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Philosophy > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

The branch of philosophy that deals with questions concerning the nature and source of knowledge is called

A

EPISTEMOLOGY

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2
Q

Philosophers have tradition defined _______________ as a true justified belief

A

KNOWLEDGE

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3
Q

____________ knowledge is knowledge that is based on experience, and it is also known ass empirical knowledge

A

A POSTERIORI KNOWLEDGE

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4
Q

__________________ is the claim that we cannot have true knowledge

A

SKEPTICISM

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5
Q

The claim that sense experience is the sole source of knowledge about the world is called

A

EMPRIICISM

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6
Q

A ____________ is a possible state of afairs that would prevent us from distinguishing a true belief from a false one

A

UNIVERSAL BELIEF FALSIFIER

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7
Q

When Descartes discovered his first centainty, that he exists,he claimed “______________” or “I think, therefore I am.”

A

COGITO ERGO SUM

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8
Q

Empiricists claim taht when we enter the world, our mind is like a blank slate, or a _______________

A

tabula rosa

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9
Q

____________ is the claim that belief in God must be supported by objective evidence

A

EVIDENTIALISM

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10
Q

_____________ is the belief in the monotheistic God

A

MONOTHEISM

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11
Q

The claim that blief in God must be supported by objective evidence, and we dont have that evidence is called

A

ATHEISTIC EVIDENTALISM

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12
Q

______________ is any attempt to prove that existence of God using reason and experience alone

A

NATURAL THEOLOGY

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13
Q

Agnosticism could also be called

A

RELIGIOUS SKEPTICISM

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14
Q

_________________ knowledge is something we know prior to, or without, experience that gives us real information about our world

A

a priori knowledge

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15
Q

A being who contains the reason for its existence within its own nature is called a _______________

A

NECESSARY BEING

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16
Q

A priori knowledge is the type of knowledge that is

A

JUSTIIED INDEPENDTLY OF, OR PRIOR TO EXPERIENCE

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17
Q

__________ claims that reason is the primary source of knowledge about the world

A

RATIONALISM

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18
Q

What claims are made by the position of constructivism?

A

The claim that knowledge is neither already in the mind nor passively received from experience, but that our mind constructs knowledge our of materials experience

19
Q

______________ claims that certainty is neccessary for us to have knowledge

A

SKEPTICISM

20
Q

Which philosopher used methodological skepticism asd a strategy for finding certainty?

A

DESCARTES

21
Q

What was the purpose of Descartes’ quest for certainty?

A

to find if there was any belief that was certain

22
Q

Which of the following truths would a rationalist consider to be a priori truths?

A

FUNDAMENTAL TRUTHS

23
Q

Ideas that are inborn and that the mind already contiains priori to experience are clalled

A

INNATE IDEAS

24
Q

According to locke, the kind of properties that do not reflect reality as it really is are

A

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY

25
Q

What is not an example of a priori knowledge?

A

ALL BACHELORS ARE UNMARRIED MEN

ALL UNICORNS ARE ONE HORNED CREATURES

EITHER THE TEAM WILL WIN THEIR NEXT GAME OR IT WONT

26
Q

What is not an example of posteriori knowledge

A

TADPOLES BECOME FROGS

WATER FREEZES AT 32 DEGREES

TOUCHING A HOT STOVE HURTS

27
Q

What are the three anchor points for rationalism?

A

REASON is the primary or most superior source of knowledge

SENSE EXPERIENCE is a nunreliable and inadequate route to knowledge

THE FUNDAMENTAL TRUTHS ABOUT THE WORLD CAN BE KNOWN A PRIORI they are either innate or self evident

28
Q

What are some issues within philosophy of religion

A

DOES GOD EXIST

IF SO, WHAT IS GOD’S NATURE

HOW DO WE DECIDE WHETHER OR NOT GOD EXISTS?

DO WE NEED EVIDENCE OR PROOF? OR IS FAITH ALL WE NED

IF YOU ACCEPT THE TRADITIONAL GOD, WHY DOES HE ALLOW BAD THINGS HAPPEN TO GOOD PEOPLE

29
Q

_____________ is the claim that one god created the world and sustains it while transcending it

A

MONOTHEISM

30
Q

What could fall under the category evidentialism?

A

THEISTIC EVIDENTIALISM

NATURAL THEOLOGY

ATHEISTIC EVIDENTIALISM

AGNOSTICISM

31
Q

______________ developed the position of fideism

A

NONEVIDENTIALISM

32
Q

The principle of sufficient reason states that

A

THE PRINCIPLE THAT EVERYTHING THAT EXISTS MUST HAVE A REASON THAT EXPLAINS WHY IT EXISTS AND HAVE IT HAS THE PROPERTIES THAT IT DOES

33
Q

___________ developed a version of the teleological argument

A

WILLIAM PALEY

34
Q

What are some critcisms of the cosmological argument?

A

THE WORLD CONTAINS THINGS WHOSE EXISTENCE DEPENDS UPON SOME CAUSE

EVERYTHING THAT EXISTS IS EITHER UNCAUSED OR CAUSED TO EXIST BY ANOTHER

THERE CANNOT BE AN INFINITE REGRESS OF CAUSES, SO THERE MUST BE AN UNCAUSED FIRST CAUSE

AN UNCAUSED FIRST CAUSE IS WHAT WE MEAN BY GOD

35
Q

The cosmological argument tries to answer what questions?

A

IS THE “FIRST CAUSE” NECESSARILY THE MONOTHELISTIC GOD

WHY SHOULD GOD BE EXEMPT FROM CAUSED BY ANOTHER

36
Q

Which argument for the existence of God is based on the idea that evidence of design in the universe implies a designer?

A

TELEOLOGICAL ARGUMENT

37
Q

In his argument for God, ______________ uses the analogy of a watch found upon the ground

A

william paley

38
Q

____________ tries to convince people to believe in God by showing that believing in God is the safest bet

A

PASCAL

39
Q

What best describes the relationship between faith and reason according to Kierkegaard?

A

When faith and reason conflict, faith should be given priority over reason

Belief in God must be feely chosen, it cannot be compelled by logic in any way

40
Q

Which theistic argument did the theory of evolution raised problems for?

A

DESIGN ARGUMENT

41
Q

____________ said, “Christianity is absurd.”

A

KIERKEGAARD

42
Q

What are the premises in the First Cause version of the cosmological argument?

A

GOD IS PERFECTLY GOOD, OMNISCIENT, OMNIPOTENT, EVIL EXISTS

IF GOD EXISTS AND IS A BEING WHO IS AS SAID ABOVE, THEN THERE WOULD BE NO EVIL IN THE WORLD AND THEREFORE DOES NOT EXIST.

43
Q

What are criticisms David Hume made of the design argument?

A

The analogy between human creations and the universe is weak

This argument does not prove the traditional monotheistic God.

Philosophy (5 decks)

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