MIDTERM (4) Flashcards
What are gender roles?
Societal expectations about how people should behave based on their gender (e.g., men as breadwinners, women as caregivers).
What are gender norms?
Cultural rules about what is considered “normal” for each gender (e.g., women wear dresses, men don’t cry)
What does LGBTQ+ stand for?
L: Lesbian
G: Gay
B: Bisexual
T: Transgender
Q: Queer
I: Intersex
II: Two-Spirit (Indigenous, Filipino, African cultures)
A: Asexual
List 2 sexual orientations done in different cultures.
Kathoey, or “ladyboys,” are individuals born male but with a female identity. They work in various professions, including beauty salons and restaurants, and some are sex workers.
Femminiello are biological males who dress as women and assume female roles in Neapolitan society. They were historically privileged and participated in rituals based on Greek mythology
Who are the Dahomey warriors, and how do they challenge gender norms?
The Dahomey are a tribe of female warriors from Africa who are bald, masculine, and aggressive. They were exiled and ridiculed for not fitting traditional gender roles.
What is FGM, and where is it practiced?
FGM is the cutting or removal of female genitalia, practiced in Islamic states, Persia, and Africa. It is illegal in Europe and Canada.
What are the three levels of FGM?
First level: Clitoris is cut off.
Second level: Labia majora and minora are stitched.
Third level: Clitoris is cut off, and labia are stitched.
Why is FGM performed?
It is seen as a celebration of womanhood, often done for the benefit of men (e.g., enhancing sexual pleasure). It is performed without anesthesia using unsanitary tools like machetes.
What is SRS, and who undergoes it?
A: SRS (sexual reassignment surgery) is surgery for transgender individuals (M2F or F2M) to align their bodies with their gender identity, often accompanied by hormone therapy.
What are the procedures for F2M SRS?
Metoidioplasty: Using clitoral tissue (enlarged by testosterone) to create a small penis (1-3 inches).
Phalloplasty: Creating a phallus (penis-like structure).
Scrotoplasty: Creating a scrotum.
What are the procedures for M2F SRS?
Vaginoplasty: Creating a vagina.
Penectomy: Removing the penis and scrotum.
Which SRS procedures are more functional?
A: Vaginoplasty and penectomy are more functional than metoidioplasty.
What is kleinfelter’s syndrome?
Klinefelter syndrome
Chromosomes: Males with an extra X chromosome (47, XXY).
Physical Symptoms:
Taller than average height.
Reduced muscle mass and strength.
Larger breasts (gynecomastia).
Smaller testes and less facial or body hair
Fertility: Infertility or reduced fertility
How to elongate clitoris?
HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)can contribute to clitoral growth, particularly for individuals undergoingmasculinizing HRT(typically transgender men or masculine-aligned non-binary individuals).
What is turner syndrome?
Turner Syndrome (45, X)
Chromosomes: Females with only one X chromosome (45, X).
Physical Symptoms:
Short stature.
underdeveloped ovaries
Low-set ears, and sometimes a broad chest with widely spaced nipples.
Fertility: Infertility due to underdeveloped ovaries.
