods can experience withdrawal symptoms on
abrupt termination of the administration. The withdrawal syndrome
may include the following symptoms:
* Following moderate dose usage: anxiety, agitation, increased
sensitivity to light and sound, paresthesias, myoclonic jerks, sleep
disturbances, dizziness
* Following high-dose usage: delirium, seizure.
The abrupt onset of the withdrawal syndrome, as well as its severity, is
a function of the half-life of the drug. Benzodiazepines with shorter
elimination half-lives (alprazolam, lorazepam, temazepam, and
midazolam) produce a rapidly evolving and severe withdrawal
syndrome (symptoms within 12 to 24 hours after the last dose),
whereas those with longer half-lives usually have a built-in tapering-off a
makes the withdrawal syndrome less severe but longer in duration.
No withdrawal syndrome from a hallucinogenic drug such as LSD has b
observed.
Seizures are exceptionally rare in withdrawal syndromes from the other
Which of the following class of drugs is not indicated in the treatment of bipolar
disorders (BPD)?
Antiepileptics
Lithium
SSRIs
Second generation of antipsychotics
SSRIs
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used in the
treatment of depression. They are not indicated for treatment of
mood swings and mania as seen in BPD.
Which of the following categories is not a substance use disorder category?
Addictive use
Dangerous use
Drug effects
Impaired control
Social Problems
Addictive use
Which of the following is not a geriatric syndrome?
Diabetes mellitus
Urinary incontinence
Polypharmacy
Depression
Dementia
Diabetes mellitus
Which of the following symptoms do not need aggressive symptom control at the last
hours of living?
Anxiety
Pain
Dyspnea
Decreased appetite
Delirium
Decreased appetite
Info: Anorexia may be protective because there are multiple organ/ system
at the end of life. Digestion adds extra stress and create extra discomfo
be nauseating. There is also risk of aspiration. Clenched teeth express
to accept food. Therefore dying patient should not be forced to eat and
Which of the following Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) fact is most
likely correct?
The mean age at onset of OCD is 19.5 years, and 25% of cases start by age 14 years
OCD course is usually episodic
The onset of symptoms are typically acute
Females have an earlier age at onset than males
The mean age at onset of OCD is 19.5 years, and 25% of cases start by age 14 years
Complete the sentence about nociceptor definition below:
A nociceptor is ________________; that is capable of encoding noxious stimuli.
a pyramidal cortical neuron
a primary afferent neuron
a brainstem descending projection neuron
a spinal cord interneuron
a spinal cord ascending projection neuron
a primary afferent neuron
