Midterm

Question 1

Broadman’s Area 4

Answer 1

M1 primary motor cortex

Question 2

Broadman’s Area 312

Answer 2

S1 Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 3

Broadman’s Area 5 & 7

Answer 3

S2 Secondary somatosensory cortex

Question 4

Broadman’s Area 4 & 6

Answer 4

motor planning

Question 5

Broadman’s Area 17

Answer 5

Primary visual cortex

Question 6

Broadman’s Area 18 & 19

Answer 6

Secondary visual cortex

Question 7

Thalamus receives all sensory inputs from periphery except

Answer 7

Olfactory

Question 8

Thalamus: anterior nucleus

Answer 8

relays information to & from subcortical limbic structures to cortical limbic structures (cingulate gyrus) to contribute to emotional tone.

Question 9

Thalamus: dorsomedial nucleus

Answer 9

relays information to and from the prefrontal lobe, to contribute to judgment and reasoning & executive functions.

Question 10

Thalamus: ventral anterior nucleus (VAN)

Answer 10

relays information from globus pallidus of basal ganglia and cerebellum (secondary) to premotor areas and M1 (secondary); important for motor planning/regulation

Question 11

Thalamus: ventral lateral nucleus

Answer 11

relays information from cerebellum and globus pallidus of basal ganglia to M1 (primarily cb) and premotor areas (primarily BG); important for motor output regulation

Question 12

Thalamus: ventral posterior nucleus

Answer 12

relay somatosensory & vestibular information to the cortex

Question 13

Thalamus: pulvinar nucleus

Answer 13

relays information among cortical association cortices, including areas 5/7 and areas 18/19

Question 14

Thalamus: lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 14

relays visual information to primary visual cortex (area 17 of the occipital lobe).

Question 15

Thalamus: medial geniculate nucleus

Answer 15

relays auditory information to primary auditory cortex (area 41 of the temporal lobe).

Question 16

Thalamus: intralaminar, centromedian, & midline nuclei

Answer 16

relay arousal information from the reticular system to widespread areas of the brain.

Question 17

Ia respond to

Answer 17

quick muscle stretch/deep tendon reflex

Question 18

Ib respond to

Answer 18

golgi tendon organ stretch

Question 19

conscious pain comes from ____ fibers

Answer 19

A delta (free nerve ending)

Question 20

unconscious pain comes from ____ fibers

Answer 20

C (free nerve ending)

Question 21

II fibers respond to

Answer 21

static stretch

Question 22

Superficial fine touch

Answer 22

Meissner’s & Merkel’s

Question 23

Gamma motor neurons

Answer 23

adjust spindle fiber length via specialized muscle fibers (“intrafusal”) so spindle is responsive through physiologic range of muscle length

Question 24

MCA distribution

Answer 24

Occlusion will have more deficits in UE & face

Question 25

ACA distribution

Answer 25

Occlusion will have more deficits in LE

Question 26

Brodman’s area 42 (part of 22)

Answer 26

Secondary auditory cortex

Question 27

Brodman’s area 39 & 40

Answer 27

SAA

Question 28

Higher sound frequencies stimulate hair cells at the ______, lower frequencies at the ________

Answer 28

base, apex

Question 29

Comprehension of sound occurs in

Answer 29

Wernike’s area

Question 30

Semicircular canal pairings (one inhibitory, one excitatory)

Answer 30

L post/R ant, L ant/R post, R & L horizontal

Question 31

utricle maximally stimulated with ____ movement

Answer 31

sideways

Question 32

Saccule maximally stimulated with ____ movement

Answer 32

up/down

Question 33

responsible for maintaining gaze stability at >60 deg/sec

Answer 33

Vestibular system

Question 34

responsible for maintaining gaze stability at

Answer 34

smooth pursuit

Question 35

hyperalgesia

Answer 35

increased sensitivity to noxious stimulus (Pinching a broken arm hurts more than pinching a healthy arm)

Question 36

allodynia

Answer 36

feeling of pain from a non-noxious stimulus (Like light touch across your forearm when the skin is sunburnt)

Question 37

Primary and secondary hyperalgesia/allodynia

Answer 37

Primary is experienced at the site of injury – secondary when pain is experienced away from the site of injury

Question 38

Habituation

Answer 38

simple form of neuroplasticity
Due to decrease in synaptic activity between sensory neuron and interneuron

ex: withdrawal reflex from mildly painful stimulus ceased after several repetitions of the stimulus

Question 39

Brodman’s area 41

Answer 39

Primary auditory cortex aka Heschl’s gyrus