MIDTERM Flashcards
The literal translation of the word ___________ is “the love of wisdom.”
PHILOSOPHY
_______________ is the study of the nature and the source of knowledge
EPISTEMOLOGY
_______________ asks questions about the existence of god, the relationship between faith and reason, and why a good god lets bad things happen
PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
_______________ is the art of public speaking
RHETORIC
The __________________ is the process of question and answer that Socrates used to get closer to the truth
SOCRATIC METHOD
_________________ is the claim that there is only one kind of reality
METAPHYSICAL MONISM
_________________ is the claim that reality is purely mental or spiritual in nature
METAPHYSICAL IDEALISM
Descartes’ position that claims that the mind and body are separate entities, and they casualy interact with each otehr is called __________________
INTERACTIONALISM
The version of physicalism which claims that we can continue to use the language of minds and mental events is called _______________
REDUCTIONISM
________________ is the version of physicalism which claims that we should discard all language of minds and mental events
ELIMINATIVISM
The metaphysical issue concerned with how we should understand the two aspects of self, whether non physical thoughts and feelings are caused by physical events, and if there is a mind at all is called the _______________
MIND/BODY PROBLEM
The metaphysical issue concerned with the origins of our actions, whether we freely choose our thoughts and actions, and whether we can be morally responsible for actions beyond our control is called the _________________
FREE WILL VS DETERMINISM ISSUE
Socrates referred to himself as the ____________
MIDWIFE OF IDEAS
________________ is the criteria for evaluating a philosophy which states that the terms and concepts within your philosophy must be clearly defined
CLARITY
_________________ is the criteria for evaluating a philosophy which evaluates how well the parts of a philosophy go together
COMPREHENSIVENESS
Descartes position of dualism created an unlikely compromise between _________________
THE SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS VIEWS OF THE WORLD
Which philosopher believed that the mind and body interact in the pineal gland?
DESCARTES
What are some criticisms the physicalist makes of dualism?
Dualism violates the principle of the conservation of energy, the dualist cannot adequately explain where mind-body interaction occurs, and the dualist cannot adequately explain how mind body interaciton occurs
Which position of free will vs. determinism issue claims that we do NOT have metaphysical freedom?
DETERMINISM
The libertarian and the compatibilist both believe that ___________
WE HAVE MORAL RESPONSIBILITY
The hard determinist and the compatibilist bot hbelieve that
WE HAVE MORAL RESPONSIBILITY
Which position would claim that criminals cannot be held morally responsible for their behavior, their behaior is the inevitable result of previous causes, and they sould be given psychological treatment,not punishment?
HARD DETERMINIST
According to agency theory, the two kinds of causes are
EVENT CAUSATION AND AGENT CAUSATION
Sartre uses the term “transcendence” to refer to
the fact that our lives are defined by the possibilities we face and choices we make
WHAT ARE SOME CRITICISMS MADE AGAINST DETERMINISM?
makes unwarranted generalization from a limited amount of evidence, confuses the methodological assumptions of science with metaphysical conclusions, and undermines the notion of rationality
What are some of the arguments in favor of libertarianism?
The argument in favor of uncaused events
Which position claims that circumstantial freedom is the kind of freedom necessary for us to be morally responsible, not metaphysical freedom?
COMPATIBILISM
Socrates believed that he was the smartest guy in Athens because he
had found the ultimate truth, using the socratic method
The sophists were
WANDERING TEACHERS WHO TAUGHT RHETORIC/SPEECH
____________________ is a logical move that is used to show that your opponent’s position leads to a contradiction
Reductio ad absurdum
Who was accused and found guilty of corrupting the minds of the youth and teaching about gods other than the official gods of Athens?
SOCRATES
After being accused and found guilty of corrupting the minds of the youth and teaching about gods otehr than the official gods of Athens, ______________ was sentenced to death by hemlock.
SOCRATES
Socrates main teachings included
- the unexamined life is not worth living
- The truth lies within each of us.
- We should strive for excellence in all areas of life.
- No one knowingly does evil.
- It is better to suffer wickedness than to commit it.
- The soul is immortal
In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, the world outside the cave represented
THE THEORY OF FORUMS
In Plato’s allegory of the cave, the physical world is represented by
THE METAPHOR –
Plato believes that things like justice, and other non physical things, are all examples of
“HIGHER FORMS”
A ________________ occurs when expressing two assertions that culd not both be true under any possible circumstances
LOGICAL INCONSISTENCY
Which type of argument claims that the conclusion necessarily follows the premises?
DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT
___________________ is the branch of philosophy which sets out the principles for distinguishing correct reasoning from incorrect reasoning
ETHICS
The branch of philosophy that asks questions about the nature of reality
METAPHYSICS
The hard determinist and the libertarian both believe that
INCOMPATIBILISM IS TRUE
The ____________ states that if two things do not have exactly identical properties, then they are not
Principle of the Non-Identity of Discernibles
_________________ claims that we should get rid of all unnecessary entities in our theories and keep things as simple as possible
OCKHAM’S RAZOR
_____________ is the position on the mind body problem that relates the human being to a comptuer, seeing the brian as being similar to the physical hardware of a computer, and the mind as being similar to a computer progroam software
FUNCTIONALISM
