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Leisure 2127 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Leisure

A
  • free time/ activity/ state of mind

- experience (enjoyment, satisfaction) or attitude (what is meaningful to the person) rather than time or activity

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2
Q

Theory

A
  • a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.
  • set of principles explaining a phenomena
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3
Q

Perceived Freedom

A

a state of mind in which the person feels that what she or he is doing is done by choice and because one wants to do it

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4
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

doing something because you enjoy it, and want to do it

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5
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

doing something for the rewards

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6
Q

Introjected Regulation

A

internalization of extrinsic motivators, motivation tied to self-worth

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7
Q

Overjustification Effect

A

extrinsic rewards tend to overpower sense of self-determination and shift motivation from intrinsic to extrinsic

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8
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

passive behaviour as a result of lack of control in previous experiences

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9
Q

Autonomy

A

freedom to make one’s own choices

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10
Q

Competence

A

experience of mastery, feeling effective

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11
Q

Relatedness

A

sense of self connection to others and the world; sense of value and contribution

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12
Q

Controlling Environment

A

an environment where the individual has the feeling of no choice, control, or self-determination due to extrinsic regulation

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13
Q

Autonomy-supportive Environment

A

an environment in which those involved have opportunities that allow for personal choice and control (aids in intrinsic motivation)

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14
Q

Conditioning of Freedom

A

focused on how people are limited in their options for leisure, because, for example:
- Facilities/equipment are not available and/or too expensive
- Activity is against the law or counter to local custom
- Activity is not accessible or permissible for certain
groups
- Time constraints
- Need a partner/group to participate

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15
Q

Secularization

A

movement away from religious influence/ control

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16
Q

Individualization

A

increasing focus on the individual

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17
Q

Industrialization

A

movement away from primarily ag. society to one focused on manufacturing/ production

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18
Q

Globalization

A

decreasing importance of national boundaries

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19
Q

Urbanization

A

increasing proportion of population living in urban areas

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20
Q

Modernity

A
  • (late 19th century)
  • era of increased industrial capitalism
  • work and productivity seen as ethical and desirable
  • focus on order
  • leisure: a means of maintaining order in society
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21
Q

Post-Modernity

A
  • (mid-late 20th century)
  • rejection of modernity
  • fragmentation, diversity, and disorder in society and culture
  • cultivation of varied leisure forms and exploration of risk and marginality in leisure
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22
Q

Flow

A

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

  • sense of effortless action [people] feel in moments that stand out as the best in their lives
  • Being “in the zone”
  • Key elements: challenge, skill, optimal experience
  • Not unique to leisure
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23
Q

Seeking

A
  • search for psychological satisfaction through leisure
  • Personal: Self-determination, competence, challenge, learning, exploration and relaxation
  • Interpersonal: Social contact and connectedness
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24
Q

Escape

A
  • time away from the everyday environment,
    including:
  • Personal world: problems, difficulties, failures, etc.
  • Interpersonal world: family, friends, colleagues, etc.
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25
Q

Leisure Needs

A

identified by people when asked what needs they seek to satisfy through leisure

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26
Q

Leisure Satisfaction

A 
- The result of meeting leisure needs/
motivations
“need-satisfaction”
- Evaluation of the quality of the leisure experience
“appraisal-satisfaction”
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27
Q

Theory of Planned Behaviour

A

perceived behavioural control and behavioural intention predict action/ behaviour

28
Q

Theory of Planned Behaviour:

Attitude toward the behaviour

A

personal evaluation of the behaviour as favourable or unfavourable

29
Q

Theory of Planned Behaviour:

Subjective Norm

A

perceived social pressure to perform (or not perform) the behaviour

30
Q

Theory of Planned Behaviour:

Perceived behavioural control

A

perceived ease or ability of performing the behaviour (reflects past experiences as well as perceived obstacles)

31
Q

Self-efficacy

A

confidence in the ability to change behaviour

Bandura

32
Q

Stress-Buffering Hypothesis

A
  • Leisure “buffers” or reduces the impact of stressful events, such that people are less likely to feel the impacts of stress (both physically and psychologically)
  • Research suggests that leisure helps people cope with stress associated with unemployment, social role changes, and lifespan changes
  • No clear understanding on HOW this happens
    – Opportunities for competence and social support
    through leisure likely helpful in buffering stress
    – Leisure can also be a source of stress
    – There is some evidence that strength of leisure as a buffer varies by activity
33
Q

Coping

A
  • The “attempt to lessen physical and/ or psychological stress or negative feelings associated with problematic circumstances”
    • Problem-focused coping
    • Emotion-focused coping
34
Q

Coping:

Leisure-related beliefs

A

those who see the value of leisure for empowerment/ social support have stronger coping abilities

35
Q

Coping:

Leisure coping strategies

A

use of leisure to “escape” or to induce a positive mood

36
Q

Social Constructionism

A
  • meaning is created through language, interactions with others, and becomes “truth
  • a theory of knowledge focused on how societies/cultures develop jointly constructed understandings of the world.
37
Q

Space

A

refers to a specific setting, location, etc.

38
Q

Place

A

refers to the meaning and attachments that a person or group has for a specific setting

39
Q

Sense of place

A

a means of understanding/ describing people’s relationship to a place

40
Q

Place attachment

A

affective relationships between people and the environment (natural and built)

41
Q

Place identity

A

focuses on the emotional and symbolic meanings recreationists ascribe to the recreation settings

42
Q

Place dependence

A

ability of a place to facilitate desired (leisure) experiences

43
Q

Social World

A

an internally recognizable constellation of actors, organizations, events, and practices which have coalesced into a perceived sphere of interest and involvement for participants

44
Q

Constraints

A
  • factors that limit leisure preferences and/or inhibit participation and enjoyment in leisure
  • psychological factors within an individual as well as factors in the social and physical environment
45
Q

Interpersonal Constraints

A
  • internal to the individual

- psychological states and attributes that interact with leisure preferences

46
Q

Intrapersonal Constraints

A

result of social interactions with others

47
Q

Structural Constraints

A
  • external factors

- intervene between leisure preferences and participation

48
Q

Constraints Negotiation

A

people may participate in leisure activities despite constraint

49
Q

Serious Leisure

A

the systematic pursuit of an amateur, hobbyist, or volunteer core activity that people find so substantial, interesting, and fulfilling that, in the typical case, they launch themselves on a (leisure) career centred on acquiring and expressing a combination of its special skills, knowledge and experience
(Stebbins)

50
Q

Amateurs

A

people who pursue for their leisure activities that others do in a professional capacity (i.e., art, science, sport, entertainment)

51
Q

Hobbyists

A

people who pursue leisure activities that have no professional counterpart (i.e., stamp collecting, fishing, some sports)

52
Q

Career Volunteers

A

committed volunteers (i.e., volunteers can also be casual or project-based)

53
Q

Casual leisure

A

immediate, intrinsically rewarding, relatively short-lived pleasurable activity requiring little or no special training to enjoy it

54
Q

Project based leisure

A

a short-term,moderately complicated,either one-shot or occasional, though infrequent, creative undertaking carried out in free time

55
Q

Devotee work

A

serious leisure from which the worker gains a livelihood

56
Q

Leisure specialization

A
  • Sense of progress (toward a goal; skills acquisition, etc.)
  • Greater involvement, skill (particularly related to use of specialized equipment)
57
Q

Neulinger’s Leisure Paradigm

A

Defines whether an activity can be understood as leisure based on motivation and perceived freedom
(visiting a sick friend, gym, volunteering)

58
Q

Self Determination Theory

A
  • Deci and Ryan
  • describes a way of understanding the interrelation between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, and how others influence our own motivation
  • ability to exercise ‘sense of choice’ within an environment
59
Q

Flow Theory

theorist

A

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

60
Q

Basic motivational dimensions of leisure behaviour

theorist

A

Iso-Ahola

61
Q

Stages of change model

theorist

A

Prochaska

DiClemente

62
Q

Theory of planned behaviour

theorist

A

Ajzen

Fishbein

63
Q

Ecological Systems Model

theorist

A

Bronfenbrenner

64
Q

Social Determinants of Health

theorist

A

Raphael

65
Q

Hierarchical, negotiation model of leisure constraints

A
  • Jackson, Crawford, Godbey
  • participation is dependent not on the absence of constraints but on negotiation through them
  • anticipation of one or more insurmountable interpersonal or structural constraints may suppress desire for participation
  • success of negotiation process is dependent of strengths of constraints and motivation for preparation
66
Q

Serious Leisure

theorist

A

Stebbins

Leisure 2127 (2 decks)

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