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Intro to Criminal Justice > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Victimless Crime

*Matching

A

A category of crime in which no direct victim is readily identified (e.g. drug possession)

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2
Q

Preponderance of evidence

*Matching

A

The burden of proof used in deciding cases heard though civil justice processes, it means that the judge or jury believes it more likely than not that an incident occurred or that one party caused harm to another

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3
Q

Social Justice

*Matching

A

Considers issues of equality and inequality in society and whether benefits and risks are distributed in a manner that is fair and without discrimination. Argues that the pursuit of justice is the pursuit of equality.

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4
Q

Liberty

*Matching

A

The freedom and the protection of rights as enumerated in the Constitution and Bill of Rights. This is a fundamental component of American political culture.

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5
Q

Equality

*Matching

A

Refers to protections that promote equal rights for all persons without discrimination regardless of characteristics such as race, gender, religion, disability, status, veteran status, sexual orientation, income, and more. This is a fundamental component of American political culture.

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6
Q

Statue of limitation

*Matching

A

A legal provision that sets time limits on how long after an incident court processes can be initiated

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7
Q

Vigilante justice

*Matching

A

Occurs when individuals bypass the criminal justice system in resolving a conflict by taking the law into their own hands.

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8
Q

Procedural Justice

*Matching

A

Holds that justice is achieved when the proper procedures are followed and addresses the fairness of the procedures used when applying the law.

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9
Q

Civil justice

*Matching

A

A process in which private wrongs are addressed thru legal action

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10
Q

Legalistic

*Styles of Policing

A

An officer who strives to enforce the law in the full force of their authority in every case, whether a minor infraction or major crime

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11
Q

Watchman

*Styles of Policing

A

An officer who will ignore many infractions, especially minor ones, and are not concerned about community relation or service calls, but keeps the peace rather than make waves

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12
Q

Service

*Styles of Policing

A

Based on the use of discretion to determine the most appropriate response to a situation. This style of officer is willing to enforce the law aggressively and make arrest when necessary, but view arrests as last resort and prefer to seek alternative solutions to problems.

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13
Q

Defense Attorney

*Courtroom Workgroup

A

These members of the courtroom work group are mandated by the 6th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, “in all criminal prosecutions, , the accused shall enjoy the right. . . to have the assistance of counsel. . .”

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14
Q

Prosecutors

*Courtroom Workgroup

A
  • These members of the courtroom workgroup are responsible for prosecuting violations of criminal law.
  • May exercise a great of discretion when making decisions like who to charge with which crimes and whether to agree to a plee bargain or take a case to trial
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15
Q

Judges

*Courtroom Workgroup

A

Presides over state and federal courts. Primarily they serve as a referee, enforcing the rules of procedure and evidence

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16
Q

Solitary System

*Correctional Institutions

A

Prison designed to completely isolated the offender, with little to no human contact, with a goal to promote rehabilitation through self-introspection

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17
Q

Farm System

*Correctional Institutions

A

Inmates lived together in in large bunkhouses, inmates were expected to generate revenue for the state by selling produce (mostly southern states).

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18
Q

Congregate System

*Correctional Institutions

A

Inmates lived in individual cells during the night but worked in factories and had meals in dining halls during the day.

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19
Q

Parole

A

Used to encourage inmate rehabilitation and to provide early release for inmates who have demonstrated that they are in fact rehabilitated.

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20
Q

Police

A

Agents of formal social control, ensuring that society’s laws are enforced.

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21
Q

Policing in America

A

Vast majority of policing is performed by local agencies

22
Q

CHP

A

is an example of State policing agency

23
Q

Federal Offices

A

Their mandate is the enforcement of federal law

24
Q

Correctional Policies

A

Financial concerns do drive correctional policy design making

25
Q

Conflict theory perspective of corrections

A

The Prison Industrial Complex, suggest that increased spending on incarceration is not driven by need, but rather by political and economic interests

26
Q

Jails

A

Short term facilities designed to house persons accused of crimes who are awaiting trial as well as convicted offenders who have short sentences, usually less than one year.

27
Q

Tension of invisibility

A

describes how the information the public holds about corrections usually comes from the media, and the media rarely discusses the range of issues facing correctional agencies

28
Q

Parole

A

CA utilized parole to assist with prison overcrowding by allowing nonviolent offenders out of prison to be supervised in the community

29
Q

The three broad venus in which justice can be achieved include:

A

criminal, civil, social.

30
Q

T /F

The U.S. incarcerates more inmates than any other industrial democracy but DOES NOT have over all higher crime rates than those countries

A

TRUE:

The U.S. incarcerates more inmates than any other industrial democracy but DOES NOT have over all higher crime rates than those countries

31
Q

Community Era of Policing
SHORT ANSWER:

  • Includes the use of community oriented policing (COP) and problem oriented policing (POP) philosophies and strategies.
  • Success predicated on cooperation and communication between the police and community.
  • Cannot be accomplished with detached, impersonal officers.
  • There must be opportunity for information sharing between the officer and community members (e.g. foot patrol).
A
  • Includes the use of community oriented policing (COP) and problem oriented policing (POP) philosophies and strategies.
  • Success predicated on cooperation and communication between the police and community.
  • Cannot be accomplished with detached, impersonal officers.
  • There must be opportunity for information sharing between the officer and community members (e.g. foot patrol).
32
Q

Ethical Issues in Policing

Gratuities

A

benefit that a police officer receives simply because he/she is an officer (subject of frequent ethical debate).

33
Q

Ethical Issues in Policing

Numerous other acts of unethical/corrupt behavior include:

A
  • Theft
  • Kickbacks
  • Breaking and entering
  • Shakedowns
  • Unnecessary use of force
  • Racial profiling
  • Planting evidence
  • Sexual favors
34
Q

Criminal Trial Process:
SHORT ANSWER:

Jury Deliberations

A

Jury Deliberations:

The jury leaves the courtroom to conduct their deliberations in private.

35
Q

Criminal Trial Process:
SHORT ANSWER:

Renewed Motion for Judgement of Acquittal

A

Renewed Motion for Judgement of Acquittal:

The defense may (but is not required to) renew its motion for acquittal after presenting its case-in-chief. Again, these motions are rarely granted.

36
Q 
*Current Practices in Community Corrections*
SHORT ANSWER (KNOW 2):

In addition to probation and parole, name two others

A

They are known as intermediate sanctions:

  • Boot camps
  • Halfway houses
  • Day reporting centers
  • Electronic monitoring:
  • House arrest
37
Q 
*Current Practices in Community Corrections*
SHORT ANSWER (KNOW 2):

In addition to probation and parole :

Electronic Monitoring:

A

A program in which offenders must wear a device, usually in n ankle bracelet, that monitors their location. Often use in combination with house arrest. . . An intermediate sanction.

38
Q 
*Current Practices in Community Corrections*
SHORT ANSWER (KNOW 2):

In addition to probation and parole :

House Arrest:

A

An intermediate sanction in which offenders may live at home but are not permitted to leave their home. Electronic monitoring is generally used to enforce house arrest.

39
Q

Forces Shaping Criminal Justice Policy:
SHORT ANSWER:

Agenda setting:

A

Identifying an issue and promoting it to be on the public agenda - a political process

40
Q

Forces Shaping Criminal Justice Policy:
SHORT ANSWER:

Influences by:
Mass media

A

Radio, television, newspaper

41
Q

Forces Shaping Criminal Justice Policy:
SHORT ANSWER:

Influences by:
Interest groups

A

MADD, NRA, Sierra Club

42
Q

Forces Shaping Criminal Justice Policy:
SHORT ANSWER:

Influences by:
Politics and politicians

A

Elected officials

43
Q

Three Types of Justice:

ESSAY

A
  • Criminal Justice
  • Civil Justice
  • Social Justice
44
Q

What is Criminal Justice?

ESSAY

A

Response to criminal behavior

45
Q

What is Civil Justice?

ESSAY

A

Response to unacceptable deviant

46
Q

What is Social Justice?

ESSAY

A

Considers issues of equality and inequality in society and whether benefits and risks are distributed in a manner that is fair and without discrimination. Argues that the pursuit of justice is the pursuit of equality.

47
Q

What are James Q. Wilson’s Styles of Police Behavior:

ESSAY

A
  • Watchman Style
  • Legalistic Style
  • Service Style
48
Q

Where did James Q. Wilson’s Styles of Police Behavior come from?:

ESSAY

A
  • Organizational culture shape, and are shaped by, the perspectives brought by individuals in the organization, itself.
  • Organizational culture:
    Agency norms, values, language, mission, and more
49
Q

James Q. Wilson’s Styles of Police Behavior:

ESSAY

Watchman Style:

A

Maintain a low profile, ignores minor infractions, not concerned about community relations, and prefers to keep the peace rather than make waves

50
Q

James Q. Wilson’s Styles of Police Behavior:

ESSAY

Legalistic Style:

A

Strictly enforce the law to the fullest extent in every case

51
Q

James Q. Wilson’s Styles of Police Behavior:

ESSAY

Service Style:

A

Uses discretion to determine the most appropriate response to a situation, willing to enforce laws aggressively and make arrests when necessary, but views arrests as a last resort

Intro to Criminal Justice (2 decks)

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