Midterm

Question 1

The junctional epithelium in the normal periodontium of the fully erupted permanent tooth:

Answer 1

is located between the base of the gingival sulcus and the connective tissue attachment

Question 2

T and F: Oral pigmentation can be caused by genetic predisposition. Non-genetic causes of gingival pigmentation can be caused by medical disorders.

Answer 2

both true

Question 3

Smokers melanosis can be seen in the periodontal tissues of heavy smokers. Which of the following statements is most correct.

Answer 3

Second-hand smoke can cause smokers melanosis in children.

Question 4

The average width of the attached gingiva on the facial of the mandibular premolars is:

Answer 4

1.8 mm

Question 5

Histologic features of the gingival epithelium include all of the following except:

Answer 5

knife-edge margin

Question 6

The layer of cells in the epithelium that is furthest from the basement membrane is the:

Answer 6

ST. corneum

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the gingival connective tissue?

Answer 7

The gingival connective tissue determines the differentiation of the epithelium.

Question 8

The cellular elements in the gingival connective tissue are what % of the total gingival connective tissue volume?

Answer 8

5%

Question 9

Which of the following features of the periodontal ligament is most correct?

Answer 9

hinnest in teeth with normal occlusion

Question 10

Connective tissue cells typically seen in the PDL (Periodontal ligament) include all of the following except:

Answer 10

Langerhan’s cells

Question 11

The gingival sulcus is located around the teeth in the normal periodontium. Which of the following statements is most correct?

Answer 11

The wall of the sulcus is non-keratinized similar to the col.

Question 12

Features of the junctional epithelium include all of the following except:

Answer 12

lacks an external basal lamina

Question 13

A critical factor that allows for teeth to be moved through bone with little damage to the root surface during orthodontics is:

Answer 13

Cementum is more resistant to resorption than bone.

Question 14

All of the following are sources for the vascular supply to the bone except:

Answer 14

Junctional epithelium.

Question 15

Epithelial cells found in the PDL (Periodontal ligament) can cause:

Answer 15

Periodontal cysts during infection.

Question 16

The normal periodontium is made up of all of the tissues except

Answer 16

enamel

Question 17

On the facial aspect of the normal periodontium, the attached gingiva is located between which two clinical landmarks?

Answer 17

Free gingival groove and the mucogingival line

Question 18

The widening of the periodontal ligament space (PDL) can be seen in some radiographs. The most common reason for seeing a widened PDL is due to

Answer 18

Occlusal trauma

Question 19

The landmark study done by Löe et.al. (1965) regarding the progression of gingivitis showed all of the following except:

Answer 19

The re-institution of appropriate oral hygiene seldom results in the resolution of gingival inflammation.

Question 20

Biofilms are very important in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. All of the statements are true except:

Answer 20

Little communication occurs between the microorganisms found in dental biofilms.

Question 21

Socransky provided a classification system placing bacteria into early and late colonizers during the progression of periodontal disease. The bacteria that make up the Red Complex include all of the following except:

Answer 21

Porphyomonas gingivalis

Tannerella forsynthesis
Treponema denticola

Question 22

Virulence factors enable bacteria to cause disease. Which of the following factors is not considered a virulence factor?

Answer 22

Lack of motility

Question 23

T an F: Biofilms are a complex cooperating community of various microorganisms and associated glycoproteins. Co-aggregation of bacteria in dental biofilms is a complex interaction between early and late colonizers.

Answer 23

both true

Question 24

There are multiple differences that have been described between the supragingival and subgingival plaque biofilm. Features that are seen in the supragingival plaque include all of the following

Answer 24

They use carbohydrates as their primary food source.

They are mostly Gram +, or facultative.
They are part of a complex glycoprotein matrix.

Question 25

The bacteria that have been shown to have a very strong association with periodontitis include all of the following

Answer 25

• P.ginivalis
• T. forsythia
• A. actinomycetemcomitans

Question 26

T and F: The interaction between microbial plaque and the host immune system can result in periodontitis. Calculus provides the substrate on which the pathogenic biofilm grows and matures.

Answer 26

both are true

Question 27

The current model of periodontitis describes the relationship between the microbial plaque and connective tissue loss. Which of the following statements is most true?

Answer 27

Genetic risk factors can play a role in the progression of periodontitis by modifying the host immune response to bacteria.

Question 28

Biofilms are important in the progression of periodontal disease. Which of the following statements is true regarding dental biofilms?

Answer 28

Biofilms are typically stratified with regards to oxygen tension (Redox potential)

Question 29

Non-plaque induced gingivitis can be the result of which of the following? Pick the most incorrect answer.

Answer 29

Loss of attachment cause by the red complex

Question 30

The characteristic most closely associated with endotoxins (LPS) is:

Answer 30

Released from dead Gram-negative bacteria and promote tissue damage.

Question 31

Periodontal disease typically occurs when multiple factors are present. The most incorrect statement is:

Answer 31

Today’s model of periodontal disease supports the non-specific plaque hypothesis.

Question 32

Periodontal disease occurs when multiple factors are present. The most accurate statement is:

Answer 32

The simultaneous presence of microbial plaque, genetic factors and acquired factors are required to cause periodontal disease.

Question 33

T and F: Virulence factors enable bacteria to cause disease. Bacterial capsules and endotoxins are good examples of virulence factors.

Answer 33

both are true

Question 34

The components of the inflamed gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) typically include all the following except:

Answer 34

Intact collagen fibrils

Question 35

Fluid leakage through the junctional epithelium into the periodontal pocket during inflammation includes all of the following except:

Answer 35

osteoclasts

Question 36

The components of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) typically include all of the following except:

Answer 36

Epithelial cells from the rests of Malassez

Question 37

T and F: Calculus is the primary etiology that initiates gingival inflammation leading to clinical gingivitis. Increased GCF flow associated with increased gingival inflammation provides the minerals that help convert the subgingival plaque to calculus.

Answer 37

First is true and second is false

Question 38

The non-specific plaque hypothesis states that:

Answer 38

Increased plaque mass is directly related to the increase in severity of periodontal disease

Question 39

Early Models of Periodontitis suggested that occlusal trauma

Answer 39

played a role in bone loss

Question 40

Which of the following features is true regarding leukotoxin?

Answer 40

produced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemocomitans (formerly called Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitas)