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Modalities > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what the negative pressure wave is called?

A

Rare faction

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2
Q

2 modes of waves are?

A

Longitudinal and shear wave

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3
Q

the relationship between absorption and penetration is

A

inverse

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4
Q

if the US is not moved a what wave can occur?

A

standing or stationary wave

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5
Q

the range of therapeutic US in frequency is from what mhz to what mhz

A

0.73 –> or (1-3)

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6
Q

intensity is measured in blank cm2

A

Whats per cm squared

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7
Q

what is cavitation

A

Expansion and contraction of molecule of air (gas bubble)

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8
Q

what are the settings most likely to decrease swelling

A

Low intensity

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9
Q

how does US head act non thermally

A

Acoustic streaming, cavitation and cell membrane effects

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10
Q

what is the purpose of gel in US

A

Decrease impedence (resistence) (prevent standing wave) (improves penetration)**

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11
Q

what is the frequency for superficial US?

A

3mhz

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12
Q

what is a likely power for heating

A

high power

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13
Q

what is an example of non ionizing radiation

A

Ultra violet A, invisible light, microwaves, radios

Free radicals can cause DNA damage

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14
Q

what is a photon

A

Particle of light has no mass and no charge but has energy

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15
Q

what is the type of radiation that can “tan” the skin

A

ultra violet B

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16
Q

what are three types of radiation from the sun**

A

Uvb visible light infra red microwave light radio wave light xrays gamma waves

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17
Q

which hormone regulates sleep cycle is important for immunity

A

melatonin

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18
Q

What are 5 mechanisms of heat exchange?

A

-conduction, convection, conversion, evaporation, radiation

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19
Q

What is the definition of convection heating?

A

movement of air or water currents around a body to transfer heat

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20
Q

Two examples of deep heating

A

ultrasound, short wave diathermy

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21
Q

How deep do deep heating modalities penetrate?

A

3-5cm

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22
Q

. What is vigorous heating temps?

A

anything over 45 degrees C

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23
Q

what is the Temp of hydroc

A

71-79 degrees C

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24
Q

How does heat decrease pain and spasm

A

through gaiting, stimulates sensory nerves

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25
Q

Contraindications for heat and ice

A

Lack of sensation, open wounds, circulatory disorders (ex: PVD), cold sensitivities

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26
Q

What are the explanation for ice?

A

gonna feel cold, then gonna burn, then gonna ache, then goes numb

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27
Q

Why heat vs. cold

A
  • heat for chronic issues
  • no inflammation
  • improve tissue extensibility
28
Q

Frequency=

A

depth of penetration***

29
Q

Higher frequency is superficial lower frequency is deeper***

A

superficial lower frequency is deeper***

30
Q

Stationary wave=

A

when u stop moving the us head
waves of the same frequency add up
Waves can summit and can bounce back and break the crystal in the us and also burn the patient***

31
Q

What is construction interfereance?

A

If the two amplitudes have opposite signs, they will subtract to form a combined wave with a lower amplitude

32
Q

if the wave gits at an angle what happens?

A

some is reflected and the rest is refracted with minimal absorption

33
Q

superficial use…

A

hifgher frequency

34
Q

the higher the frequency the…

A

greater the absorption in superficial tissues.

35
Q

define ERA

A

effective radiating area: all points of the transducer face that has an intensity of at least 5% of the maximum intensity of the beam

36
Q

Proliferative (phase 2) takes up to 6 weeks

A

takes up to 6 weeks

37
Q

US can bring increased…

A

plasma and cells for repair to the site of application which is needed for repair

38
Q

non thermal reasons to use ultra sound

A

mechanical vibration acoustic streaming, cellular affects*****

39
Q

ultra sound contraindications

A

On or near cancer (somewhere else u could just not on the lump) or TB or psoriasis
Abnormal growths
Tissue receiving radiation therapy
Low back or abdomen of a pregnant female (therapeutic type of US)
Epiphyseal plates of children (don’t know full effect)
Eyes and gonads
Area of suspected DVT
Abcesses
Over pacemakers
Ice or compromised sensation prior to heating

40
Q

the most common muscles to down train are..

A

frontalis, masseter, and trapezius.

41
Q

EMG measures…

A

muscle activity (nerve) going to the muscle.

42
Q

common up trained muscles..

A 
VMO
IS, SS, Tminor
Erector spinae
Trans abs
Pelvic floor
43
Q

biofeedback deceases tension but not…

A

pain

44
Q

higher wavelength =

A

lower wave length

45
Q

physical properties of light: reflection

A

refers to the phenomenon of bouncing back of ray of light from energy source.

46
Q

physical properties of light: refraction

A

refers to the phenomenon of bouncing back of ray of light from energy source.

47
Q

physical properties of light: absorption

A

ability to take-in light or radiant energy. Absorption is inversely related to penetration. In order for light to have a physiologic effect, it must be absorbed.

48
Q

ultra violet light and is…

A

Uva: longer wave length (bumble bees can see this)
Uvb: can cause sunburns (most dangerous)

49
Q

Laser deffintition:

A

Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation

50
Q

characteristics of laser: monochromatic

A

one wavelength=one colour

51
Q

characteristics of laser: Coherence

A

all photons travel in the same direction – parallel

52
Q

characteristics of laser: Beam divergence

A

refers to parallelism if the beam. The more parallel, the greater the concentration of energy

53
Q

contraindication for laser

A 
Contraindications:
Pregnancy
Fontanels of children
Cancer
Near eyes or genitals
(same as ultrasound)
54
Q

what are symptoms of sesonal affective disorder?

A

Vitamin D low, carb cravings, depression,

55
Q

name 3 chemicals that can cause pain:

A

potassium
serotonin
bradykinnin

56
Q

describe the 3 stages of pain

A

acute
chronic
refferred pain

57
Q

what is the rule with referred pain?

A

treat the source and referred will go away

58
Q

3 stages of proliferstive pahse (the process to get collagen being laid down)

A
  1. granulation- fibroblasts, and epithelial cells
  2. wound concentration myofibroblasts (pull together)
  3. collagen production
59
Q

basic principles of massage

A 
Physiological:
Increase blood and lymph circulation
Increase or decrease nervous system outflow
Reduce pain
Boost immune system
Mechanical:
Improve joint mobility
Prevent or decrease adhesion formation
Reduce or increase muscle tone
Increase tissue mobility and flexibility
60
Q

treatment goals for therapeutic massage

A
  • restore optimal function when possible
  • prevent further injury
  • maintain or increase tissue/fluid interchage
  • maintain or increase joint mobility
  • maintian or increase tone and flexibility
61
Q

massage contraindications

A 
Undiagnosed lump
Contagious skin condition
Acute infection
Recent wound
Burn
Open lesion
Contagious disease
Fever 
Cancer
Hyperesthesia
Rheumatoid arthritis
62
Q

physical mechanisms of heat exchange

A

conduction, convection, radiation, conversion, evaporation

63
Q

therapeutic heat modalities

A

parafin
heat/cold
diathermy
ultrasound

64
Q

treatment goals for heat

A
  • increase rom
  • reduce spasm
  • improve tissue extensibility
  • decrease pain
65
Q

contraindications for heat applications

A

acute injury/inflammation
open wounds
compromised circulation (PVD)
anethetic skin

Modalities (2 decks)

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