Final

Question 1

Hypertonia the pathology is in the _____

Answer 1

alpha motor neuron

Question 2

Brodman’s area 4

Answer 2

M1

Question 3

Brodman’s area 6

Answer 3

PMA

Question 4

Brodman’s area 44 & 45

Answer 4

Broca’s

Question 5

Damage to any of the ______ causes more complex motor deficits than damage to M1 alone

Answer 5

premotor areas

Question 6

dorsal Premotor cortex projects largely to ____

Answer 6

proximal muscles

Question 7

ventral premotor cortex projects largely to ____

Answer 7

hand and digit muscles

Question 8

dorsal pmc cells fire between

Answer 8

cue and action

Question 9

ventral pmc cells fire

Answer 9

for specific hand movements whether watching or performing

Question 10

sma important for

Answer 10

sequential movements

Question 11

stimulation of sma provokes

Answer 11

bilateral movements

Question 12

4 functions of basal ganglia

Answer 12

1 preparation for movement
2 initiation of movement
3 regulate stereotypic movement
4 learning of new motor tasks

(BG has no direct connection to LMN, adjust activity via connections to thalamus)

Question 13

5 nuclei of BG and roles

Answer 13

caudate (input)
putamen (input)
globus pallidus (output) (internus & externus) 
substantia nigra (regulate output)
subthalamic nucleus (regulate output)

Question 14

Striatum =

Answer 14

caudate nucleus & putamen — two main input nuclei of BG

Question 15

lentiform nucleus =

Answer 15

globus pallidus & putamen

Question 16

BG direct motor pathway

Answer 16

facilitates movement

Question 17

BG indirect motor pathway

Answer 17

Inhibits movement

Question 18

parallel fibers and climbing fibers are both ______ to perkinje cells

Answer 18

excitatory

Question 19

perkinje cells are ______ to cerebellar nuclei

Answer 19

inhibitory