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Anatomy > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is found in which cavity

A

Thoracic

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2
Q

The basic structural and functional units of an organism, such as a plant or animal, is the

A

Cell

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3
Q

The pericardial cavity

A

Contains the pericardial fluid

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4
Q

The scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things is what

A

Physiology

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5
Q

The guillotine, a medieval instrument for beheading criminals, could be described as passing along what plane through the neck

A

Transverse

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6
Q

Which of the sections below separates the body into dorsal and ventral parts

A

Frontal section

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7
Q

The study of the body’s organization that considers the heart, blood and all of the associated blood vessels as a unit is called what

A

Systemic anatomy

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8
Q

Which of the following is the cavity on taking the liver, stomach, kidneys, and spleen

A

Abdominal cavity

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9
Q

A group of cells with similar structure and function plus the extra cellular substances located between them describes what

A

Tissues

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10
Q

A cut accross the long axis of an organ at an angle other than a right angle is described as what

A

An oblique section

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11
Q

patient arrives at an emergency room with a traumatic pneumothorax after a car accident. In the course of the accident, the patient suffered a penetration wound which allowed air to fill the space around one of his lungs causing it to collapse. Which cavity must the doctor remove the air from?

A

Pleural cavity

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12
Q

Which of the sections below separates the body into left and right parts

A

Median plane

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13
Q

When a person is in anatomical position, the wrist is what to the elbow

A

Distal

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14
Q

What is the characteristic of life that enables an organism to sense changes in the environment and make adjustments needed to sustain its life

A

Responsiveness

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15
Q

A vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves is called what

A

Median plane

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16
Q

What characteristic means the ability to use energy to perform vital functions

A

Metabolism

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17
Q

The kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and urinary bladder are what

A

Retroperitoneal

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18
Q

The cavity containing the heart but not the lungs is what

A

Pericardial cavity

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19
Q

Which of the following is cut through the long axis of an organ

A

Longitudinal section

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20
Q

Which of the sections separates the body into superior and inferior parts

A

Transverse section

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21
Q

The fluid found between serous membrane layers does what

A

Reduces friction

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22
Q

X-rays, ultrasound, mri, and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures are examples of what

A

Anatomical imaging

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23
Q

What is not a type of tissue

A

Serous

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24
Q

If you make a jello mold with strawberries suspended in it, and whipped cream on top, the strawberries are what while the whip cream is what

A

Deep, superficial

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25
Q

What is a cut through an organ at right angles to the long axis

A

Transverse section

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26
Q

The arm extends from where to where

A

Shoulder to elbow

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27
Q

What is true of negative feedback

A

Negative feedback is important for maintaining homeostasis

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28
Q

The study of the body’s organization by areas is called what

A

Regional anatomy

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29
Q

An example of cavity surrounded by the rib cage, bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm is what

A

Thoracic cavity

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30
Q

A cavity contains the urinary bladder enclosed by the bones of the pelvis is what cavity

A

Pelvic cavity

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31
Q

What are the two major goals of physiology

A

To understand and predict the body response to stimuli and to understand how the body maintains homeostasis

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32
Q

In which quadrant of the abdomen would most of the liver be located

A

Right upper quadrant

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33
Q

What is the midline partition that divides the thoracic cavity into two parts

A

The mediastinum

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34
Q

Anatomical position refers to individuals that are

A

Standing erect, upper limbs at their sides, and palms facing anterior

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35
Q

The study of external features, such as bony projections that serve as landmarks to locate deeper structures is called what

A

Surface anatomy

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36
Q

From the anatomical position the scapula is always what to the ribs

A

Dorsal, posterior, and superficial

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37
Q

Cavity contains the lungs but not the heart is what cavity

A

Pleural cavity

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38
Q

A patient arrives at an emergency room with a traumatic pneumothorax after a car accident. In the course of the accident, the patient suffered a penetration wound which allowed air to fill the space around one of her lungs causing it to collapse. Which serous membranes were likely damaged assuming that the lung itself was not punctured?

A

Parietal pleura

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39
Q

The trunk of the body consists of the thorax, the abdomen, and what

A

Pelvis

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40
Q

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the what

A

Diaphragm

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41
Q

What is not true about cartilage

A

The matrix of cartilage is mineralized and calcified giving it a ring like pattern

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42
Q

What are anchor fells to the basement membranes, found in the epithelial , and are a modified form of desmosomes

A

Hemidesmosomes

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43
Q

Cell connections that bind adjacent cells together and form permeability barriers are called what

A

Tight junctions

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44
Q

What are small channels that allow materials to pass from one epithelial cell to another

A

Gab junctions

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45
Q

During tissue repair, the clot is first replaced by a delicate connective tissue called what

A

Granulation tissue

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46
Q

The most correct classification of epithelial tissue consisting of many layers of cells, in which the outer layers are flat and thing and the basal layers are cuboidal or columnar is what

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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47
Q

When new viable cells replace dead cells the process is called what

A

Replacement or regeneration

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48
Q

What are striated muscle cells

A

Both skeletal and cardiac muscle cells

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49
Q

What is correct about the ability of certain cells to divide and produce new cells

A

Permanent cells cannot undergo mitosis and divide

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50
Q

When you get sunburn after a day at the beach which membrane have you damaged

A

Cutaneous

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51
Q

What are located in the walls of the stomach and small intestine

A

Smooth muscle cells

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52
Q

The blood-brain barrier is a specialized epithelium that prevents many materials from passing from the blood into the brain. The type of cell connections most likely present between the cells forming this barrier are

A

Tight junctions

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53
Q

What is not a characteristic of cardiac muscle

A

Many nuclei per cell

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54
Q

What cells are unicellular glands that produce mucus

A

Goblet

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55
Q

What have multiple layers of cells that hinder movement of materials into the body and are found in areas of the body where abrasions can occur are correct

A

Stratified epithelial tissue

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56
Q

What happens in regeneration

A

New cells of the same type are created and normal function is usually restored

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57
Q

Cells of the epidermis are linked together via what which rivets the plasma membranes of the two cells together with a network of fine proteins and intercellular cement

A

Desmosomes

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58
Q

What are nerve cell processes that conduct action potentials away from the cell body

A

Axon

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59
Q

The supportive cells of the nervous system are called what

A

Neuralgia

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60
Q

What functoin as a filter and barrier to cell or pathogen movement, attach epithelial cells to the underlying tissue and are secreted partially by epithelial cells and partially by the cells of the underlying tissue are true of what

A

Basement membranes

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61
Q

What are major components of the extra cellular matrix of connective tissue include what

A

Protein fibers, ground substance, and fluid

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62
Q

What membranes are associated with the lungs

A

Pleural

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63
Q

Epithelial cells that appear cube like when an organ is relaxed and flattened when the organ is distended by fluid are classified as what

A

Transitional epithelium

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64
Q

Two types of phagocytic cells involved in tissue repairs are what

A

Neutrophils and macrophages

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65
Q

What is a false statement about epithelial tissue

A

Epithelial tissue is vascular

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66
Q

What is not one of the four basic tissue types

A

Glandular

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67
Q

The major symptoms of inflammation include

A

Redness and swelling, heat, pain, and disturbance of function

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68
Q

Your significant other is an amazing chef. When you come home from lecture, the smell of whatever s/ he is cooking makes you salivate as soon as you step in the door. Your saliva is being secreted from what type of gland?

A

Exocrine

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69
Q

What usually contain in a single nucleus

A

Both cardiac and smooth muscle cells

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70
Q

What are branched cells

A

Cardiac smooth muscle cells

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71
Q

A gland with branching ducts that expand into saclike structures is what

A

Compound acinar exocrine gland

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72
Q

What cells are non motile cells that release chemicals that promote inflammation

A

Mast

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73
Q

What are nerve cell processes that receive action potentials and conducts them toward the nerve cell body

A

Dendrites

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74
Q

Epithelium that consists of a single layer of cells, in which some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface and others do not is classified as what

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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75
Q

What secrets hormones

A

Endocrine glands

76
Q

What are joined to each other by structures called intercalated disks

A

Cardiac muscle cells

77
Q

The part of the nerve cell in which the nucleus is located is the what

A

Cell body

78
Q

The lunula is part of what

A

Nail matrix

79
Q

One of the most immediately life threatening results of burns to large areas of the body is what

A

Decreases systemic blood pressure and development of cardiovascular shock

80
Q

The type of glands that lubricate skin and hair and protect against some bacteria are what

A

Sebaceous glands

81
Q

What is determined by the varying amounts and types of melanin

A

Hair color

82
Q

To be safe and effective sunblock should block what

A

Both UVA and UVB

83
Q

What is the layer of skin made of epithelial tissue and what is composed of dense connective tissue

A

Epidermis, dermis

84
Q

What consists of collagen and elastic fibers, is responsible for most of the structural strength of the skin, contains fibroblasts, and has dermal papillae

A

The dermis

85
Q

What is a fungal infection of the skin

A

Ringworm

86
Q

Regeneration of the epidermis in a second degree burn comes from what

A

Epithelial cells within the hair follicles and sweat glands and comes from the epithelial cells at the edges of the damaged area

87
Q

What glands help to cool the body

A

Merocrine sweat glands

88
Q

What type of burn results in excessive fluid loss

A

Third degree burns

89
Q

What type of glands cause the production of body odor

A

Aprocrine sweat glands

90
Q

The nail grows from where

A

The nail matrix

91
Q

The type of glands that open into a hair follicle and produces sebum are what

A

Sebaceous glands

92
Q

The type of glands that open into a hair follicle and have thick organic secretion are what

A

Apocrine sweat glands

93
Q

Fingerprints and footprints are produced by dermal projections into the epidermis called what

A

Papillae

94
Q

The stratum corneum of the epidermis can become what

A

Thickened and form a structure called a callus or corn

95
Q

Cleavage or tension lines are produced when what

A

There are more collagen fibers running in one direction than another

96
Q

The type of glands that open on surface of skin and have watery secretion are

A

Merocrine sweat glands

97
Q

What is also called subcutaneous tissue, is loose connective tissue that attaches the skin to underlying bones and muscle, and contains about half of the body’s stored fat

A

The hypodermis

98
Q

Pat is on the newest diet craze. After a couple of weeks of eating only carrots and carrot based products, he begins to notice that his skin has a decidedly yellowish tint. This is because

A

Excess carotene from his diet has accumulated in the lipids of the stratum corneum

99
Q

What usually arises from melanocytes in a preexisting mole

A

Malignant melanoma

100
Q

What cannot cause redness of the skin

A

Exposure to cold

101
Q

What is produced by melanocytes

A

Melanin

102
Q

In which of these cavities would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found?

A

Pelvic

103
Q

when cancer is said to have metastasized it means that it has what

A

spread to other areas of the body

104
Q

what is a viral infection that shows signs on the skin

A

shingles

105
Q

what can be used to estimate total body fat

A

the hypodermis

106
Q

hair is formed or made by cells within the what

A

hair bulb

107
Q

the maxillae is what type of bone

A

an irregular bone

108
Q

the lumps that can be felt down the midline of the back are what

A

spinous process

109
Q

after what become completely surrounded by bone matrix,they are then called what

A

osteoblasts, osteocytes

110
Q

when bone growth stops, what is replaced at each epiiphyseal plate with bone and is called the epipyseal line

A

cartilage

111
Q

what joins the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint

A

the coxae

112
Q

if blood calcium levels are too high, what activity decreases, while what activity increases

A

osteoclast, osteoblast

113
Q

a green stick fracture is one specific example of what

A

an incomplete fracture

114
Q

the extracellular matrix and ligaments is made up of

A

primarily collagen fibers

115
Q

the two bones of the skull in which teeth are located are the what

A

maxilla and madible

116
Q

during growth of a long bone the site of growth in length is the what

A

medullary cavity

117
Q

the location where vertebrae join each other is the

A

articular facets

118
Q

Fibrous joints between the bones of the skull are called

A

sutures

119
Q

the anatomical term to describe a tunnel in bone is

A

canal or meatus

120
Q

What joints a type of synovial joint move only in one place

A

hinge

121
Q

in compact bone a Haversian canal, with the lamellae and osteocytes surrounding are called what

A

osteon

122
Q

the cells that actively break down osseous tissue are what

A

osteoclasts

123
Q

the extracellular matrix of cartilage is made up of what

A

collagen and proteoglycans

124
Q

which of these bones is a part of the appendicular skeleton

A

clavicle

125
Q

what causes reabsorption of calcium from the urine in the kidney and an increase in calcium absorption in the small intestine

A

parathyroid hormone

126
Q

the functions of the skeletal system do not include what

A

transport of materials via its fluid matrix

127
Q

the long bones of the body form through what ossification

A

endochondral

128
Q

the locations where spinal nerves exit the vertebrae are the

A

intervertebral foramina

129
Q

the ulna and radius are best classified as

A

long bones

130
Q

which two bones contribute to the nasal septum

A

vomer and ethmoid

131
Q

bones are a tyoe

A

connective tissue

132
Q

what occurs in the bones of the roof of the skull

A

intramembranous ossification

133
Q

in the human body, bones are continuously what

A

being recycled and remodeled

134
Q

the outer surface of bone is covered by a connective tissue layer called the what

A

periosteum

135
Q

what are the weight bearing portion of vertebra

A

vertebral body

136
Q

the extracellular matrix of bone does not include what

A

elastic fibers

137
Q

what is a unique movement that occurs at the thumb as it moves through the little finger

A

opposition

138
Q

the first seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum are called what

A

True ribs and sternal ribs

139
Q

What are the opening through which the spinal cord passes

A

vertebral body

140
Q

what consists of the clavicle and scapula

A

the pectoral girdle

141
Q

How many bones are in the human body

A

206

142
Q

Compact bone consists of cells called osteocytes located within spaces in the matrix called what

A

Lacunae

143
Q

The ribs and sternum are best classified as what

A

Flat bones

144
Q

The interconnecting rods or plates of bone in cancellous bone are called what

A

Trabeculae

145
Q

Vertebrae are best classified as what

A

Irregular bones

146
Q

Large points of muscle attachment near the head of the femur are called what

A

The trochanters

147
Q

Metacarpals and phalanges are best classified as what

A

Short bones

148
Q

What is Marion that is usually due to a bacterial infection

A

Osteomyelitis

149
Q

The anatomical term for a cavity found in bone is called what

A

Sinus

150
Q

The joint uniting the parietal and temporal bones is the

A

Squamous suture

151
Q

What is the anatomical term for a depression found in bone

A

Fossa

152
Q

What is a term describing a hole found in bone

A

Foramen

153
Q

A person who has had their thyroid removed may have low levels of what, causing what blood calcium levels

A

Calcitonin, slightly higher

154
Q

What is a single muscle cell

A

Muscle fiber

155
Q

What muscles are used to elevate the larynx

A

The hyoid muscles

156
Q

This is the most stationary end of a muscle

A

Origin

157
Q

The high energy molecule that can be quickly used to produce ago is what

A

Creatine phosphate

158
Q

A superficial muscle of the posterior compartment of the leg is the what

A

Gastrocnemius

159
Q

The anterior hip muscle that flexes the thigh is that

A

Iliopsoas

160
Q

What is the end of s muscle attached to a bone undergoing the greatest movement

A

Insertion

161
Q

What is to prevent the inappropriate binding to myosin

A

Tropomyosin in muscle contraction

162
Q

Elasticity is the ability of skeletal muscle to do what

A

Recoil to their original resting position

163
Q

What is attached to bones via tendons

A

Whole skeletal muscle

164
Q

What is the smooth ER of a muscle fiber and stores calcium ions

A

Sacroplasmic reticulum

165
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds the fasciculi is called what

A

Perimysium

166
Q

A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates is called what

A

Motor unit

167
Q

Which muscle are involved in puckering up to kiss someone

A

Orbiculaeis and buccinator

168
Q

In what does the contraction amount of tension increases during contraction but the length of the muscle does not change

A

Isometric

169
Q

What is not a functional characteristic of skeletal muscle

A

Reversibility

170
Q

What is not a function of muscle

A

Production of red blood cells

171
Q

The muscle that works in opposition to another muscle is the what

A

Antagonist

172
Q

What is a group of muscle cells surrounded by Perimysium

A

Muscle fasciculus

173
Q

Muscle of mastication include

A

Masseter and temporalis

174
Q

The major abductor of the upper limb is the what

A

Deltoid

175
Q

What is not a major function of the muscular system

A

Prevention of water loss

176
Q

A muscle fiber will not respond to a stimulus until that stimulus reaches what

A

Threshold level

177
Q

The specific molecules that provide calcium binding sites on actin are what molecules

A

Troponin

178
Q

The basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle is the

A

Sarcomere

179
Q

What are attached to z lines at one end

A

Actin myofilaments

180
Q

What is not an effect of aging in the muscular system

A

Increase in the number of myofilaments in each fiber

181
Q

The hip muscle commonly used as a site for injections is what

A

Gluteus medius

182
Q

What is a muscle in a group that plays a major role in a desired movement

A

Prime mover

183
Q

What flexes the wrist and fingers

A

The anterior forearm muscle

184
Q

Contractibility is the ability of skeletal muscles to

A

Shorten with force

185
Q

What acts as an energy reserve in muscle tissue

A

Creatine phosphate

186
Q

If someone winks at you, what are they using

A

Orbicularis oculi

Anatomy (4 decks)

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