Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro to Criminal Justice > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Criminology

A

Scientific study of crime trends, the nature of crime, and explanations for why persons commit crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Crime

A

Those acts that are prohibited by the laws of a country, state, city

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Socialization

A

Process by which individuals learn a society’s or culture’s norms and also learn to conform to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Deviance

A

Refers to any departure from bx’s that are typical, acceptable, or excepted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Social Control

A

The process by which society controls individual and group ex’s. The term is now often used to refer to the ways deviant ex’s are controlled, both informally & formally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Criminal Justice System

A

The ways criminal justice agencies (the police, courts, and corrections) work together to process a case

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pragmatist

A
  • if the results are beneficial then what happened was good.
  • Believes the goal of the system are important, but equally so is info & evidence about how the system actually works & how that in turn informs discussion about strategy, tactics, and discretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Social Norm

A

Societal judgments about what individuals should or should not do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Legal Moralism

A

The law should enforce public morality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Critical Theories of Law

A

**Rich People

The law was created by powerful individuals to help them remain in power, the law favors those with wealth & power & exploits those lacking wealth & power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Legal Naturalism

A

A legal theory espousing a belief in the concept of natural law.

** gravity applies to everyone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Legal Positivism

A

A philosophy that views the law solely as a human creation rather than as an attempt to discover, confirm, or enforce higher moral standards. This was the perspective held by H. L. A. Hart. in the Hart-Devline debate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

A movement in the 60’s & 70’s in which persons were released from mental hospitals in favor of community based, often therapeutic, social control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Medical Model of Deviance

A

Defines deviance as a disease and advocates for treatment rather than punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Effective Criminal Justice System

A

Fair, Equitable, and Effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Heroin Symptoms

A

Constricted pupils, lethargic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cocaine Symptoms

A

Dilated pupils, rapid pulse (used to be made in coke soda)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Meth Symptoms

A

Dilated pupils,excessive activity, poor hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Organized Social Control

A

Religion, Family, laws, not social norms,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Internal Social Control

A

a.k.s.: “Self-control”

is like one’s conscience–one’s” “internalized norms, beliefs, morals, and self-concept”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Primary Socialization

A

takes place at homier early childhood when social norms are taught to children by family members, especially parents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Social Norms

A
  • Societal judgments about what individuals should or should not do
  • societal rules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

UCR

Uniform Crime Report

A

[UCR - Uniform Crime Report]

Crime data collected by the FBI from law enforcement and is the official source of crime data in the U.S.

24
Q

6 Principles of Idealism

A
  • Systematic Method
  • Legal Decisions
  • Purpose of Legal System
  • Laws which don’t correspond to standards of public morality
  • Legal System should
  • Competes with
25
Q

Principles of Idealism - 1

Systematic Method

A

to develop legal systembasvd on beliefs held as truths without empirical evidence

26
Q

Principles of Idealism-2

Legal Decisions

A

draw upon history & tradition, attempting to reflect long held understandings of truth

27
Q

Principles of Idealism-3

Purpose of Legal System

A

to serve moral society

28
Q

Principles of Idealism-4

Laws which don’t correspond to standards of public morality

A

which don’t work to create & serve a moral society, are viewed as invalid

29
Q

Principles of Idealism-5

Legal system should

A

legal system should consistently follow precedents (an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide)

30
Q

Principles of Idealism-6

Competes with

A

Competes with other legal theories

31
Q

Principles of Idealism

A

is a process of validating a correct response without relying on empirical data

32
Q

Crime

A

ex’s prohibited by law; unique form of deviance - the only form of deviance punishable by gov’t

33
Q

Sin

A

as a form of deviance stems from ex’s that are religiously prohibited, as described by religious text, doctrine, or clergy

34
Q

Poor Taste

A

as a form of deviance is regulated by informal social control - based on understanding of social norms

35
Q

Criminal Justice as a System

A

Essay:

  • Consist of a series of steps
  • Orderly and predictable
  • Actors in the CJS collaborate to ensure efficiency
36
Q

Criminal Justice as a Non-system

A

Essay:

  • Not a cohesive unit
  • Discretion is involved at every decision point
  • Not consensus on the philosophies/goal of all CJ agencies
37
Q

Criminal Justice Agencies

A

Why CJ agencies are needed?

What would society look like without them

38
Q

Social Contract Theory

A

Philosophical explanation for the origins of gov’t in which individuals willingly give up complete freedom to do as they please in exchange for a more secure society governed by laws enforced by a gov’t.

39
Q

Social Contract Theory

A
  • Individuals agree to give up some of their freedom in exchange for security.
  • individuals no longer have complete freedom but instead are bound by a series of laws governing their bx, which are enforced by a gov’t.
  • Contract between gov’t & governed, promising security in exchange for compliance with the law and its process
40
Q

Name 4 criminological theories

A
  1. Rational choice theory
  2. Routine activities theory
  3. Strain Theory
  4. Social Control Theory
  5. Labeling Theory
41
Q

Justice

A

That which is just. There is no single agreed-upon definition of justice. Rather, conceptions of what does or does not constitute justice have been influenced by culture, history, philosophical perspectives, and more

42
Q

Morality

A

Judgments about what bx’s or actions societies or individuals view as right or wrong, good or bad. Morality can also be viewed as an ongoing process in which society or individuals continually reflect on norms, values, and standards when determining the best solution to a dilemma.

43
Q

Criminal Justice

A

The study of society’s response to crime, including crime prevention and the work of the criminal justice system

44
Q

deviant bx vs criminal bx

A

Criminal Bx: is deviant bx that violates laws and can be punished by the gov’t.

Deviant Bx: is any departure from x’s that are typical, acceptable, or expected

45
Q

NIBRS

A

National Incident-Based Reporting System

- contains detailed information about criminal events

46
Q

NCVS

A

National Crime Victimization Survey

  • tends to be higher than those based on the UCR
  • Not all crimes reported to law enforcement (some victims go undetected in the UCR)
47
Q

YRBS

A

Youth Risk Behavior Study

- self reported studies

48
Q

External Control

A

a.k.a: “relational social control”

is dependent upon a person’s interactions with others.

49
Q

Socialization

A

is the process by which “people learn to confer to social norms; a process that makes possible an enduring society and the transmission of its culture between generations”

50
Q

Insanity

A
  • A legal defense that refers to the defendant’s state of mind at the time a criminal offense is committed.
  • Legal term not a medical one
  • ## Offender unable to know right from wrong at the time of the offense.
51
Q

Gangs Presentation

2 things learns

A

?

52
Q

Drugs and Alcohol Presentation

2 things learns

A
  1. Drug use is found in every socio-economic background
  2. Health benefits used are 84% greater
  3. 54% first time users were under age 18
53
Q

Dark figure of crime

A

The discrepancy between estimates on the NCVS and UCR

54
Q

NYS

A

National Youth survey

- self reported studies

55
Q

empirism

A

the notion that the answers to questions should be grounded in the collection and the analysis of data. This approach guides scholars in criminal justice and other fields.

56
Q

Data

A

careful and systematic observations that are analyzed to draw a conclusion about a research question.

57
Q

Chef Myers presentation

A
  • Police officers get “interview” after a shooting

- police officers are now required to seek counseling when involved in a shooting.

Intro to Criminal Justice (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions