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Intro to Criminal Justice > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Criminology

A

Scientific study of crime trends, the nature of crime, and explanations for why persons commit crime

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2
Q

Crime

A

Those acts that are prohibited by the laws of a country, state, city

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3
Q

Socialization

A

Process by which individuals learn a society’s or culture’s norms and also learn to conform to them

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4
Q

Deviance

A

Refers to any departure from bx’s that are typical, acceptable, or excepted

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5
Q

Social Control

A

The process by which society controls individual and group ex’s. The term is now often used to refer to the ways deviant ex’s are controlled, both informally & formally.

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6
Q

Criminal Justice System

A

The ways criminal justice agencies (the police, courts, and corrections) work together to process a case

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7
Q

Pragmatist

A
  • if the results are beneficial then what happened was good.
  • Believes the goal of the system are important, but equally so is info & evidence about how the system actually works & how that in turn informs discussion about strategy, tactics, and discretion
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8
Q

Social Norm

A

Societal judgments about what individuals should or should not do

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9
Q

Legal Moralism

A

The law should enforce public morality

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10
Q

Critical Theories of Law

A

**Rich People

The law was created by powerful individuals to help them remain in power, the law favors those with wealth & power & exploits those lacking wealth & power

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11
Q

Legal Naturalism

A

A legal theory espousing a belief in the concept of natural law.

** gravity applies to everyone

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12
Q

Legal Positivism

A

A philosophy that views the law solely as a human creation rather than as an attempt to discover, confirm, or enforce higher moral standards. This was the perspective held by H. L. A. Hart. in the Hart-Devline debate.

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13
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

A movement in the 60’s & 70’s in which persons were released from mental hospitals in favor of community based, often therapeutic, social control.

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14
Q

Medical Model of Deviance

A

Defines deviance as a disease and advocates for treatment rather than punishment

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15
Q

Effective Criminal Justice System

A

Fair, Equitable, and Effective

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16
Q

Heroin Symptoms

A

Constricted pupils, lethargic

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17
Q

Cocaine Symptoms

A

Dilated pupils, rapid pulse (used to be made in coke soda)

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18
Q

Meth Symptoms

A

Dilated pupils,excessive activity, poor hygiene

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19
Q

Organized Social Control

A

Religion, Family, laws, not social norms,

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20
Q

Internal Social Control

A

a.k.s.: “Self-control”

is like one’s conscience–one’s” “internalized norms, beliefs, morals, and self-concept”.

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21
Q

Primary Socialization

A

takes place at homier early childhood when social norms are taught to children by family members, especially parents.

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22
Q

Social Norms

A
  • Societal judgments about what individuals should or should not do
  • societal rules
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23
Q

UCR

Uniform Crime Report

A

[UCR - Uniform Crime Report]

Crime data collected by the FBI from law enforcement and is the official source of crime data in the U.S.

24
Q

6 Principles of Idealism

A
  • Systematic Method
  • Legal Decisions
  • Purpose of Legal System
  • Laws which don’t correspond to standards of public morality
  • Legal System should
  • Competes with
25
Principles of Idealism - 1 | Systematic Method
to develop legal systembasvd on beliefs held as truths without empirical evidence
26
Principles of Idealism-2 | Legal Decisions
draw upon history & tradition, attempting to reflect long held understandings of truth
27
Principles of Idealism-3 | Purpose of Legal System
to serve moral society
28
Principles of Idealism-4 | Laws which don't correspond to standards of public morality
which don't work to create & serve a moral society, are viewed as invalid
29
Principles of Idealism-5 | Legal system should
legal system should consistently follow precedents (an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide)
30
Principles of Idealism-6 | Competes with
Competes with other legal theories
31
Principles of Idealism
is a process of validating a correct response without relying on empirical data
32
Crime
ex's prohibited by law; unique form of deviance - the only form of deviance punishable by gov't
33
Sin
as a form of deviance stems from ex's that are religiously prohibited, as described by religious text, doctrine, or clergy
34
Poor Taste
as a form of deviance is regulated by informal social control - based on understanding of social norms
35
Criminal Justice as a System
Essay: - Consist of a series of steps - Orderly and predictable - Actors in the CJS collaborate to ensure efficiency
36
Criminal Justice as a Non-system
Essay: - Not a cohesive unit - Discretion is involved at every decision point - Not consensus on the philosophies/goal of all CJ agencies
37
Criminal Justice Agencies
Why CJ agencies are needed? | What would society look like without them
38
Social Contract Theory
Philosophical explanation for the origins of gov't in which individuals willingly give up complete freedom to do as they please in exchange for a more secure society governed by laws enforced by a gov't.
39
Social Contract Theory
- Individuals agree to give up some of their freedom in exchange for security. - individuals no longer have complete freedom but instead are bound by a series of laws governing their bx, which are enforced by a gov't. - Contract between gov't & governed, promising security in exchange for compliance with the law and its process
40
Name 4 criminological theories
1. Rational choice theory 2. Routine activities theory 3. Strain Theory 4. Social Control Theory 5. Labeling Theory
41
Justice
That which is just. There is no single agreed-upon definition of justice. Rather, conceptions of what does or does not constitute justice have been influenced by culture, history, philosophical perspectives, and more
42
Morality
Judgments about what bx's or actions societies or individuals view as right or wrong, good or bad. Morality can also be viewed as an ongoing process in which society or individuals continually reflect on norms, values, and standards when determining the best solution to a dilemma.
43
Criminal Justice
The study of society's response to crime, including crime prevention and the work of the criminal justice system
44
deviant bx vs criminal bx
Criminal Bx: is deviant bx that violates laws and can be punished by the gov't. Deviant Bx: is any departure from x's that are typical, acceptable, or expected
45
NIBRS
National Incident-Based Reporting System | - contains detailed information about criminal events
46
NCVS
National Crime Victimization Survey - tends to be higher than those based on the UCR - Not all crimes reported to law enforcement (some victims go undetected in the UCR)
47
YRBS
Youth Risk Behavior Study | - self reported studies
48
External Control
a.k.a: "relational social control" | is dependent upon a person's interactions with others.
49
Socialization
is the process by which "people learn to confer to social norms; a process that makes possible an enduring society and the transmission of its culture between generations"
50
Insanity
- A legal defense that refers to the defendant's state of mind at the time a criminal offense is committed. - Legal term not a medical one - Offender unable to know right from wrong at the time of the offense. -
51
Gangs Presentation | 2 things learns
?
52
Drugs and Alcohol Presentation | 2 things learns
1. Drug use is found in every socio-economic background 2. Health benefits used are 84% greater 3. 54% first time users were under age 18
53
Dark figure of crime
The discrepancy between estimates on the NCVS and UCR
54
NYS
National Youth survey | - self reported studies
55
empirism
the notion that the answers to questions should be grounded in the collection and the analysis of data. This approach guides scholars in criminal justice and other fields.
56
Data
careful and systematic observations that are analyzed to draw a conclusion about a research question.
57
Chef Myers presentation
- Police officers get "interview" after a shooting | - police officers are now required to seek counseling when involved in a shooting.

Intro to Criminal Justice (2 decks)

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