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Philosophy > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

The literal translation of the word ___________ is “the love of wisdom.”

A

PHILOSOPHY

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2
Q

_______________ is the study of the nature and the source of knowledge

A

EPISTEMOLOGY

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3
Q

_______________ asks questions about the existence of god, the relationship between faith and reason, and why a good god lets bad things happen

A

PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

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4
Q

_______________ is the art of public speaking

A

RHETORIC

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5
Q

The __________________ is the process of question and answer that Socrates used to get closer to the truth

A

SOCRATIC METHOD

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6
Q

_________________ is the claim that there is only one kind of reality

A

METAPHYSICAL MONISM

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7
Q

_________________ is the claim that reality is purely mental or spiritual in nature

A

METAPHYSICAL IDEALISM

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8
Q

Descartes’ position that claims that the mind and body are separate entities, and they casualy interact with each otehr is called __________________

A

INTERACTIONALISM

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9
Q

The version of physicalism which claims that we can continue to use the language of minds and mental events is called _______________

A

REDUCTIONISM

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10
Q

________________ is the version of physicalism which claims that we should discard all language of minds and mental events

A

ELIMINATIVISM

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11
Q

The metaphysical issue concerned with how we should understand the two aspects of self, whether non physical thoughts and feelings are caused by physical events, and if there is a mind at all is called the _______________

A

MIND/BODY PROBLEM

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12
Q

The metaphysical issue concerned with the origins of our actions, whether we freely choose our thoughts and actions, and whether we can be morally responsible for actions beyond our control is called the _________________

A

FREE WILL VS DETERMINISM ISSUE

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13
Q

Socrates referred to himself as the ____________

A

MIDWIFE OF IDEAS

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14
Q

________________ is the criteria for evaluating a philosophy which states that the terms and concepts within your philosophy must be clearly defined

A

CLARITY

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15
Q

_________________ is the criteria for evaluating a philosophy which evaluates how well the parts of a philosophy go together

A

COMPREHENSIVENESS

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16
Q

Descartes position of dualism created an unlikely compromise between _________________

A

THE SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS VIEWS OF THE WORLD

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17
Q

Which philosopher believed that the mind and body interact in the pineal gland?

A

DESCARTES

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18
Q

What are some criticisms the physicalist makes of dualism?

A

Dualism violates the principle of the conservation of energy, the dualist cannot adequately explain where mind-body interaction occurs, and the dualist cannot adequately explain how mind body interaciton occurs

19
Q

Which position of free will vs. determinism issue claims that we do NOT have metaphysical freedom?

A

DETERMINISM

20
Q

The libertarian and the compatibilist both believe that ___________

A

WE HAVE MORAL RESPONSIBILITY

21
Q

The hard determinist and the compatibilist bot hbelieve that

A

WE HAVE MORAL RESPONSIBILITY

22
Q

Which position would claim that criminals cannot be held morally responsible for their behavior, their behaior is the inevitable result of previous causes, and they sould be given psychological treatment,not punishment?

A

HARD DETERMINIST

23
Q

According to agency theory, the two kinds of causes are

A

EVENT CAUSATION AND AGENT CAUSATION

24
Q

Sartre uses the term “transcendence” to refer to

A

the fact that our lives are defined by the possibilities we face and choices we make

25
Q

WHAT ARE SOME CRITICISMS MADE AGAINST DETERMINISM?

A

makes unwarranted generalization from a limited amount of evidence, confuses the methodological assumptions of science with metaphysical conclusions, and undermines the notion of rationality

26
Q

What are some of the arguments in favor of libertarianism?

A

The argument in favor of uncaused events

27
Q

Which position claims that circumstantial freedom is the kind of freedom necessary for us to be morally responsible, not metaphysical freedom?

A

COMPATIBILISM

28
Q

Socrates believed that he was the smartest guy in Athens because he

A

had found the ultimate truth, using the socratic method

29
Q

The sophists were

A

WANDERING TEACHERS WHO TAUGHT RHETORIC/SPEECH

30
Q

____________________ is a logical move that is used to show that your opponent’s position leads to a contradiction

A

Reductio ad absurdum

31
Q

Who was accused and found guilty of corrupting the minds of the youth and teaching about gods other than the official gods of Athens?

A

SOCRATES

32
Q

After being accused and found guilty of corrupting the minds of the youth and teaching about gods otehr than the official gods of Athens, ______________ was sentenced to death by hemlock.

A

SOCRATES

33
Q

Socrates main teachings included

A
  1. the unexamined life is not worth living
  2. The truth lies within each of us.
  3. We should strive for excellence in all areas of life.
  4. No one knowingly does evil.
  5. It is better to suffer wickedness than to commit it.
  6. The soul is immortal
34
Q

In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, the world outside the cave represented

A

THE THEORY OF FORUMS

35
Q

In Plato’s allegory of the cave, the physical world is represented by

A

THE METAPHOR –

36
Q

Plato believes that things like justice, and other non physical things, are all examples of

A

“HIGHER FORMS”

37
Q

A ________________ occurs when expressing two assertions that culd not both be true under any possible circumstances

A

LOGICAL INCONSISTENCY

38
Q

Which type of argument claims that the conclusion necessarily follows the premises?

A

DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT

39
Q

___________________ is the branch of philosophy which sets out the principles for distinguishing correct reasoning from incorrect reasoning

A

ETHICS

40
Q

The branch of philosophy that asks questions about the nature of reality

A

METAPHYSICS

41
Q

The hard determinist and the libertarian both believe that

A

INCOMPATIBILISM IS TRUE

42
Q

The ____________ states that if two things do not have exactly identical properties, then they are not

A

Principle of the Non-Identity of Discernibles

43
Q

_________________ claims that we should get rid of all unnecessary entities in our theories and keep things as simple as possible

A

OCKHAM’S RAZOR

44
Q

_____________ is the position on the mind body problem that relates the human being to a comptuer, seeing the brian as being similar to the physical hardware of a computer, and the mind as being similar to a computer progroam software

A

FUNCTIONALISM

Philosophy (5 decks)

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