Midterm Flashcards
Broadman’s Area 4
M1 primary motor cortex
Broadman’s Area 312
S1 Primary somatosensory cortex
Broadman’s Area 5 & 7
S2 Secondary somatosensory cortex
Broadman’s Area 4 & 6
motor planning
Broadman’s Area 17
Primary visual cortex
Broadman’s Area 18 & 19
Secondary visual cortex
Thalamus receives all sensory inputs from periphery except
Olfactory
Thalamus: anterior nucleus
relays information to & from subcortical limbic structures to cortical limbic structures (cingulate gyrus) to contribute to emotional tone.
Thalamus: dorsomedial nucleus
relays information to and from the prefrontal lobe, to contribute to judgment and reasoning & executive functions.
Thalamus: ventral anterior nucleus (VAN)
relays information from globus pallidus of basal ganglia and cerebellum (secondary) to premotor areas and M1 (secondary); important for motor planning/regulation
Thalamus: ventral lateral nucleus
relays information from cerebellum and globus pallidus of basal ganglia to M1 (primarily cb) and premotor areas (primarily BG); important for motor output regulation
Thalamus: ventral posterior nucleus
relay somatosensory & vestibular information to the cortex
Thalamus: pulvinar nucleus
relays information among cortical association cortices, including areas 5/7 and areas 18/19
Thalamus: lateral geniculate nucleus
relays visual information to primary visual cortex (area 17 of the occipital lobe).
Thalamus: medial geniculate nucleus
relays auditory information to primary auditory cortex (area 41 of the temporal lobe).
Thalamus: intralaminar, centromedian, & midline nuclei
relay arousal information from the reticular system to widespread areas of the brain.
Ia respond to
quick muscle stretch/deep tendon reflex
Ib respond to
golgi tendon organ stretch
conscious pain comes from ____ fibers
A delta (free nerve ending)
unconscious pain comes from ____ fibers
C (free nerve ending)
II fibers respond to
static stretch
Superficial fine touch
Meissner’s & Merkel’s
Gamma motor neurons
adjust spindle fiber length via specialized muscle fibers (“intrafusal”) so spindle is responsive through physiologic range of muscle length
MCA distribution
Occlusion will have more deficits in UE & face
ACA distribution
Occlusion will have more deficits in LE
Brodman’s area 42 (part of 22)
Secondary auditory cortex
Brodman’s area 39 & 40
SAA
Higher sound frequencies stimulate hair cells at the ______, lower frequencies at the ________
base, apex
Comprehension of sound occurs in
Wernike’s area
Semicircular canal pairings (one inhibitory, one excitatory)
L post/R ant, L ant/R post, R & L horizontal
utricle maximally stimulated with ____ movement
sideways
Saccule maximally stimulated with ____ movement
up/down
responsible for maintaining gaze stability at >60 deg/sec
Vestibular system
responsible for maintaining gaze stability at
smooth pursuit
hyperalgesia
increased sensitivity to noxious stimulus (Pinching a broken arm hurts more than pinching a healthy arm)
allodynia
feeling of pain from a non-noxious stimulus (Like light touch across your forearm when the skin is sunburnt)
Primary and secondary hyperalgesia/allodynia
Primary is experienced at the site of injury – secondary when pain is experienced away from the site of injury
Habituation
simple form of neuroplasticity
Due to decrease in synaptic activity between sensory neuron and interneuron
ex: withdrawal reflex from mildly painful stimulus ceased after several repetitions of the stimulus
Brodman’s area 41
Primary auditory cortex aka Heschl’s gyrus
