Midterm Flashcards
Acculturation - definition
The process of adopting the cultural traits and / or social patterns of another group
Acculturation - stages
- Honeymoon
- Crisis / culture shock
- Adjustment
Acculturation - strategies
Assimilation: person fits in with host culture and does not maintain the customs of their original culture
Integration: person fits in with host culture and maintains customs of their original culture
Separation: person does not fit in with host culture and maintains customs of their original culture
Marginalization: person does not fit in with host culture and does not maintain customs of their original culture (ex.: many Native American tribes in the US)
Enculturation - definition
The process by which the young learn the customs of their own culture
Crazy Like Us - places / disorders
Hong Kong / anorexia: original “atypical anorexics” reported physical symptoms and not body dysmorphia; after introduction of DSM and death of Charlene Hsu Chi-Ying, anorexia became popularized in Chinese culture and the incidence of cases rose
Sri Lanka / post-traumatic-stress disorder: scores of psychologists from the US and other Western countries inundated Sri Lanka after the 2004 tsunami to help treat what they saw as the inevitable experience of PTSD by residents who had been affected by the disaster; these visitors were seen as ‘experts’ by the residents and their treatments were often taken as truth because of the Sri Lankans’ faith in Western knowledge, to the detriment of indigenous cultural frameworks that actually did more to heal people than the newly introduced ‘cures’
Zanzibar / schizophrenia: people in Zanzibar view schizophrenics from a less pathological perspective than in Western countries, where we describe the disorder as a ‘disease’ caused by abnormal brain chemistry, effectively categorizing sufferers as different and setting them apart from the group; in Zanzibar, caregivers do not highly express their emotions surrounding the disordered, and generally let them coexist, leading to better prognoses
Japan / depression: big pharma filters, sponsors, and ghostwrites all sorts of studies to skew public opinion on psychiatric drugs and boost sales; in Japan, depression was marketed as a debilitating illness by GlaxoSmithKline in particular so that consumption of the drugs would skyrocket
Crazy Like Us: views on symptoms and therapies
Globalization of psychology / psychiatry is not only ineffective but is detrimental to the health of the world’s cultures; psychologists / psychiatrists should be more like anthropologists when approaching the mental health of other cultures; psychology and mental health are not experienced the same way in every culture
Culture - definition
The culture of a group consists of shared, socially learned knowledge and patterns of behavior; it is information acquired from members of one’s species through social learning that generates behaviors; it is learned and shared; it defines behavior; it is essential for human growth; it allows a group to adapt to its environment
Culture-bound syndrome - definition
Disorder that appears to be greatly influenced by cultural factors or is manifested in highly divergent ways between different cultures
Universal syndrome - definition
Disorder that is universally observed, but can vary dramatically from culture to culture; it may have its own cultural manifestation or expression that overlaps with universal qualities; examples: depression, social anxiety, suicide, schizophrenia
Components of cultural knowledge - description
Attitudes, beliefs, ideas, conceptions, rules, standards, and perceptions stored in people’s minds; ideas and beliefs are learned as a consequence of being born into and growing up among a particular group; an individual does not invent his or her culture
DSM - definition
Primary diagnostic classification system in the US; published by the American Psychiatric Association; originally published in 1952 but has undergone several major revisions; current edition is DSM-5
Self - definition - Philip Cushman
In his 1995 book Constructing the Self, Constructing America, Philip Cushman proposed the idea that people are products of specific cultural frameworks shaped by moral understandings and local politics
Enculturation - definition
The process by which young people learn the culture of their group
Ethnocentrism - definition
Using the values from one’s own culture to judge other cultures because these values are deemed superior
Worldview - components
- Time orientation
- Orientation to nature
- Human activity
- Relational orientation
